黔北地区5种竹材室内耐腐性研究

将彩绂革盖菌、棉腐卧孔菌和密粘褶菌作为试验菌种接种在硬头黄等5个竹种竹材和马尾松木材上进行耐腐性试验.结果表明,这些竹材在不同菌种侵蚀下的失重率不同,且差异较为显著.经过耐腐性评价,最耐腐的竹种为花吊丝竹,耐腐的竹种为斑竹、方竹和篌竹,稍耐腐的竹种为硬头黄和马尾松木材.在彩绒革盖菌和棉腐卧孔菌侵蚀下,竹材的耐久平均时间较长.     

天然耐腐木材的抗腐力及其在腐朽过程中化学成分的变化

在实验室中用土壤木块法测定了杉木、楠木、檫木、白栎、楸木等心材对彩绒革盖菌(白腐菌)和密粘褶菌(褐腐菌)的天然耐腐力,并分析了样品在腐巧过程中的主要化学成分变化。试验结果表明,上述心材对彩绒革盖菌和密粘褶菌具有很大的杭腐力,而作为对照样品的杨木却很不耐腐。这个事实反映了在这些树种的心材中含有有效的抗菌成分。彩绒革盖菌几乎以相同的相对速度分解综纤维素和木质素,木材在1％NaOH溶液中的溶解度逐渐减少。密粘褶菌主要分解木材中的多聚糖,它只引起木质素含量的少量损失。木材在褐腐前期,在1％NaOH溶液中的溶解度明显增加,直到后期,由于部分降解的高聚糖碎片被褐腐菌消化,致使木材在1％NaOH溶液中的溶解度迅速下降。     

黄枝润楠木材天然耐腐性及其腐朽前后特性变化的研究

以天然次生林23年生黄枝润楠Machilus Versicolora木材为研究对象,以密粘褶菌(褐腐菌)Gloeophyllum trabeum和彩绒革盖菌(白腐菌)Coriolus versicolor为侵染细菌,应用木材天然耐腐性试验方法测定分析了其天然耐腐性,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X...     

木材天然耐腐性室内试验标准方法的研究

采用三种培养基、两种白腐菌、两种褐腐菌对马尾松、毛白杨的天然耐腐性进行了试验。结果表明:砂子锯屑培养基法对采绒革盖菌(Corjolus versicolor)和绵腐卧孔菌(Poiraplacenta)的生长较快,对木材腐朽力,即重量损失较明显。     

不同树种木粉/PVC复合材料天然耐腐性对比研究

选用5种不同树种木粉与PVC制备木塑复合材料,通过人工模拟加速试验对比研究不同组别复合材料对采绒革盖菌和绵腐卧孔菌的天然耐腐性差异,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和水分吸附测试深入分析腐朽菌对复合材料微观形貌及界面结合的影响,结果表明:不同组别复合材料对彩绒革盖菌耐腐性排序为:杉木/PVC马尾松/PVC白千层/PVC枫香/PVC尾巨桉/PVC复合材料;对绵腐卧孔菌耐腐性排序为:杉木/PVC尾巨桉/PVC、白千层/PVC、马尾松/PVC枫香/PVC复合材料。腐朽菌菌丝可通过木粉和PVC树脂界面结合空隙处进入试样内部进行侵蚀,从而降低复合材料间的界面结合,使其水分吸附率明显增加。     

杉木热处理材的耐腐性研究

采用白腐茵(彩绒革盖茵)和褐腐茵(绵腐卧孔菌),对不同温度热处理前后杉木木材的耐腐性进行研究.研究结果表明:热处理材的处理温度对白腐茵腐朽性没有影响,而褐腐茵对热处理材的腐蚀性随温度的上升而下降,当温度升至220℃时,木材的质量损失率降为0,耐腐性上升为Ⅰ级强耐腐等级.     

不同腐朽程度的云南松心材用不同培养基与菌种进行的耐腐性试验研究

本文报道了麦芽糖琼脂、沙子和土壤培养基和木腐菌——彩绒革盖菌和密粘褶菌——用于测定不同腐朽程度的云南松心材的耐腐性,以及在扫描电镜下观察腐朽材细胞结构变化的结果。试验结果表明,腐朽材的耐腐性随腐朽程度的增大而降低。扫描电镜揭示,菌丝穿透细胞壁的孔洞越多、细胞壁破坏越严重,木材的腐朽程度就越高。     

