猕猴桃组织培养研究现状与展望

综述了猕猴桃组织培养中外植体、培养基、培养条件、炼苗和移栽等方面的研究现状,并提出猕猴桃组织培养的发展方向。     

猕猴桃组织培养育苗中嫩梢增殖试验

猕猴桃(Altiniclin chinensis)在组织培养育苗中进行了几种增殖途径的试验。     

猕猴桃的几种组织培养快繁技术

猕猴桃的几种组织培养快繁技术周国英（中南林学院，株洲，４１２００６）在猕猴桃的栽培繁殖过程中，幼苗难以辨别雌雄，给生产管理带来很大麻烦。为了扩大雌株的繁殖，除采用扦插以外，还可以采用现代生物技术，通过用猕猴桃的基段、基尖或叶为材料，进行组培而获得大量...     

软枣猕猴桃的组织培养

软枣猕猴桃 (Actinidia arguta)为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属藤本植物，分布东北、华北、西北及华东各省，朝鲜、日本也有分布。其果味美可食，富含维生素 C，为珍贵野生果树之一。近年来，由于人们对野生天然食品的热衷，致使该资源日渐减少。我们在对软枣猕猴桃资源考察过程中，发现了品种优良的大果软枣猕猴桃，为使这一优良品种保存下来并快速应用于生产，我们对其进行组织培养，现将结果报道如下： 1材料和培养条件 1 1外植体的选择和处理：选取牡丹江林区品质优良的野生软枣猕猴桃 3年生以上植株，以萌发后 1～ 2周的嫩芽部位做为外植体，叶…     

猕猴桃嫩枝扦插快速繁殖技术要领

猕猴桃是原产我国中亚热带和暖温带的果树，又名羊机、藤梨、毛梨子等，其果实含有丰富的维生素C，含糖量约10％，含酸量约15％，此外，还含有维生素P。解院醇和多种氨基酸以及钾、钠、钙、镁、磷和铁等元素。猕猴桃味酸甜，有香味，除鲜食外，可加工制成果汁、果酱、果酒、果干、果脯等。猕猴桃的繁殖技术方法有扦插、压条、嫁接、组织培养等，而采用嫩枝扦插能快速繁殖，并使猕猴桃苗木能保持品种固有的性状和特性，生长整齐，移植后结果早，便于建成高产、优质的果园，是比较先进的繁殖新技术，对加速发展猕猴桃生产具有重要意义。三嫩…     

猕猴桃栽培技术简答(续)

4.怎样繁殖猕猴桃苗木?生产中常用的繁殖方法有哪些? 猕猴桃苗木的繁殖方法分有性繁殖和无性繁殖两种,有性繁殖是指播种育苗,无性繁殖包括嫁接、扦插、压条、埋根及组织培养等多种方法。目前,生产中常用的繁殖方法是播种育苗和嫁接繁殖。 5.播种育苗的主要环节有哪些?如何做好播种育苗? 要获得优质、健壮的合格猕猴桃苗木必须抓好种子采集、层积沙藏、细致整地、精细播种以及科学管理等几个主要生产环节,其具体操作方法是: (1)种子采集与处理:选择生长健壮、无     

猕猴桃组织培养育苗工厂化中间试验研究

通过二年多时间试验研究,从试管母本的建立,嫩梢增殖与生根状况的观察研究,进而探索了提高试管苗移栽成活率的几个技术环节,从而确立了一套猕猴桃组织培养的繁殖体系,为工厂化生产提供依据。     

中华猕猴桃成年树快速繁殖技术研究

猕猴桃是原产我国的野生藤本果树,其中以中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)分布广,资源多,据统计,全国蕴藏量约在1.5亿公斤以上。猕猴桃营养价值高,据分析,每百克鲜果含维生素C100—420毫克,比柑桔高5—10倍,比苹果、梨、葡萄等高30—100倍。除此,还含有其它多种营养物质,而且风味佳美,被誉为“水果之王”。目前不少国家正在引种栽培,作为一种新兴果树发展起来。 猕猴桃在野生状态,不同种类的果实外形、品质差异很大。用种子繁殖,成苗率低,雄株多,雌株少。利用优良单株(或类型)进行无性繁殖,扦插又较困难,特别是结果成年树,成活率很低,嫁接繁殖也受到一定限制。为了快速繁殖猕猴桃优良单株无性系,从1982年开始应用植物组织培养方法,进行试管苗的繁殖和移栽技术的试验,     

