Bioactivities of caffeic acid methyl ester (methyl-(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate): a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative from Solanum melongena L. fruits

Feeding deterrent and growth inhibitory effects of caffeic acid methyl ester (CME) isolated from the fruit extract of eggplant, Solanum melongena L. along with two known phenolic acids, caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CG) and azadirachtin (taken as active control), were evaluated against Spodoptera litura Fab. and Achaea janata L. (Lep., Noctuidae). The structure of CME was determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (UV, FTIR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR) data analysis. CME has exhibited strong feeding deterrent activity against S. litura and A. janata larvae with ED₅₀ values of 52.02 and 41.02 μg/cm² leaf area, respectively. CA and CG were relatively less effective compounds when compared with CME. The results also revealed that the isolated compound CME caused marked larval growth inhibition in S. litura and A. janata larvae after 7 days of feeding on a treated diet. The effect on growth of larvae was concomitant with the reduced feeding and digestibility of ingested food. So the activities of digestive proteases within the midgut of larvae were examined using specific substrates to understand the digestive physiology in the larval guts. The bulk of the activity was associated with serine proteases comprising trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, and elastase-like enzymes, which decreased in diets containing CME, whereas, interestingly increased with CG. From the results, we conclude that CME isolated from S. melongena fruit extract shows feeding deterrent and larval development inhibitory activities that may prove useful in the management of S. litura and A. janata larvae.     

Dr. L. G. E. Kalshoven (1892-1970) zum Gedächtnis

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

镉胁迫对尾巨桉幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以尾巨桉(DH_32-29)幼苗为试验材料，以植株的生长指标(苗高、地径、叶面积)、生物量、根冠比、氮平衡指数(NBI)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD 值)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和叶绿素荧光参数为指标，通过盆栽试验设置8个10~140 mg·kg^-1浓度镉(Cd)盐溶液处理，研究了不同浓度 Cd 胁迫处理下尾巨桉幼苗的形态和生理特性变化规律。结果显示：低浓度(10 mg·kg^-1)Cd 处理对尾巨桉幼苗的形态和生理特性无明显影响。当 Cd 浓度大于20 mg·kg^-1，随着 Cd浓度的逐渐增大，其对尾巨桉幼苗的伤害程度也逐渐增加，主要表现为：植株生长缓慢、生物量减小、叶绿素相对含量和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、φPSⅡ、NP、NBI)均下降，qP 无明显变化， MDA 含量升高。Cd 浓度大于60 mg·kg^-1以上时，尾巨桉幼苗生长出现一定程度上的损伤症状和生长停滞现象。结果表明低浓度(≤20 mg·kg^-1)Cd处理下尾巨桉幼苗能正常生长，随着浓度的增大，Cd 处理对尾巨桉的形态和生理特性造成显著影响。同时结合部分桉树适生区土壤 Cd 含量调查及相关研究结果认为，尾巨桉具有一定修复 Cd 污染区土壤的潜力。     

环保(E0/E1级)人造板生产的系统解决方案

改革开放20多年来,我国的人造板工业得到了超常规发展。2004年人造板总产量达到5 446．5万m3, 较上年度增长16%,是2000年的2．72倍。我国现已上升为仅次于美国的人造板第二大生产国,同时,从过去的人造板进口大国一举转变为出口大国。但我国     

盐酸中2-(3'-羟基苯基)-4,5-二(2'-羟基苯基)咪唑对低碳钢的缓蚀性能研究

采用失重法及扫描电镜法研究了2-(3'-羟基苯基)-4,5-二(2’羟基苯基)咪唑(HHIP)在1MHCl溶液中对低碳铜的缓蚀作用,并对其缓蚀机理进行了探讨.研究结果表明:在1M HC1溶液中,该缓蚀剂对低碳钢的缓蚀效率可达到90％以上,最佳缓蚀效率达到95.12％,当缓蚀剂浓度为1mmol/L、实验温度为30℃,吸附成膜时间4h,缓蚀效率达最大值,此后基本不变.通过理论计算和分析该缓蚀剂在低碳铜的表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附,且吉布斯自由能显示为自发过程.     