地榆多酚处理杨木防腐性能研究

以地榆根为原料,在传统工艺基础上借助超声波技术提取地榆多酚,对杨木进行浸渍处理,处理浓度分别为1%、3%、5%。用白腐菌(彩绒革盖菌)和褐腐菌(密粘褶菌)对木块进行12周的腐朽处理,计算试件失重率,并用扫描电子显微镜表征。结果表明:未处理材在白腐菌和褐腐菌侵蚀后的平均失重率分别为21.38%和41.62%,而地榆多酚提取液浸渍处理材在同样条件下的平均失重率分别为4.49%和9.93%,表明地榆多酚对木材具有较明显的防腐效果。当地榆多酚提取液浸渍浓度为5%时,处理材对褐腐菌的抵抗作用较强。本研究可以为利用天然植物提取物改善木材耐腐性能提供理论基础。     

我国北方主要树种心材天然耐腐性评价

本文通过将彩绒革盖菌和密粘褶菌菌接种４２种树木心材的方法评价了我国北方主要树种的天然耐腐性。本试验将耐腐性分成Ⅰ－Ⅳ４个等级（由强到弱）。试验结果表明，Ⅰ级为８种，Ⅱ级为１４种，Ⅲ级为８种，Ⅳ级为１２种。     

几种天然耐腐材在腐朽过程中化学成分的变化

本文分析了山槐、暴马丁香、黄檗、水曲柳等心材样品在腐朽过程中的主要化学成分变化。试验结果表明,上述心材对彩绒革盖菌Cv和密粘褶菌Gt具有很强的抗腐力,而对照样品的山杨却不耐腐。这个事实反映了在这些树木的心材中含有抗菌成分。     

Comparative study on the durability of heat-treated White Birch (Betula papyrifera) subjected to the attack of brown and white rot fungi

Abstract

The effect of heat treatment on decay resistance of white birch was evaluated for different incubation periods ranging from 2 to 12 weeks using three species of brown rot and one species of white rot fungus. The results of weight loss tests showed that the white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, effectively degraded the untreated wood (73.5%). While the degradation of untreated wood by brown rot fungi species, Gloephyllum trabeum (11.6%) and Conifora puteana (6.2%), was considerably less compared to T. versicolor, the third brown rot fungi studied, Poria placenta, caused an appreciable degradation of the same species (52.4%). The results clearly showed that the heat treatment reduced the effect of fungi attack on white birch. Increasing the heat treatment temperature from 195 to 215°C resulted in reduction of weight loss, consequently, reduction in fungal attack. As an example, the weight loss reductions due to T. versicolor, P. placenta, G. trabeum and C. puteana attack was 62.2%, 71.3%, 89.6% and 100%, respectively, compared to the weight loss of untreated wood when it is heat treated at 215°C. Thus, these results confirmed that the heat treatment increased the biological resistance of white birch.     

Mechanical properties,components and decay resistance of Populus davidiana bioincised by Coriolus versicolor

The experiment was conducted to improve the decay resistance of wood by increasing the wood preservatives uptake and penetration depth by bioincising with Coriolus versicolor. The mechanical properties of bioincised Populus davidiana sapwood were measured. The changes of wood components(lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) were analyzed by FTIR. The staining treatment using potassium permanganate was to measure the preservatives uptake and penetration depth in wood specimens. The decay resistance of bioincised specimens impregnated with IPBC and CA was assessed against C.versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum using bioincised P.davidiana sapwood and untreated controls. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the bioincised specimens were changed with the incubation time and mass loss. The mechanical strength was decreased after 17 days compared to that of the specimens bioincised 13 days.The bioincised specimens demonstrated the deeper penetration depth than the un-bioincised specimens. It was significant correlation(P 0.01) between penetrationdepth and incubation time. The average value of the penetration depth of the bioincised specimens was deeper than the control groups by 158.7%. By FTIR analysis, the biodegradation ability of C. versicolor to decay cellulose and hemicellulose was weaker than that of lignin. The bioincising treatment significantly increased the wood uptake of IPBC and CA, and reached the maximum uptake value at 17 and 13 days, respectively. Summarily, the bioincising pretreatment can obviously improve the wood decay resistance against C. versicolor and G. trabeum following by introducing the IPBC and CA.     

高温热改性橡胶木的生物耐久性

以水蒸气作为保护气体,在170,185,200和215℃的条件下分别热处理橡胶木3h,对热改性橡胶木的生物耐久性进行研究.结果显示:高温热改性可提高橡胶木的耐腐性,其改善效果随着处理温度的升高而提高,当处理温度为185℃或更低温度时,改善效果不明显.215℃处理3h后,褐腐(密黏褶菌)质量损失率由51.6％降至21.6％,白腐(采绒革盖菌)质量损失率由27.6％降至6.8％.选用烟曲霉、哈茨木霉、产紫青霉和可可球二孢进行防霉试验,结果显示热改性橡胶木的防霉性能与对照相比没有明显的改善;经涂饰后,热改性试材的防霉性能优于未处理材.野外耐久性试验结果显示,高温热改性不能提高橡胶木的防白蚁性能.     

