不同造林密度马尾松生长轮特性及其径向变异

研究了５种造林密度,１５年生马尾松生长轮特性,包括生长轮宽度,晚材率和管胞列数及其径向变异规律。结果表明：造林密度对马尾松生长轮宽度,晚材率和管胞列数的影响较大,经方差分析达到统计学的显著水平,造林密度与生长轮宽度和管胞列数成反相关关系,与晚材率成正相关关系。同时,年龄对生长轮宽度、晚材率和管胞列数的影响亦显著,且符合一般规律。但不同造林;密度生长轮特性差异显著程度不同,较低和较高的造林密度各生长     

马尾松纸浆林造林密度对木材性质的影响

本文研究了龙里林场5种造林密度，15年生马尾松纸浆林木材基干密度和管胞形态。结果表明：造林密度对木材基本密度影响不大，但具明显的趋势，即一定造林密度条件下，木材基本密度随造林密度增加而增加，造林密度对管胞形态的影响，表现出因年龄而异，不同造林密度马尾松管胞形态总平均值变化不大，但管胞长度随树龄的增大而增加的趋势，受到造林密度影响，较低的造林密度各生长轮管胞形态差异不显著。管胞长度频率分布具一定的规律，中等长度（2501－3500um)管胞长度频率分布最大，占总频率的45％－74．19％，随着造林密度加大，中等长度的管胞增加，较短管胞长度（≤2500um)减少。     

施肥对中龄马尾松木材主要物理性质和管胞形态的影响

采用正交设计方差分析方法,研究了施肥对中龄马尾松木材主要物理性质和管胞形态的影响.结果表明施肥有助于增加生长轮宽度,提高晚材率,但经正交设计方差分析差异不显著.P肥使管胞宽度、腔径,尤其是径向腔径有所增加,但各处理间差异不显著.因此,可以认为施肥对管胞形态影响不大.施肥对木材基本密度的影响较复杂,似乎与肥料种类、施肥量,甚至与树干部位有关,P肥使下部木材基本密度显著增加,N、K肥对木材基本密度影响不大.     

造林密度对马尾松林分生长木材造纸特性及经济效益的影响

贵州省龙里林场松造林密度试验林１５年的试验结果表明,密度对树高生长无明显影响;平均胸径、单株材积随密度的增加而减小,高径比和蓄积量则随密度的增大而增加,不同处理间的差异从６￣８年起达到显著或极显著水平。小径原木出材率随密度的增大明显降低,短小原木和薪材的出材率及出材量均随密度的增大而增加,各处理间的差异达到极显著水平。木材生长轮宽度随造林密度的增加而减小,晚材率和木材基本密度大体上随密度的增高而增     

3个马尾松种源材性差异及相关性

以马尾松(Pinus massoniana)桐棉、古蓬、容县等3个种源为对象,比较了年轮宽度、晚材率、管胞形态、木材基本密度等指标的差异,并通过这些指标的相关关系导出了各个种源的密度回归模型。结果表明:种源间的年轮宽度和晚材率无显著差异且变异系数较大,其中容县种源年轮宽度最大,古蓬种源最小;容县种源平均晚材率最低,桐棉种源平均晚材率最高。种源间的管胞形态(管胞壁厚、管孔面积)和木材基本密度有显著差异,其中,容县种源的早材壁厚最厚,管孔面积最小,桐棉种源早材壁厚最薄,管孔面积最大;古蓬种源晚材壁厚最厚,管孔面积最小,容县种源晚材壁厚最薄,管孔面积与其他两个种源的平均值相似。古蓬种源平均基本密度最大为0.519 g/cm~3。上述材性指标间的相关性达显著或极显著水平。基于此,导出了以木材密度为因变量,考虑晚材率的管胞壁厚和管孔面积为自变量的三元三次方程回归模型,3个种源回归模型平均拟合度高于73%。     

