三种树种木纤维的漆酶活化胶合

通过测定经漆酶活化处理后的思茅松、枫香和杉木纤维制成的纤维板的内结合强度,对木纤维活化后的胶合性能进行了比较.结果显示:在相同条件下进行漆酶活化处理,不同树种木纤维的自身胶合性能有一定差别,可能与其木素含量有关;不同树种木纤维进行酶活化反应时介质最佳pH值均在酸性范围,但略有差别.     

漆酶活化木素磺酸盐条件对胶合板强度的影响

采用漆酶活化木素或其磺酸盐制备胶黏剂用于人造板生产,可以消除游离甲醛的污染问题。以漆酶、工业木素及其磺酸盐、杨木为原料,在处理时间分别为30、45、60min,pH值分别为3．5、4．5、5．5,温度20℃条件下,分别以漆酶处理工业木素、木素磺酸钠和木素磺酸铵三种底物制备胶黏剂,然后在热压时间30min,压力4．5～5MPa,热压温度150℃条件下生产杨木胶合板。结果表明,除漆酶木素磺酸钠胶合体系外,漆酶木素和漆酶木素磺酸铵的胶合体系的胶合板胶合强度均达到并超过国家Ⅲ类胶合板的要求。     

漆酶活化木材产生活性氧类自由基的处理条件研究

自由基对漆酶活化木材产生胶合力起着关键性的作用。通过试验分析反应体系pH值、处理温度、酶用量、处理时间及树种等因子，对漆酶处理木粉产生的活性氧类自由基的相对浓度的影响。研究结果表明：5个因子均对活性氧类自由基相对浓度有极显著影响。当采用思茅松心材木粉、处理4h、反应体系pH值为4、酶用量为1．5u／g木粉、处理温度为60℃时，漆酶活化木材产生的活性氧类自由基的相对浓度最高。     

漆酶处理条件对枫香湿法纤维板强度的影响

为消除人造板的游离甲醛污染,开发一种无胶人造板生产工艺,以漆酶和枫香纤维为原料,进行纤维板的工艺研究.以湿法生产纤维板,并检测板材的内结合强度(IB),结果表明:漆酶处理纤维板的IB值高于对照板;处理温度、时间和酶用量对纤维板的IB均有显著影响;最佳处理条件为pH 3.0,50 ℃,2 h,20 U/g纤维.     

半纤维素酶/漆酶协同预处理工艺对竹刨花自生胶合性能的影响

研究半纤维素酶和漆酶的酶用量、缓冲溶液pH值、处理温度和时间对竹材自生胶合刨花板内结合强度的影响,结果表明:半纤维素酶/漆酶预处理主要参数对竹刨花自生胶合性能有不同程度影响,酶用量影响最显著。优化预处理参数为:处理温度60～70℃,半纤维素酶用量约500IU/g,缓冲溶液pH为9,处理时间45min,漆酶用量约30IU/g,缓冲溶液pH=3～4,处理时间120min。该结论可为半纤维素酶/漆酶协同预处理竹刨花制造自生胶合刨花板提供理论指导。     

漆酶活化处理对木材自由基变化的影响

漆酶是一种氧化还原酶,能催化许多有机化合物和少数无机离子进行反应,具有降解木素,可与有毒的酚类物质作用,使苯氧基类除草剂、石油工业废水去除毒性等作用,近年来在造纸、饮料加工、环保等方面得到广泛的研究与应用(Yaropolov et al.,1994),其中可以利用漆酶活化处理,使木材中的木质素活化,产生胶合作用,用来黏结木纤维或木刨花,生产人造板.国外对漆酶活化处理木材已经进行了较多的研究,并取得了一定进展(曹永建等,2005).     

NaOH活化工艺对MDI轻质纤维板性能影响的研究

为制取高性能MDI轻质纤维板,采用NaOH对木纤维进行活化处理,再热压制成轻质纤维板,通过分析活化工艺对板材性能的影响,确定较优活化工艺。结果标明:对纤维进行活化处理后,纤维表面-OH数量明显增加,制得板材物理力学性能明显提高,活化工艺最佳条件:活化温度155℃,NaOH用量3%,m纤维∶m水=6∶1,制得板材内结合强度0.47MPa,静曲强度22.17MPa,弹性模量2 324MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率9.16%,均达到国标要求。     