山苍子油活性成分对木材真菌的抑制作用

为筛选出新的对绵腐卧孔菌、绿色木霉和彩绒革盖菌3种常见木材真菌有效的杀菌剂,采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了山苍子油主成分及其衍生物共10种化合物对这3种常见木材真菌的抑制率,建立毒力方程并分析其活性。结果表明:10种化合物对3种常见木材真菌的生长均表现出一定的抑制作用,而且随着浓度的升高,抑制作用增强;通过10种化合物对3种常见木材真菌的毒力回归分析,并与三唑酮相比较,依次筛选出对绵腐卧孔菌、绿色木霉和彩绒革盖菌的抑制作用最强的分别为柠檬醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛、β-紫罗兰酮和鸢尾酮,其半数有效抑制质量浓度(EC50)依次分别为18.69、23.50和32.21 mg/L。3种真菌分别经柠檬醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛、β-紫罗兰酮和鸢尾酮处理后,菌体细胞膜的相对渗透率发生变化,表明山苍子油活性成分的木材防腐作用与菌体细胞膜遭破坏有关。     

Resistance of bamboo scrimber against white-rot and brown-rot fungi

ABSTRACT

Bamboo scrimber is one of the most emerging structural materials for future building applications and it possesses properties comparable to other natural wood-based engineered materials such as glulam, laminated veneer lumber and cross-laminated timber. The goal of this work was to study the decay resistance of bamboo scrimber against white-rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungi (Serpula lacrymans). Bamboo scrimber samples were incubated in petri dishes with the wood-decaying fungi and the weight loss after 12 weeks was measured. The surface morphology of fungal-degraded bamboo scrimber was evaluated using optical microscopy. Based on the percentage weight loss, bamboo scrimber could be classified as highly resistant against bio-deterioration by white and brown-rot fungi.     

潮湿与真菌腐朽对室外用铁杉胶合板力学性能影响的研究

Hem-fir plywood were exposed to two brown rot fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta, and one white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, to investigate the effect of fungal decay on mechanical properties of plywood. Results showed that modulus of rupture （MOR） and modulus of elasticity （MOE） of hem-fir plywood declined significantly by inoculating fungi, and weight loss of sample had a modest decrease. The fungi also made a greater effect on MOR than on MOE. Of three fungi, Postia placenta caused a most significant weight loss, and Gloeophyllum trabeum resulted in a largest flexural properties loss. Substantial declines in MOR and MOE of hem-fir plywood were also observed when the plywood samples were stored under wet conditions over 15 weeks, even in the absence of fungal attack.     

壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防褐腐作用及力学性能

以4年生新伐毛竹为试材,以褐腐菌棉腐卧孔菌为试菌,对壳聚糖铜配合物(CCC)、壳聚糖锌配合物(CZC)及相应的金属盐(氯化锌)和铜铬硼(CCB)、ACQ处理材的耐腐性能、力学性能及胶接性能进行研究.结果表明:1) CCC处理的竹材对棉腐卧孔菌的耐腐性能不及CCB和ACQ处理材;但是,随着CCC处理浓度的增加,处理材耐褐腐性能明显增加,当处理材中金属离子保持量达到5.141 kg·m-3时,腐朽后质量损失低于6.1%.2) CZC处理毛竹试材的耐腐效果低于CCC、CCB和ACQ,略高于氯化锌处理材,当CZC中金属离子保持量高于5.091 kg·m-3时,处理材的质量损失在26.4%～29.0%之间.3) 同素材(未处理材)相比,经防腐剂处理后的竹材力学性能及胶接性能均有不同程度下降,尤其是CCB处理材.在所测指标中,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度下降最明显,横纹抗压强度和胶接强度除CCB外变化不大.     

壳聚糖铜 /锌配合物复配的防白腐效果分析

壳聚糖金属配合物(CMC)是一种环境友好的木材保护剂,根据壳聚糖锌配合物(CZC)对褐腐菌(Poria placenta)的防腐效果优良,而壳聚糖铜配合物(CCC)对白腐菌(Coriolous versicolor)的防腐效果好的特点,本研究将CZC与CCC复配为壳聚糖金属配合物混合液MCMC,进行防白腐试验.结果显示复配后的MCMC,提高了其对木材白腐菌的耐腐能力,防白腐效果与CCA相近.