长春蔓组培生产中污染菌的防除

长春蔓（Ｖｉｎｃａ ｍ ａｊｏｒｃｖ．Ｖａｒｉｅｇａｔａ）是优良的盆栽观叶植物,用组培方法生产母本苗,易遭大量真、细菌的污染。该文研究了对污染的防除方法和不同抗菌素对内生菌（Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．）的作用。结果表明：初代培养的消毒程序以７０％ 酒精＋ ０．１％ 升汞为好。为防治细菌的抗药性可以同时使用二种抗菌素。链霉素２０ｍ ｇｌ－ １ ＋ 头孢唑林钠３０ｍ ｇｌ－ １的配方能将内生菌的污染率控制在４０％ 以下。     

云南榧树组培初代培养降低污染率的方式筛选

选择云南榧树当年生枝条为外植体,对云南榧树组织培养中的消毒方法进行筛选,同时研究不同采集时间及培养基类型对云南榧树外植体污染的影响。结果表明,云南榧树组培初代培养易受内生菌污染;云南榧树初代培养的最佳消毒方法为:2%次氯酸钠20min+75%乙醇1min,污染率仅为14%;适宜采集外植体的季节为春夏两季,入秋后污染率升高,冬季污染严重;WPM培养基有利于降低外植体污染率。     

林木植物组织培养及存在问题的研究进展

从外植体选择及分化途径、影响增殖、生根的主要因素三方面,概述了近年来林木植物组培的研究进展,外植体3种分化途径(腋芽萌发途径、间接器官发生途径、体细胞发生途径)有其相应的最适外植体类型,林木组培首选腋芽萌发途径。培养基和植物生长调节剂是影响增殖的两大因素,对培养基的探索已从对林木植物组培常用培养基的筛选发展到无糖培养基的探索,出现了光自养、开放组培等概念;植物生长调节剂是生根的关键因素,外源激素与内源激素的相互作用对增殖有较大影响。阐述了组培中褐化、玻璃化、污染三大难题的起因和解决措施,对褐化和玻璃化的研究主要集中在外植体的生理状态和培养环境方面,提出无糖组培通过对培养环境进行改善,有望改善褐化、玻璃化问题;传统组培希望从无菌技术层面解决污染难题,这也造成了组培成本偏高的问题,进而对开放组培和无糖组培的探索,通过抑菌剂的添加及糖的剔除有望降低组培对无菌操作的要求。随着组培技术的发展,在抑菌剂加入的条件下,不进行高温高压灭菌,进行开放式的组培;利用植物自生的光合能力,剔除培养基中的蔗糖,同时改变光照条件、培养环境中的CO_2浓度、湿度,以促进外植体光自养微繁殖生长;二者均着眼于降低组培成本,简化组培程序,有望使组培技术得到革新。本文对林木组织培养研究进展进行综述,为今后开展林木植物组织培养技术的研究提供重要参考。     

6种药用植物的2个组织的内生细菌多样性初步分析

为了解白英、巴天酸模、葎草、泽漆、商陆、野老鹳草6种植物不同采集地点不同器官中内生细菌的群落分布及其规律,分别提取植物根和叶的总DNA,应用PCR-DGGE技术对6种植物3处地点的根叶共36个样本的细菌群落进行了研究,根据DGGE图谱,对它们的菌落多样性进行了分析。结果表明:不同植物的内生细菌群落在种类和含量上均有差异;同种植物不同器官的内生细菌在种类上无明显差异,含量上有差异;不同地点的同种植物内生菌相似性较高,差别不明显。可见生长环境以及植物不同部位对于内生菌群落分布具有一定的影响。     

竹子内生菌多样性与功能研究

植物内生菌多样性受宿主植物、外界环境及宿主与环境之间相互选择、相互适应的协同作用影响,在植物生长发育过程中起十分重要的作用。我国竹类资源丰富,竹子内生菌是在竹林生态系统开发利用过程中最珍贵的资源之一。挖掘竹类内生菌资源并应用于竹林培育和药物开发有助于提高我国竹产业生产经营水平,并推动林业可持续发展。文中综述了竹子内生菌资源及其生物学作用的研究概况,总结和概述了竹子内生菌种类、多样性及作用等方面的研究进展,以期为竹子内生菌开发与利用提供参考。     