猕猴桃组培苗生根试验简报

猕猴桃是世界上珍贵的水果之一，但用传统的育苗方法在短期内难以繁殖大批猕猴桃种苗，而组织培养法则是理想的繁殖方法。我们用MS加１ppm玉米素培养出猕猴桃无根苗，然后诱导生根。诱导方法不同，生根率差异很大。为了找到最好的生根剂和生根方法，我们进行了猕猴桃试管苗生根试验，现将结果简报如下。试管法生根试验按无菌操作程序将高达２～３厘米的无根试管苗接入１／２MS附加不同生根剂及不同浓度的培养基中，然后放在培养室内培养架上，保持室温２５℃～２８℃，在５０×１２５厘米宽的培养架上每层用两支４０瓦的日光灯进行人工照…     

中华猕猴桃优良无性系的快速繁殖技术研究

为加速发展中华猕猴桃,采用了组织培养育苗法,在短期内培育出大量的优良中华猕猴桃苗木,大面积移栽已成活,成活率达80—95%,有的植株已开花结实。最佳培养基分别为:MS+6-BA_(0.05-1.0)诱导腋芽,MS+6-BA_(2.5-3.0)+2T_(0.1-0.5)+IAA_(0.1-0.5)分化丛生芽,最后在1/2MS+IBA_(0.5-1.5)+NAA_(0.5-1.5)中诱导根原基。试验表明用具根原基丛生苗移栽成活率最高。     

Biochemical responses to iron deficiency in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

A comparative study of two kiwifruit genotypes (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa) with different tolerance to iron (Fe) deficiency was conducted to identify biochemical features associated with tolerance to Fe deficiency. After 14 days of growth in hydroponic culture under Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient conditions, leaf chlorophyll concentration, activities of ferric chelate reductase (FCR), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and citrate synthase in root extracts, concentrations of organic acids in roots, leaves and xylem sap, and xylem sap pH were measured. In response to Fe deficiency, the tolerant genotype D1 showed: (i) higher FCR activity associated with a longer lasting induction of FCR; (ii) higher PEPC activity; (iii) higher concentrations of citric acid in roots; and (iv) lower xylem sap pH compared with the susceptible genotype Hayward. These findings imply that induction of FCR and PEPC activities in roots in response to Fe deficiency are important physiological adaptations enabling Fe-efficient kiwifruit plants to tolerate Fe deficiency.     

Thinning intensity affects microbial functional diversity and enzymatic activities associated with litter decomposition in a Chinese fir plantation

Microbial functional diversity and enzymatic activities are critical to maintaining material circulation during litter decomposition in forests. Thinning, an important and widely used silvicultural treatment, changes the microclimate and promotes forest renewal. However, how thinning affects microbial functional diversity and enzymatic activities during litter decomposition remains poorly understood. We conducted thinning treatments in a Chinese fir plantation in a subtropical region of China with four levels of tree stem removal (0, 30, 50, and 70%), each with three replicates, and the effects of thinning on microbial functional diversity and enzymatic activities were studied 7 years after treatment by collecting litter samples four times over a 1-year period. Microbial functional diversity and enzymatic activities were analyzed using Biolog Ecoplates (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA) based on the utilization of 31 carbon substrates. Total microbial abundance during litter decomposition was lower after the thinning treatments than without thinning. Microbial functional diversity did not differ significantly during litter decomposition, but the types of microbial carbon-source utilization did differ significantly with the thinning treatments. Microbial cellulase and invertase activities during litter decomposition were significantly higher under the thinning treatments due to changes in the litter carbon concentration and the ratios of carbon and lignin to nitrogen. The present study demonstrated the important influence of thinning on microbial activities during litter decomposition. Moderate-intensity thinning may maximize vegetation diversity and, in turn, increase the available substrate sources for microbial organisms in litter and promote nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.     

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像森林植被变化检测方法对比研究

利用面向对象分类技术,对同一区域同一数据源的高分辨率遥感影像采用了分类前比较及分类后处理两种变化检测方法进行对比分析,结果表明分类后处理的变化检测方法在现阶段的森林植被变化检测中具有较高的提取精度,可用于森林动态变化监测、自然灾害评估等工作。     

樟子松“六位一体”造林技术

本文对试验示范区自然地理条件和气候土壤状况进行分析研究,探索出了＂六位一体＂人工固沙植被快速恢复技术,即搭设障蔽、挖坑换土、壮苗深栽、浇水覆膜、套笼三防、生物除虫。通过实践证明此种技术可在＂三北＂工程、天保工程和退耕还林工程的实施中大面积推广应用,并且这一技术在同类地区防沙治沙工作中,具有很好的推广应用前景。     