酶在木材胶合中的应用

介绍了酶用于木材胶合的研究及进展。利用酶可直接活化木纤维或木刨花中的木素使其自身胶合，也可使酶与制浆过程中分离出来的木素反应，得到与酚类化合物类似的胶粘剂，用以胶合木纤维或木刨花。利用酶催化氧化木素的途径生产人造板，无污染且安全可靠。     

漆酶处理对未漂硫酸盐浆抗张强度和纤维表面的影响

探讨了漆酶处理对未漂硫酸盐浆抗张强度的影响,研究了漆酶处理的主要工艺参数对纸页湿抗张强度的影响;并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对漆酶处理前后纤维表面微细结构的变化进行了研究。结果表明,漆酶可以改善纸浆的湿抗张强度,但对于抗张强度不起作用;提高纸浆湿强度的最佳酶促反应条件为:酶用量16U(以每克绝干浆计),温度45℃,pH值4.5,处理时间2h。扫描电镜分析表明,漆酶处理使得纤维表面变得粗糙,纤维之间产生了黏结性,湿强度得以提高。     

碱木素-大豆蛋白胶黏剂在胶合板中的应用研究

探讨了一种新型木素基无醛胶黏剂在三层杨木胶合板中的应用。为了探究经活化还原处理后的碱木素与大豆蛋白共混制备生物质胶黏剂的工艺,以胶合板的胶合强度为性能指标.采用单因素实验,对漆酶加入量、碱木素,大豆蛋白共混比例、热压温度和热压时间等因素对其影响进行了研究。结果表明.最优工艺参数为:漆酶加入量为木质素的3/5,碱木素一大豆蛋白共混比例1:1,热压温度130℃,热压时间10 min,且此碱木素一大豆蛋白胶合体系的胶合强度达到并超过国家Ⅱ类胶合板的要求。     

Effects of laccase incubated from white rot fungi on the mechanical properties of fiberboard

White rot fungi were optimized to cultivate highly active laccase. The characteristics of laccase incubated by continuous culture were compared with those of direct culture. The enzyme activity of laccase incubated by continuous culture technology reached a higher value on the fifth day of the growth. The optimization incubation time of high activity laccase was the eleventh day. A large amount of highly active laccase can be obtained in a relatively short time by continuous culture to replace traditional laccase. After laccase treatment, the lignin composition of wood fibers were oxidation-catalyzed by laccase. The number of chemical-bonding points between the wood fibers was increased. The wood fibers treated by laccase were fabricated into boards and their mechanical properties improved with the laccase-incubation times.Compared with the fiberboards made from fibers that were pre-treated by laccase of incubation 5 days, the static bending strength of those that were pre-treated by laccase of incubation 11 days was increased by 18.95%, the elastic modulus was increased by 35.49%, and the internal bond strength was increased by 44.11%.     

Medium-density fiberboard performance as affected by wood fiber acidity, bulk density, and size distribution

The properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels as affected by wood fiber characteristics were investigated. Wood chips from three softwood and one hardwood species were refined under the same refining conditions to make four different types of fibers. The resulting fibers were characterized by fiber size distribution, bulk density, pH value, and buffering capacity. Using the same resin system and hot-pressing parameters, MDF panels were produced and evaluated for internal bonding (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), thickness swelling, and linear expansion. The pH values and alkaline buffering capacities of raw materials were reduced considerably after refining. IB was strongly related to the pH value of fibers. The mechanical properties increased with alkaline buffering capacity. IB, MOR, and MOE increased with the bulk density of fibers. Increased proportions of coarse fibers had negative effects on the panel mechanical properties.     

Effects of Metal Ions and EDTA on Free Radical Reaction Intermediates of Laccase-catalyzed Oxidation of Wood Powder from Szemao Pine

INTRODUCTIONLaccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is multicopper oxidase catalyzing oxidation of various phenolic compounds, aromatic amines, and even certain inorganic compounds by a one-electron transfer mechanism. The electron withdrawn from the substrates is transferred via four copper atoms to molecular oxygen (Messerschmidt 1997). Laccase is very common in nature, especially in plants and fungi (Gianfreda et al. 1999). Fungal laccases participate in plant pathogenesis, pigment production and ligni…     

Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia

The objective of this study was to determine some of the properties of experimental particleboard panels made from low-quality paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa). Chemical properties including holocellulose, cellulose, lignin contents, water solubility, and pH level of the wood were also analyzed. Three-layer experimental panels were manufactured with two density levels using urea–formaldehyde as a binder. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), screw-holding strength, thickness swelling, and surface roughness of the specimens were evaluated. Panels with densities of 0.65 g/cm³ and manufactured using a 7-min press time resulted in higher mechanical properties than those of made with densities of 0.55 g/cm³ and press times of 5 min. Based on the initial findings of this study, it appears that higher values of solubility and lignin content of the raw material contributed to better physical and mechanical properties of the experimental panels. All types of strength characteristics of the samples manufactured from underutilized low-quality paulownia wood met the minimum strength requirements of the European Standards for general uses.     

