光肩星天牛雌虫产儿器及腺体分泌物的活性研究

以雌虫产卵器及腺体为诱源进行活性试验,结果表明;光肩星天牛雌虫产卵器上有性信素存在,是释放性信息素的部位之一。产诳器及腺体分泌物对雄虫有一定的引诱作用。     

杨扇舟蛾雌蛾性信息素腺体提取物的生物活性

通过EAG和行为测定方法.研究了杨扇舟蛾雄蛾对雌蛾性信息素腺体提取物的电生理反应和行为反应.结果显示,雄蛾对羽化第2天的雌蛾腺体提取物的EAG反应值大于第1天的反应值,之后随日龄增加缓慢衰减,说明杨扇舟蛾求偶和释放性信息素的高峰期应在羽化后的1～2d内.随着雌蛾腺体提取物剂量的增加,雄蛾的EAG反应值增大,表明雄蛾对雌蛾雌蛾腺体提取物反应的强弱与性信息素含量呈正相关.行为测定结果表明,杨扇舟蛾雄蛾对不同剂量的雌蛾腺体提取物均具有趋性,但无规律性变化.处女蛾的性信息素腺体提取物引起的雄蛾趋性反应强于交尾蛾,杨扇舟蛾雌蛾具重复交配的特性.     

蒙古木蠹蛾性信息素研究

经毛细管气谱和质谱比较分析,发现蒙古木蠹蛾(Cossus mongolicus Ersch.)雌蛾产卵器及性信息素腺体漂洗液内,主要含有顺-5-12碳烯醇乙酸酯和顺-5-14碳烯醇乙酸酯两个化合物,其中只有顺-5-12碳烯醇乙酸酯能引起蒙古未蠹蛾雄蛾强烈触角电位反应,且在连续两年的林间诱捕试验中表现出显著引诱效果和防治潜力,由此证明顺-5-12碳烯辞乙酸酯是蒙古木蠹蛾性信息素的主要成分。     

朱红毛斑蛾雌雄鉴别与生殖系统解剖观察

朱红毛斑蛾Phauda flammans主要为害榕树Ficus microcarpa。为了迅速准确鉴别蛹和成虫性别,通过体视显微镜进行观察。结果表明,雌蛹第8腹节有1纵裂缝,两侧平坦,第9腹节和第10腹节分节不明显;雄蛹第9腹节有1明显生殖孔裂缝,略微突起,第9腹节和第10腹节分节明显。雄虫体型较雌虫略小,雌虫触角鞭节白色,雄虫黑色;雌虫腹面体毛黑色,雄虫腹面体毛灰白色。雌虫腹部末端有明显的产卵器,轻挤腹部末端,伸出1黄色囊状腺体;雄成虫腹部末端有1对黑色尾须,轻挤腹部末端,抱握器分开,阳具外突。朱红毛斑蛾雌成虫的生殖系统包括1对卵巢、卵巢管、1根中输卵管、2根侧输卵管、受精囊、受精囊腺、阴道支囊、导精管、交尾囊、1对附腺、产卵器;雄成虫的生殖系统包括1个睾丸、1对输精管、1对附腺、双精管、单精管、阳茎和抱握器。     

杨树分月扇舟蛾性信息素研究

分月扇舟蛾ＣｌｏｓｔｅｒａａｎａｓｔｏｍｏｓｉｓＬｉｎｎ．是危害杨树的重要害虫之一．为了做好防治该虫的基础工作，首先对雌蛾求偶特性及雄蛾风洞行为进行了观察，然后采用毛细管气相色谱及ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析对雌蛾性信息素进行了研究．结果表明：在光周期Ｌ∶Ｄ＝１４∶１０的条件下，黑暗８ｈ的性信息素抽提物已具有引诱活性，雌蛾求偶在黑暗９ｈ达高峰，求偶率高达９０％；雄蛾风洞行为反应以２日龄的反应较强；比较黑暗６～９ｈ雌蛾性信息素腺体的正已烷抽提液的气相色谱图，从色谱峰的消长并综合考虑风洞试验及求偶规律，确定了活性峰；微量化学反应及ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析结果表明，分月扇舟蛾性信息素活性组分为含有两个双键的Ｃ１４醛．     