Acoustoelastic birefringence effect in wood I: effect of applied stresses on the velocities of ultrasonic shear waves propagating transversely to the stress direction

The velocity changes of ultrasonic shear waves propagating transversely to the applied stress direction in wood were investigated. The wave oscillation directions were parallel and normal to the uniaxially applied stress direction. The velocities of the shear waves for both oscillations decreased as the compressive load increased, and increased as the tensile load increased. The velocity of the normally oscillated shear wave showed smaller change against the stress applied than that of the parallel oscillated wave. The initial birefringence due to the orthotropy of wood was observed without any stress. Velocity changes in the two principally oscillated shear waves were proportional to the stress within the stress range tested. The acoustoelastic birefringence effect was obtained from the velocity difference between the two shear waves. The relative difference between the two velocities (called acoustic anisotropy) was given as a function of the applied stress. The acoustoelastic birefringence constants were obtained from the relationships between the acoustic anisotropy and the applied stress.     

乌鲁木齐市园林树木调查及分析

文章在对乌鲁木齐市具有代表性的主要道路、公园绿地、单位附属绿地和居住区绿地园林树木进行实地调查的基础上,统计出乌鲁木齐市园林树木279种,隶属于35科85属,分析了种类和组成,提出园林树木在观赏价值与应用中存在的问题,最终根据园林树木的调查及分析提出建议,以期为乌鲁木齐市城市园林建设与发展提供参考。     

Fatigue in wood-based panels. Part 2: property changes during fatigue cycling of OSB, chipboard and MDF

Wood-based panels are viscoelastic so when a load (stress) is applied to them there is a time lag before a deflection (strain) is produced, which results in hysteresis (a loss of energy). The capture of stress versus strain hysteresis loops is a non-interruptive method of monitoring the damage produced during fatigue testing. Hysteresis loops were captured throughout the flexural fatigue testing of OSB, chipboard and MDF in four-point bending allowing the development of fatigue damage to be followed. The MDF tested had a greater mean bending strength than the OSB and chipboard. When stresses were applied to the materials as a percentage of their bending strengths, the stresses applied to the MDF samples were larger than those applied to the OSB and chipboard samples. As a result the microstrains were greater for MDF than for the chipboard and OSB. The OSB was stiffer than the chipboard and MDF, which were both of similar stiffness. The information gained from the hysteresis loops indicates that the OSB, chipboard and MDF all had fatigue limits just below 20% of their bending strengths. The fatigue limit for the MDF is likely to be slightly lower than for the chipboard and the OSB.     

施肥对红松无性系种子园母树结实效应研究

通过在红松无性系幼龄种子园进行的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥3种肥料,每种肥料设置4个水平的施肥试验,研究分析了氮肥、磷肥和钾肥3种肥料,以及每种肥料的不同施用数量,对促进红松无性系种子园幼龄母树结实的效果,提出促进红松无性系幼龄植株结实的适宜施肥数量。     

The Application of Fertilizers to Drained Peat 2. Uptake by Vegetation and Residual Distribution in Peat

Analyses of peat cores taken from lysimeters, which had beenused to monitor leaching losses from a drained peat on a raisedbog for three years, showed that much of the applied fertiliser,rock phosphate and potassium chloride, was retained in the uppermost0.3 m of the peat. Undisturbed bog vegetation had accumulated10–13 per cent of the applied P and K and losses to drainagewater amounted to about 10 and 35 per cent respectively. Whenboth nutrients were applied together leaching losses were reduced,vegetation uptake was increased and more was retained in thepeat. Within the fairly wide 95 per cent confidence limits mostof the P and Ca could be accounted for but K showed a deficit.The Ca in the rock phosphate was almost entirely retained inthe peat.     

Field trial of salad oil application for the induction of male flower browning ofCryptomeria japonica

A field trial of salad oil application for the induction of male flower browning ofCryptomeria japonica was conducted. The browning effect of salad oil applied from a helicopter was found to vary from clone to clone depending on the earliness of male flower development. When applied at the flower initiation stage, salad oil turned male flowers to a brown color; when applied later, the browning effect of salad oil was not clear. The effectiveness of the application depended on how close to the time of flower initiation it occurred. The harmful changes caused by salad oil solution were only observed on the leaves of Japanese plume-grass (Miscanthus sinensis), and no other effects on other plants were observed. Todd Davies for his warm hearted advice on English composition.