Utilisation of wood biomass residues from fruit tree branches,evergreen hardwood shrubs and Greek fir wood as raw materials for particleboard production. Part A. Mechanical properties

This paper investigates the potential of utilising wood biomass from fruit tree branches and evergreen hardwood shrubs as raw materials in the production of particleboards when mixed with Greek fir wood particles. The main mechanical properties of the boards made therefrom were determined and compared with those made of typical industrial wood (IW) particles. The highest modulus of rupture and elasticity (30.0 N/mm² and 4330 N/mm², respectively) in bending and screw withdrawal (SW) resistance (127.8 N/mm) were reported for boards made of Greek fir and were downgraded when the fruit tree branches or evergreen hardwood shrub particles also participated. The participation of fruit tree branch particles in proportions higher than 50% improved the internal bond (IB) of fir produced boards, while the highest IB strength (0.95 N/mm²) was reported for boards made of fruit tree branches. Particleboards made of evergreen hardwood shrubs showed inferior mechanical properties compared with those made of IW particles. The latter also showed superior bending strength but inferior SW resistance compared with boards made of fruit tree branches. Hygroscopic and other properties are under determination and will be presented and discussed in the second part of the work.     

广宁县竹香骨下脚料制备竹碎料刨花板及其复合改性研究

采用竹香骨下脚料为原料,以脲醛树脂和三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂制备竹碎料刨花板,并与木纤维复合改性,检测并分析了内结合强度、静曲强度、弹性模量和吸水性。结果表明,在热压温度为160℃时,竹碎料板和竹木复合碎料板的物理力学性能均满足国标规定在干燥状态下使用的普通用板要求。当木纤维与竹碎料复合后,复合板材的静曲强度和弹性模量有一定程度提高,但内结合强度降低。     

平面密度分布对刨花板内结合强度的影响

平面密度变异是非单板类木质人造板所共有的一种结构现象 ,其变异程度和分布特征对板材性能有一定影响。本文利用单板条模拟 4种具有不同平面密度分布的刨花板 ,讨论了随机铺装刨花板坯模型的平面密度分布规律及试件大小与密度分布的关系 ,分析了密度以及平面密度分布对非单板类木质人造板内结合强度的影响。结果表明 :随机铺装刨花板的平面密度遵循正态分布规律 ;内结合强度受密度影响较大 ,密度增加有助于内结合强度提高 ,但密度过高将导致内结合强度下降 ;试件大小影响试件之间密度变异程度 ,适当增加试件尺寸 ,可降低内接合强度测试结果的离散性。     

Effects of Horizontal Density Distribution on Internal Bond Strength of Flakeboard

Along with the worldwide decrease of round woodwith high quality and large diameter day by day, theoutput of lumber and plywood used in constructionis declining year by year. But the market demand forcomposites keeps rising. Non-veneer woodcomposites (Oriented Strand Board, Flakeboard,Medium Density Fiberboard) will be the mainstreamof composites in the future. At present, OrientedStrand Board and structural flakeboard have to a largedegree replaced structural plywood in buildingconstructi…     

Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) stalks and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood particles

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of particleboard manufactured from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) stalks and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood. The manufacturing parameters were various roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) ratios in the mixture (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and press time (3, 5 and 7 min). Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) strength values and thickness swelling (TS) after 24-hour water soaking of the panels were determined according to the procedure of European Union (EN) Standard. The results of the study demonstrate that roselle stalks can be an alternative raw material source for particleboard industry. With an increase of roselle particles from 0% to 100%, the TS was reduced, and the IB, MOR and MOE were increased. The highest MOE, MOR, IB strength and TS values of the samples were found as 2754.18, 16.81, 0.89 N/mm² and 15.26% for the panels made using 100% roselle with a 7-min press time, respectively.