对光肩星天牛性信息素的探讨

通过对光肩星天牛（ＡｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｌｐｅｎｎｌｓＭｏｔｓｃｈ）性信息素产生和接收部位的研究。结果表明，雄虫触角在成虫交尾中起决定作用。当雄虫接收到雌虫发出的性信息后主动产生性行为，证实了雄虫的触角具有感受器。雌虫的前胸背板及腹板有可能是释放性信息素的部位，而复眼是成虫交尾必不可少的器官。     

思茅松毛虫3个地理种群性信息素成分差异分析

[目的]分析思茅松毛虫雌成虫不同地理种群间性信息素成分、含量和比例差异,比较雄成虫触角敏感性和不同配比诱芯诱捕效果差异,开发不同地域有针对性的思茅松毛虫种群监测方法和诱捕防控技术。[方法]运用气相色谱(GC)分析思茅松毛虫湖南、云南和江西地理种群雌虫性信息素腺体提取物,利用触角电位仪(EAG)测定思茅松毛虫各地理种群雄蛾触角对性信息素标准品及其不同配比组分的电生理敏感性,然后进行林间生物测定,比较不同配比的性信息素成分诱蛾效果。[结果]思茅松毛虫性信息素腺体中含有顺5,反7-十二碳二烯乙酸酯(Z5,E7-12:OAc)、顺5,反7-十二碳二烯醇(Z5,E7-12:OH)和顺5-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z5-12:OAc)3种成分,3个地理种群间这3种腺体成分含量和比例存在微小差异。3种成分以100:10:25或者100:10:10的比例配比,不同地理种群间均具有很好的触角电位活性和林间诱蛾活性。[结论]思茅松毛虫性信息素组分还没有发生明显的种下分化现象,3个地理种群间性信息素含量和比例的细微差异暗示着与地域差异、寄主植物差异和人为化学防控干扰等因素相关。     

GC-MS法鉴定团花绢螟性信息素成分的研究

团花绢螟Diaphania glauculalis Guenée是危害团花树的重要害虫。为研究利用其性信息素防控团花绢螟,在光周期L∶D=12∶12、温度20~28℃、相对湿度75%~80%条件下,观察了雌蛾释放性信息素情况,采用腺体提取法、吸附法、固相微萃取法制备了同日龄在不同暗期时辰、不同日龄在同一暗期时辰的雌蛾性信息素粗提物。采用GC-MS技术,计算机检索分析和鉴定性信息素成分,结果表明:3日龄雌蛾暗期处理6 h产生和释放的性信息素量最大,随后逐渐减少,而吸附法、固相微萃取法均未发现性信息素组分。     

金钱松小卷蛾性信息素的研究

本文对金钱松小卷蛾（ＣｅｌｙｐｈａｐｓｅｕｄｏｌａｘｉｃｏｌａＬｉｕ）雌性信息素进行了研究。室内观察的结果表明，在光周期为１４：１０的条件下，雌蛾求偶在黑暗４ｈ时达到高峰，求偶百分率达到８５％。对雌蛾性信息素腺体的正己洗抽提液用高效毛细管色谱仪进行分析，获得了五个信息素组分。利用乙酰化反应，色谱分析，标样对照以及色－质联用证实，鉴定出这五个化合物分别是１２：ＯＨ、Ｚ１０－１２：ＯＨ、１２：Ａｃ、Ｚ９－１２：Ａｃ和Ｚ１０－１２：Ａｃ。它们的比例是：６．８：５．４：２４．５６：１：２２．２９。在风洞中用雌蛾性信息素腺体抽提物、合成性信息素组分作为诱芯，均能引诱雄蛾产生从起飞、定向、到降落在信息素源这一系列性行为反应。林间生物试验亦证实了这一结果。     

黑肾卷裙夜蛾触角感器与雌性腺超微结构观察

为研究黑肾卷裙夜蛾触角感器的种类、分布和形态特征,以及雌性信息素腺体超微结构,利用扫描电镜技术对黑肾卷裙夜蛾进行观察。结果表明:黑肾卷裙夜蛾成虫共有触角感器5种,分别为;毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器,其中毛形感器数目最多,分为3类,雄虫2类雌虫1类;刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器、Bhm氏鬃毛感器雌雄没有差别。     