人工林马尾松木材性质的变异

本文研究了广西人工林马尾松木材性质的变异及幼龄材与成熟材的差异。结果表明 ,幼龄材与成熟材的分界年龄在 14　 16a ,解剖性质在径向上的变异规律为 :射线比量、树脂道比量、胞壁率、胞腔直径、胞壁厚、管胞长度、管胞宽度和晚材壁腔比是自髓心向外呈递增趋势 ,管胞比量和晚材率为递减趋势 ,早材壁腔比和早材腔径比则近似于一条直线。方差分析结果表明 :树脂道比量、胞壁率、胞壁厚、管胞长度和管胞宽度 ,幼龄材与成熟材差异达显著或极显著水平。 5项木材物理力学性质均为成熟材高于幼龄材 ,且均达差异显著水平。木材性质间的相关分析表明 :木材基本密度与管胞长度、管胞宽度、射线比量、树脂道比量、胞壁率呈显著的正相关关系 ,木材气干密度与抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度也呈显著的正相关关系     

马尾松木材基本密度、管胞长度遗传变异规律及其与生长量、产脂力的相关性研究

对马尾松15年生半同胞家系子代林的木材研究表明:木材密度、管胞长度地点变异性存在显著差异,主要由个体变异引起,占总变异的61．52％和78．32％。家系均值折线图显示,不同地区木材的基本密度、管胞长度层次明显。基本密度、管胞长度广义遗传力中等,分别为33．37％和19．69％,单株遗传力小。木材密度与产脂力、高径生长呈显著的正相关(相关系数分别为0．108 1,0．185 8,0．105 6),认为选择同时具有产脂力高、生长量大以及材质优良的马尾松半同胞家系或个体是可能的。     

贵州马尾松人工林木材物理力学性质研究

本文对贵州林科院试验林场生长的人工林马尾松木材物理力学性质进行了测定，并与贵州产45年树龄的天然林木材的主要强度指标作了比较。结果表明：人工林马尾松木材基本密度、全干缩率、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量在幼龄材与成熟材之间存在显著差异。而人工林与天然林之间的木材密度和主要强度指标差异不大。     

日本落叶松无性系木材性质的遗传变异

对10个10年生日本落叶松无性系的木材基本密度、管胞参数进行了测定.结果表明:木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞宽度和早材长宽比无性系间差异显著;木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞长度,早晚材管胞宽度和早晚材长宽比径向变异模式相似,即从髓心向外以曲线形式不断增加,有时亦有起伏;早材从髓心向外以近似直线的形式缓慢增加,晚材从髓心向外以曲线形式增加,初期增加幅度较大,到一定年龄后趋于水平变化并略有波动;材质性状与树木年轮间的关系以对数方程、幂函数方程、指数方程拟合效果较好;除了晚材壁腔比和早材壁厚外,其它木材性质的重复力均在0.5以上,受中度或中度以上的遗传制约,按照20%的选择率,长宽比和晚材管胞长能获得较高的遗传增益.     

不同种源火炬松和湿地松木材基本密度和管胞长度的变异

对1984年种植在广西和浙江的22个种源的火炬松及在浙江的8个种源的湿地松的木材密度和管胞长度进行了测定和分析。结果表明,两个树种的木材密度和管胞长度在种源间和种源内单株间均表现出显著差异,但株间差异较种源间差异显著得多。不同地区火炬松的差异较之同一地区不同种源间的差异更为显著。种源、地区的交互作用对火炬松的木材密度和管胞长度都表现出显著影响,种源和单株的交互作用对两个树种的木材密度也有显著影响。两个树种的木材材性与年轮宽度之间没有显著的相关关系。与马尾松和早期引种的火炬松、湿地松比较表明,用新引进的材料可选育出木材材质更为优良的品种。     

Variation pattern of wood properties of naturalCunninghamia lanceolata

In this paper, the variation pattern of wood properties was studied for naturalCunninghamia lanceolata. The mathematical models of property parameters were obtained on tracheid length, microfibril angle, late wood percentage, growth ring width and growth ring density in the radial direction. The interrelation were analyzed between tracheid length and microfibril angle. The result can provide scientific theory basis for wood utilization and early prediction of wood properties.     