植物无糖组培技术研究进展

利用试管苗小植株的光合自养能力可以对其进行无糖培养.这种组织培养模式可以有效地防止污染并能显著地促进试管苗的生长,尤其是增强试管苗的生根能力.植物无糖组培在环境调节、培养基质以及培养容器等方面较传统的组织培养有很大改善.综述了近20 a来在植物试管苗的无糖组培技术的研究进展,并对无糖组培的前景作了展望.     

植物组织培养中控制污染技术研究

本文在总结分析近２０ 年来植物组织培养中有关污染的文献的基础上,结合笔者在桉树、月季、红豆杉、一品红等植物的组培研究中的体会,针对污染的原因、影响因素,首次系统地提出了控制或降低污染率的有效途径,为组培中提高得率提供了一定的理论和实践依据,在科研及生产上有一定的实用价值。     

植物内生菌生物防治作用机制的探讨

内生菌生活在植物各组织提供的稳定生境中,且次生代谢产物丰富,在生物防治方面发挥着显著作用,内生菌在生物防治中,其应用前景广阔.对实验研究、作用机制等内容进行了概述.     

组培新技术及其在桉树快繁中的应用

由超亮发光二极管、薄膜培养容器、CO2培养箱等组成的组培新技术与由普通日光灯、玻璃培养瓶组成的常规组培技术相比，组培新技术具耗能低，显著促进植物生长，移栽成活率高及减少污染等优点。本试验比较组培新技术和常规技术组合对赤桉组培繁殖的影响，结果显示发光二极管和薄膜培养容器均显著促进赤桉组培生根和生长。     

湖北主要药用植物石斛组培育苗技术规程

正1 范围本标准规定了湖北主要药用植物石斛组培育苗的术语与定义、种类选择、种苗繁育、炼苗与健化、病虫害防治及种苗出圃。本标准适用于湖北省范围内主要药用植物石斛的组培育苗生产。2规范性引用文件农药合理使用应符合国家、行业发布的标准。详情见表1注。3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本标准。(1)石斛菌根共生菌。一种或几种侵染石斛属植物根部,与之共生的内生真菌,石斛属植物种子萌发、幼苗生长的碳源、水源以及成年植株部     

盆栽观赏竹培育技术研究

结合实施浙江省“九五”课题“丛生竹笋与观赏竹开发研究”,从浙南丰富的竹类资源和发达的社会经济之实际出发,对我国盆栽观赏竹种的筛选、母株选择、处理、挖掘、生长管理、成景管理以及盆土和竹盆选择等系列环节做了配套研究,为开发浙南丛生观赏竹资源提供技术措施和母竹种质。     

Strategy for screening eucalypts for saline lands

We present a new approach for selecting seed sources of Eucalyptus to be grown on saline land. We evaluated our method using 22 seed sources, 11 tree-form species and 11 mallee-form species. We found that the commonly used strategy of selecting seed sources on the basis of average productivity was inappropriate, as average productivity was poorly correlated with the relationship between productivity and salinity that was actually observed. Using our new approach, we categorized seed sources as salt-sensitive or salt-tolerant based on the strength of the observed relationship between salinity and productivity. Seed sources defined as sensitive were associated with relatively large (−24.8 to −64.2%) productivity losses, while the changes in productivity for tolerant seed sources ranged from −17.1 to 10.5%. On average, reductions in height due to increased salinity were about 30% greater for sensitive seed sources than tolerant ones, although the effect was smaller for mallee-form and greater for tree-form seed sources. The difference between sensitive and tolerant seed sources was similar after 1, 2 and 4 years of growth.     