印楝质杀虫剂的生物活性及作用机制研究进展

印楝质杀虫剂对昆虫有忌避、拒食、干扰生长发育、降低生殖力等多方面的生物活性。印楝质杀虫剂对不同昆虫的取食影响差异较大，鳞翅目昆虫较敏感。对不同昆虫的生长发育、生殖等方面的效应较为一致，但处理方法对效果有影响，注射处理比点滴、口服效果好。印楝质杀虫剂的作用机制包括：（1）影响触角、跗节、产卵器化上化学感受器的功能导致忌避作用；（2）影响口器上厌食及其他化学感器产生初生拒食反应；（3）作用于消化系统形成次生拒食反应；（4）障碍形态发生肽类激素的释放，影响蜕皮激素、保幼激素滴度，抑制生长发育并使生殖力下降；（5）抑制细胞分裂、损害发育中的器官组织。印楝质杀虫剂在细胞、分子生物学水平上的作用机制尚待阐明。     

Influence of forest riparian vegetation on abundance and biomass of nocturnal flying insects

Despite widespread recognition of linkages between vegetation and insects, understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying these relationships is limited. Better comprehension of relationships linking abundance and biomass of insects to vegetation would increase accuracy of predictions of the effects of forest management activities on insect communities. This knowledge could also be pivotal to understanding predator–prey dynamics linked to insect populations. We sampled nocturnal flying insects and measured vegetation characteristics in 34 stream reaches in conifer-dominated forests of the Oregon Coast Range in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. We considered five a priori hypotheses (resource quality, resource diversity, resource abundance, resource concentration, and stream cover hypotheses) that could explain mechanisms underlying associations between riparian vegetation and nocturnal flying insects, and used an information-theoretic approach to determine the relative strength of evidence for each. The resource quality hypothesis, which predicts that abundance and biomass of insects increases with cover of deciduous vegetation, explained substantial variation for nearly every order of insect investigated, whereas the remaining hypotheses explained relatively little. Abundance and biomass of insects had stronger associations with characteristics of canopy trees than with characteristics of shrub or understory trees, suggesting that deciduous trees are an important habitat element for nocturnal flying insects in these areas. Resource managers planning riparian vegetation management in conifer-dominated forests should be aware that manipulation of the cover of deciduous trees in riparian areas could have a large impact on these insects and their vertebrate predators. By providing information on forest canopy composition, remote sensing may offer a low-cost tool for identifying areas with high abundance and biomass of insects during conservation planning.     

Übertragung zweler bakterieller Pathogene in den Körper von Sesamia cretica Led. (Lep., Tortricidae) mittels des Legebohrers von Bracon brevicornis Wesm. (Hym., Braconidae)

Laboratory trials were undertaken to investigate the transmission of 2 bacterial pathogens (Serratia marcescens Bizio andBacillus thuringiensis Berliner) by the ovipositor of a braconid parasitoid,Bracon brevicornis Wesmael into the body cavity ofSesamia cretica Lederer. The braconid's ovipositor was able to transmit the 2 bacterial pathogens and plays as inoculating needle. The host larvaeS. cretica were significantly immobilized faster by the contaminated ovipositor of a parasitoid (in case of the 2 pathogens). After successful transmission of the bacterial pathogen into the body cavity of host larvae, different deleterious effects were significantly found for the parasitoid and its progeny specially in case ofS. marcescens. Through contamination of the ovipositor, the non-sporeforming bacterium,S. marcescens has more pathogenic effects on the parasitoid and its progeny than the sporeforming bacterium,B. thuringiensis.     

佳多频振式杀虫灯在森林害虫测报与防治中的应用

应用佳多频振式杀虫灯进行森林害虫的预测预报试验,结果表明对许多森林害虫都有诱集作用,试验中共诱集到28种森林害虫,完全可以用于对森林害虫的监测;在利用佳多频振式杀虫灯防治松毛虫的试验中取得了88%以上的防治效果,说明该灯能够用于防治;与化学防治和利用性诱剂进行测报相比,该种杀虫灯的防治、测报成本远远低于前者.     

RECENT ADVANCES IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FOREST INSECTS IN CHINA

In China the research in the phusiology of forest in inseets began in the 1970s,and in the 1980s a great deal of research works was done in this field,a lot of which were concen-trated on the isolation,identification and synthesis of sex pheromones on the injurious forest in-seets with in Lepidopteron and Coleopteron.In the field of tree resistance physiology,some ad-vanees were achieved in the resislance mechanism of poplar to Longicorn beetles and prominents.The research of the resistance of plne to Matsucoccusmalsumurae Kuwana is now also going on.In addition,the seductive function of plant sex seducements to the Longicorn bee-tle and its digestion physiology are also being studied.Many reports on the analysis of proteins,isoenzymes and amino acids applied to classification of Longicorn beetles,Pine moths and Aphids have been published.A relatively deep insight was gained in the physiological characters of overwintering larvae of Coleophoradahuriea Flkv.in the deep cold region of Hellongjiang province     

夜蛾科昆虫性信息素组分的结构及分布特点

夜蛾科(Noctuidae)是鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)昆虫中最大的一个科,全世界已知该科昆虫种类达25089种(统计至1985年),我国已经鉴定出2095种[1].夜蛾科昆虫大多是植食性,且多数又是暴食性,对农作物危害极大,因此,夜蛾科害虫一直是农林害虫防治的重要对象.     