Variation in density of Picea sitchensis in relation to within-tree trends in tracheid diameter and wall thickness

The influences of cambial age and ring width on density of Sitkaspruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) were analysed in relationto within-tree trends in tracheid diameter and cell wall thickness.Discs were sampled at breast height from a total of 24 trees,from seven stands at three contrasting sites in Wales, and atbreast height, 30 per cent and 60 per cent total tree heightfrom one of the stands. Across the juvenile wood, ring density decreased with ring numberfrom the pith while radial tracheid diameter increased. Theseoverall trends were considered to be inherent to tree growth,presumably associated with cambial ageing, since they occurredin all trees on all sites. In juvenile wood, density also variedwith site growth rate (as indicated by ring width) at similarcambial age, wider rings being associated with more rapidrateof change in tracheid diameter with ring number and with decreasein tracheid wall thickness. Consequently, on a site having treeswith high growth rate density decreased more rapidly acrossthe juvenile wood, down to a lower minimum value, than on siteswith a slower growth rate. In mature wood, the decrease in densitywith increase in ring width was associated with differencesin both tracheid diameter and wall thickness. Density was slightly(though not significantly) higher at breast height than in comparablerings at 30 per cent total height, associated with significantlythicker tracheid walls at breast height. Changes in radial tracheid diameter (with ring number, or withring width) were associated with greater differences in theearlywood than towards the latewood end of each growth ring,while variations in wall thickness with ring width were associatedwith rate of increase in wall thickness towards the latewoodend. This may account for some previously conflicting reportson influence of silvicultural management on density, for densityis likely to vary with influence of environment on the seasonalcycle of cambial activity. The extent of the juvenile wood as delimited by the inner coreof wide growth rings does not necessarily correspond to theregion of varying tracheid dimensions in Sitka spruce.     

VARIATION PATTERN OF WOOD PROPERTIES OF NATURALCUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA

m0DUCYIONCunninghaniahaceolataisoneofmalnusedwoodspeciesinSouthernChina.ItPOs-sessesthecharactenshcsofhighadaPabilityandwideuhlity.WoodscienhstshavedonemorereaearchingworkonthegrOwingcharac-tenshcsandwoodPhysicalPropeniesofPlantedCunninghamiaboceolata,butlessonthewoodPropeniesvanahonpatternofnatUralCunninghtzmiahaceolata.ThewoodpropeniesandtheircorrelahonofCunn~oriahaceolatainnatUralforestwerestudiedinordertoProviderelevamtech-mqueparametersofitsPeffochonanduhliza-tion.nsThunSAunare…     

不同营养元素的施肥处理对马尾松近熟林木材基本性质的影响

研究了 4种不同营养元素的施肥处理对马尾松近熟林木材基本性质的影响。结果表明 ,在不同施肥处理后的同一年中 ,N、P、K、NPK施肥处理对木材管胞长、宽及基本密度的影响不同 ,同一施肥处理在不同年度中 ,对上述性质的影响亦异 ,总之 ,无明显变化规律。方差分析表明 4个施肥处理与无施肥处理的管胞长、宽及基本密度差异均不显著 ,生长轮宽度与管胞形态和基本密度都不显著相关。     

Effects of radial growth rate on selected indices for juvenile and mature wood of the Japanese larch

To examine the differences between juvenile and mature wood, 12 aged sample trees from two areas of Nagano Prefecture were harvested; and the radial development of tracheid length, the ring density, and the relation of the radial growth rate (observed by ring width) with some selected indices of ring structure were investigated. The results proved that the radial variation of tracheid length with ring number can be described by a logarithmic formula, and both plantations reached the demarcation of juvenile and mature wood at age 18. With the segmented regression method, we also analyzed radial variation of mean density and found that the demarcation of juvenile and mature wood was at age 15 for sample trees from Saku and at age 21 for those from Yabuhara. By using the results of estimates from juvenile and mature wood based on ring density, we found that high growth rates resulted when producing lower-density wood during the juvenile period, but these rates did not occur during the mature period. The basic reason for this phenomenon is the variation in patterns of earlywood and latewood in juvenile and mature wood, respectively. This result advised us that when managing plantations of Japanese larch it is necessary to take different measurements at different growth periods.     