行业精英纵论 2004 实业前线预测 2005

关于中国木制品市场的观点。刚刚在大连参加了2004年中国木制品进出口贸易洽谈会,我对中国作为一个多种木制产品的来源地有了更加崭新的认识随着我们对于把中国当作一个潜在的木制产品原材料产地的兴趣的增长,我很高兴的看到会议谈到了关于木制产品认证的话题．为了保护濒临灭绝的森林和保证将来的木材需要,Home Depot首先于1999年发表了它的木材购买政策你可以在HomeDepot的主页：     

请给百姓一份安全食品菜单

“民以食为天”,“人命关天”,这两句古话阐明了食品安全无以复加的重要性。实际上,食品安全的重要性还远不止于此,这个问题不仅关系到人的健康和生命,而且关系到经济发展、社会稳定,乃至公民对整个社会和政府的信心。     

请给百姓一份安全食品菜单

“民以食为天”，“人命关天”，这两句古话阐明了食品安全无以复加的重要性。实际上，食品安全的重要性还远不止于此，这个问题不仅关系到人的健康和生命，而且关系到经济发展、社会稳定，乃至公民对整个社会和政府的信心。[编者按]     

An Ecological Framework for Planning for Forest Health

Concerns for maintaining biodiversity have led to the adoption of ecosystem management as the paradigm for federal land management. This approach will identify desired future conditions as the goal for management, based on ecological objectives for a given landscape. Some management efforts attempt to identify desired future conditions based on existing successional stages as defined by a classification of overstory vegetation types. Such an approach ignores most of the underlying ecological parameters of the landscape, and is inadequate for identifying past disturbance regimes and future successional pathways. An assessment of desired future conditions based on an ecological classification system is essential to overcome these inadequacies. The strategy proposed in this paper uses an appropriate ecological land classification, based on either ecological land types or habitat types, included in a broader hierarchical classification system. It also uses a vegetation map of existing overstory vegetation. These two maps are overlaid to generate polygons of ecological units that can then be used to create an ecosystem diversity matrix. Each polygon (stand) can be evaluated as to its composition and structure relative to its possible placement within the ecosystem diversity matrix through comparisons with historical ranges of variability. The overall ecosystem diversity matrix can then be examined in terms of the distribution of successional stages within each habitat type or ecological land type. The goal should be to maintain at least adequate ecological representation of all successional stages within each habitat type that occurred historically, based on past disturbance regimes. Adequate ecological representation is defined as sufficient size and distribution of inherent ecosystems to maintain viable populations of all endemic species dependent on these ecosystems. This approach can maintain and enhance regional biodiversity, but also maintain flexibility in land management options.     

12个桃品种的花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量

在浙西南地区研究12个桃品种花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量生态指标.犹他模型测定结果显示:12个桃品种中,花芽休眠需冷量低的品种为春蜜、超红、中油11号、中油7号、中油4号,约为550～650 cu;其次是丽油5号、仓方早生、燕红、丽油3号、早凤凰,约为650～ 800 cu;需冷量高的品种为新川中岛和赤月,约为900～ 950cu.同一地区不同品种需热量差异较大,同一品种年际间差异相对较小.以生长度天模型试验结果表明:开花需热量低的品种为赤月和丽油3号,大约400 ～ 500 d·℃;其次是新川中岛,大约500～600 d·℃;春蜜、丽油5号、早凤凰、中油4号、中油7号、仓方早生和燕红大约600 ～ 700 d·℃;需热量较高的是中油11号和超红,约为700～800 d·℃.12个桃品种花芽休眠需冷量与开花需热量之间呈乘幂函数曲线显著负相关.     

Bending strength adjustments for moisture content for structural lumber

Summary Effects of moisture content on bending strength and section capacity have been studied assuming that strength properties are linearly related to moisture content below the fiber saturation point. The models developed using the linear strength vs. moisture content relationships are compared with quadratic models developed earlier. The linear representation of strength variation with moisture content leads to predicted member bending capacity relationships which show that increases in member bending strength with moisture content will compensate for section property decreases at all bending strength property levels. Comparisons of bending strength and bending capacity models show that the two modelling approaches lead to similar predicted member performance. Simplified procedures are provided for adjusting member bending strength for moisture content which are suitable for materials properties codes or standards.