Robert Hartig (1839-1901)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-1,3-二噻茂烷的合成工艺研究

以3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛为原料与1,2-乙二硫醇进行硫缩醛反应合成2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-1,3-二噻茂烷,产物结构通过FT-IR、GC-MS等进行表征。并通过单因素试验对化合物的合成工艺条件进行优化,优化条件后产物得率达98%以上。     

东宁五号梨（牡育68—3）及丰产栽培技术

阐述了东宁五号梨（牡育68－3）的栽培区域在黑龙江省第一积温可低接栽培，第二积温区小气候条件好的山财可低接或高接栽培，必须进行疏果，一个果台留一个果。     

Rindenkrebs der Eßkastanie (Cryphonectria parasitica) in Südwestdeutschland

Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in South-west Germany . In 1992 and 1993, chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) was found in three stands in the south-west of Germany. Each of the three stands has only one compatibility group (vc-group). Two of them (97 and 75 Isolates) belong to the vc-group I. They are compatible with the Swiss vc-group I. The 43 Isolates from the third stand were not compatible with the most common Swiss vc-groups (vc-group I-V). In the German vc-group I, one hypovirulent strain was found.     

Bt cotton and the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in the management of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin

Journal of Pest Science - This study sought to provide relevant information for developing effective programs to manage Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to...     

6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)-5,8-二氢-1,4-萘二酚的合成研究

以月桂烯与对苯醌为原料,合成了萘二酚衍生物,采用GC-MS、熔点测定、红外光谱和1H NMR等手段对实验产物进行了鉴定,确证产物为6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)-5,8-二氢-1,4-萘二酚。利用单因素试验研究了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、溶剂种类、反应温度、反应物物质的量之比和反应时间对产物得率的影响,得到适宜的工艺条件为:n(月桂烯)∶n(对苯醌)1∶1,催化剂为氯化锌,其用量为对苯醌质量的15%,溶剂为乙酸乙酯,反应温度80℃,反应时间10 h。在上述条件下,反应选择性较高,产物得率为81.0%。     

对氨基苯甲磺酰吡咯烷的合成研究

指出了对氨基苯甲磺酰吡咯烷是合成阿莫曲坦药物的关键中间体,以氯苄为原料,经硝化、磺化、氯化、氨解、硝基还原等多步反应得到目标产物,并对各步反应的工艺进行了探索。     

Untersuchungen zur Biologie,Morphologie und Verbreitung von Herpotrichia parasitica (Hartig) E. Rostrup (vormals Trichosphaeria parasitica Hartig)

Studies on the biology, morphology and spread of Herpotrichia parasitica (Hartig) E. Rostrup (formerly Trichosphaeria parasitica Hartig). Part II: Method of infection, hosts and pure culture. H. parasitica (Hartig) E. Rostrup (conidial stage Pyrenocbacta parasitica Preyer et van der Aa) overwinters by means of both types of fruit bodies on the needles of hosts but also by means of mycelium which grows along the under sides of shoots during the growing season, reaches the buds and penetrates under the outer bud scales. Spread of the fungus is thus independent of spores. As well as Abies alba, other silver firs are attacked. Contact infection with mycelium on Picea sitchensis was also observed. Studies with pycnospores showed that germination on needles of host species varied with humidity. In culture the fungus grew best on 2 % malt agar, pH 6 at 21°C.     

Genetic variation of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Rodopi (N.E. Greece)

The recent taxonomic classification of beech in Europe considers existence of one species (Fagus sylvatica L.) with two subspecies: F. sylvatica ssp. sylvatica and F. sylvatica ssp. orientalis. Four beech populations growing on the Greek part of the Rodopi Mountains were studied using morphological traits as well as DNA molecular markers (AFLPs and chloroplast DNA SSR). The aim of the study was to describe the variation patterns of beech in the Rodopi Mountains and to test the hypothesis of possible introgression between the beech subspecies’ sylvatica and orientalis in this area. Both morphological traits and gene markers revealed a possible influence of F. orientalis on the east side of Rodopi and at the low elevations, while characters resembling F. sylvatica were observed mainly on the western part of the mountains and in higher altitudes. There was a clinal increase of genetic diversity from the west to the east, reaching a level firstly reported for beech populations. These results can be explained either by the existence of a main refugial area for beech during the last glaciation or by the occurrence of a recent hybridization among the subspecies, which were spatially isolated during the last glaciation and came into reproductive contact during their postglacial remigration. These two scenarios are not necessarily mutually exclusive.     

1-(3,4,5三-甲氧基苯甲酰基)-苯并三唑的合成研究

以3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸为原料,酰氯化后与苯并三氮唑反应合成了1-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰基)-苯并三唑,对其合成工艺进行了优化选择,得到了较佳的合成工艺。结果表明:以二氯甲烷为溶剂,三乙胺为催化剂,苯并三唑、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰氯和三乙胺的物质的量之比为1∶1∶1.2,0℃加料,在20℃下反应3 h,得率可达99%以上。     

Heinrich Kemper (1902-1969) zum Gedäachtnis

Ohne Zusammenfassung