造林密度对杂种落叶松生长与材性的影响

采用SAS、SPSS等软件分析了4种造林密度(2 500、3 300、4 400、6 600株/hm2)对杂种落叶松的生长、木材密度、纤维长度、纤维宽度及纤维素含量的影响。结果表明:造林密度对杂种落叶松的生长影响非常显著,对纤维长度、宽度影响显著(P<0.05),对木材密度和纤维素含量影响不显著。11年生杂种落叶松的平均纤维长度为2.52 mm,平均宽度为40.56μm,长宽比平均值为64.88,纤维素的平均含量为50.41%。     

不同湿地松种源木材材性遗传变异的研究

本文对浙江省长乐林场的湿地松 (Pinuselliottii) 18个种源的木材性质进行测定与分析。结果表明 ,种源间木材气干密度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度差异极显著 ;管胞长度与宽度、冲击韧性差异显著 ,而管胞壁厚及胞壁率差异不显著 ;种源内木材气干密度、力学强度及胞壁率差异不显著 ,管胞长、宽和壁厚的差异均显著且高于种源间的差异。实验结果表明在种源水平上 ,进行木材气干密度、力学强度和管胞形态的种源选择 ,可取得良好的效果 ;种源内个体管胞形态 (管胞长、宽和壁厚 )变异大于种源间的差异 ,表明湿地松种源材质改良如在种源选择基础上进行个体改良会取得更好的增益。 18个种源木材管胞长度及宽度、管胞壁厚、胞壁率的广义遗传力分别为 :0 36 15、0 5 993、0 74 73、0 16 98;木材气干密度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度与冲击韧性的广义遗传力分别为 :0 4 14 2、0 2 6 4 6、0 10 82、0 2 977和 0 12 4 6 ;种源树高及胸径的广义遗传力为 :0 4 0 5 7和 0 4 74 7;说明湿地松种源木材管胞性状、木材气干密度及树木生长性状 (胞壁率除外 )受中度或弱度遗传控制 ,通过一定强度的选择 ,能获得较高的遗传增益。本研究还从树木生长性状与管胞形态、力学强度方面对 18个种源进     

Basic density,longitudinal shrinkage and tracheid length of juvenile wood of Picea abies (L.) Karst

Variation in the growth ring width, basic density, longitudinal shrinkage and tracheid length was investigated in the juvenile wood of Norway spruce samples taken from different heights in the stem. Annual height increments were cut from the ten youngest shoots from trees of three different heights. By this method the properties of an individual growth ring could be analysed without taking samples from each ring. Sixteen tree tops of an average stem height of 8, 15 and 25 m were analysed. Basic density was low in the first shoot, highest in the second or third one and decreased gradually thereafter. Longitudinal shrinkage was highest close to the pith and decreased to about 0.2% in the outer rings. Tracheids were only ca. 1 mm long close to the pith and their length increased sharply towards the tenth shoot. The properties of juvenile wood varied with the height in the stem. Longitudinal shrinkage around the pith seemed to increase with increasing height and basic density was highest at 25 m stem height. The applicability of the method for the calculation of basic density and tracheid length in individual growth rings close to the pith is discussed.     

火炬松不同种源纸浆材材性的变异

1983年火炬松31个种源引种栽培在浙江富阳中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所实验林场,研究表明该批种源间10年生树木生长量和纸浆材材性因子如晚材率、管胞形态特征值(管胞长度、宽度、腔径、壁厚、长宽比、腔径比、壁腔比)、管胞S2层微纤丝角和木材基本密度存在着显著差异,木材主要化学成分中纤维素和木素含量种源间存在着显著差异,而戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量种源间差异不显著.这些材性特征除了木材化学性状因子外,均受中等以上程度遗传控制.木材纤维素、木素、戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量的广义遗传力分别为0.088、0.003、0.340和0.307,其余性状广义遗传力均大于0.50.引种地栽培环境对木材性状有显著影响.种源原产地纬度与树木生长量、管胞宽度、管胞直径和管胞微纤丝角呈负相关,与晚材率、木材密度呈正相关.31个种源树木胸高直径与管胞长宽比、管胞壁腔比、木材密度呈显著负相关,与管胞宽度、管胞直径、管胞腔径比呈正相关.