红松人工纯林3种梢斑螟成虫种群动态分析

【目的】梢斑螟是黑龙江省红松人工林的主要果梢害虫,研究了其成虫种群动态及未来种群变化趋势,为种群预测以及防治提供科学理论依据。【方法】在梢斑螟成虫发生期6月下旬—8月初,每天夜间19:00—23:00在红松林缘利用灯光诱捕梢斑螟成虫,结合幼虫鉴定种类,分析其种群动态。【结果】1)在牡丹江林口林业局的湖水、曙光和西北楞3个地点,诱捕到的种类均为赤松梢斑螟Dioryctria sylvestrella、冷杉梢斑螟D.abietella和微红梢斑螟D.rubella。2)在湖水,梢斑螟的种群数量最多,平均每天诱捕111.38头;西北楞其次,平均每天诱捕79.625头;曙光最少,平均每天诱捕69.63头。微红梢斑螟在3个地点均是优势种。3)在整个诱捕期间,冷杉梢斑螟和赤松梢斑螟成虫期为6月上旬—7月下旬,高峰期为6月下旬;微红梢斑螟成虫期为6月上旬—8月下旬,高峰期为6月下旬和7月中旬。4)3种梢斑螟都是在21:00—22:00诱捕的数量最多。5)3种梢斑螟的雌雄性比随着季节的推移波动较大,由开始的小于1,到接近于1,最终大于1,但总的性比接近1:1。【结论】梢斑螟的种群动态随时间和小生境的不同变化明显,6月下旬和7月中旬是其羽化高峰期,21:00—22:00是其最活跃时间。因此,对其防治应适时适地采取有效措施。     

榆木蠹蛾性诱剂的合成及林间诱蛾试验

利用毛细管气相色谱分析榆木蠹蛾处女雌蛾性腺体提取物、化学合成相应的标准化合物并通过触角电位分析及林间诱蛾试验,旨在找到一种对榆木蠹蛾成虫具有强引诱活性的性诱剂.结果表明:提取物中存在反-3-十四碳烯醇(E3 - 14∶OH)、顺-3-十四碳烯醇(Z3 - 14∶ OH)、反-3 -十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(E3 - 14∶Ac)、顺-7-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(Z7-14∶ Ac)和顺-3-反-5-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(Z3E5 -14∶ Ac).榆木蠹蛾雄蛾对Z7-14∶ Ac产生最强的触角电位(EAG)反应,为4.95 mV,极显著高于其他化合物,其他依次是E3 - 14∶Ac、Z3E5 -14∶Ac、E3E5 -14∶ Ac、Z3 - 14∶Ac、腺体提取物、E7 - 14∶Ac,其中乙酸酯化合物EAG值极显著高于其相应的醇(P＜0.01).林间诱蛾活性试验表明:Z7- 14∶ Ac有诱蛾活性,E3 - 14∶Ac和Z3E5 - 14∶ Ac有显著的增效作用,Z7-14∶ Ac、E3 - 14∶Ac和Z3E5 - 14∶ Ac按10∶ 4∶4的比例配成每个含900 μg性诱剂的诱芯具有很好的诱蛾活性,单诱芯日平均诱蛾数达11.02头.     

Zur Wirkung der Individuendichte auf die Kopulation und den Sauerstoffverbrauch von Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bol. (Orth., Acrididae)

Isolated pairs ofH. nigrorepletus did not show hastened mating behaviour like those in the crowd. The early mating points towards an expedited secretion of certain sex hormones responsible for inducing early mating under crowding stress.Insects in cages put permanently in open air appeared healthy and vigorous while those in cages in rooms appeared run down. It was found that oxygen consumption in insects of open air cages was 13.3 × 10^–4 ml./sec/adult in average. But there was no significant difference between crowded and isolated insects regarding oxygen consumption.