Study on the parasitoids ofPissodes nitidus Roel

A systematic observation and intensive study on the parasitoids ofPissodes nitidus were made in Langxiang and Xin'qing Forestry Bureau in Xiaoing'an Mountain area in 1996–1999, including the diagnosis, life history, biological characteristics ofEurytoma sp. and parasitoid complex ofPissodes nitidus. There were about 70 species of parasitoids onPissodes nitidus, including Eurytomidae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae etc. Among them,Eurytoma sp. is a dominant species and a braconid,Ipobracon sp. is a subdominant species, and they play an important role in controlling the pest. Biography: HU Chun-xiang (1955-), male, Associate professor in Forest Resources and Environment Collage of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

松黄星象的危险性综合评价

根据森林有害生物松黄星象Pissodes nitidus Roelofs的生物学特性，从该虫的潜在危险性、寄主的经济重要性等方面，采用有害生物危险性分析方法，对该害虫进行了有害生物危险性综合评价。评价结果认为松黄星象属中度危险的森林有害生物，建议列为补充检疫对象，以控制其传播蔓延。     

黑龙江省红松林主要害虫及防治技术

论述了黑龙江省红松林主要害虫的种类、分类地位、危害部位以及危害程度,共包括5个目14科36种。其中,枝梢及球果害虫松梢象、冷杉梢斑螟、微红梢斑螟以及食叶害虫落叶松毛虫是黑龙江省红松林的最主要害虫。同时,还提出了黑龙江省红松林主要害虫的综合防治技术措施。     

松梢象甲生物学特性及发生规律的研究

分析了松梢象甲的生物学特性及对松树的危害程度,提出几种防御性控制措施。     

华山松木蠹象为害特性的初步研究

经对华山松木蠹象历时２年的调查和试验研究，初步了解了华山松木蠹象的分布、寄主域、为害特性、为害方式及为害部位。结果表明：该虫在滇东北、滇南、滇中及滇西地区均有分布；其寄主主要是松科的多种树种，该虫具有为害致死速度快，扩散蔓延速度快，只为害健康植株，成虫羽化历期长，防治难度大的特点。本项研究为制定一套经济有效的华山松木蠹象综合防治措施打下了基础。     

松梢象甲幼虫龄数及发育历期的研究

2005~2007年间,在黑龙江省朗乡林业局采用林间定期取样调查的方法,通过测量不同发育阶段幼虫的头宽,确定了松梢象甲幼虫的龄数;通过统计各龄幼虫数量和发育进度,用期距法确定了各龄幼虫发生盛期,并为当地松梢象甲的生产防治提出了最佳防治时间。     

竹叶涓夜蛾寄生性天敌研究

报道了竹叶涓夜蛾Rivula biatomea(Moore)寄生性天敌23种，其中小蜂13种，姬蜂3种。茧蜂4种，细蜂1种，寄蝇1种，真菌(白僵菌)1种；广赤眼蜂、涓夜蛾绒茧蜂、广大腿小蜂分别为卵期、幼虫期和蛹期的天敌优势种，其最高寄生率分别为30％、80％65％。天敌优势种的数量占寄生性天敌昆虫的80％以上，对害虫的控制起着非常重要的作用。     

赣东北地区的松毛虫卵寄生蜂综述

赣东北地区的松毛虫卵寄生蜂有 1 5种 ,其中有 3种是近年发表的新种。调查分析表明 ,赤眼蜂、黑卵蜂和平腹小蜂是主要类群 ;平腹小蜂属的白跗平腹小蜂是优势种。思茅松毛虫的卵寄生率明显高于马尾松毛虫 ,主要是个体大、寄生力强的平腹小蜂和金小蜂的寄生量大。若能造成多种卵寄生蜂及其它天敌增加的趋势 ,控制松毛虫成灾是完全可能的。     

Morphological and biological investigation of two pioneer Ips bark beetles in natural spruce forests in Qinghai Province, northwest China

Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers and Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun were found. I. nitidus occurs naturally in northwest China. I. shangrila is a new species in the world. In the past, it was confused with I. mannsfeldi Wachtl in China. The damage of these two Ips species has been very severe in Maixiu and the morphological and bio-logical characteristics were studied. I. nitidus starts to fly in early May and prefers the mid to lower part of the host tree to colonize as its habitat. I. shangrila always infests from the top of the trunk, especially in branches larger than 3 cm in diameter in the crowns and sometimes even colonizes entire young trees. The two Ips species are the most destructive secondary bark beetles on P. crassifolia and always cause mortality of trees by their cooperation.     

Seasonal parasitism of cereal aphids in a Mediterranean arable crop system

We monitored winter cereal fields in a Mediterranean arable crop system to obtain information about the aphid parasitoid species composition and the aphid–parasitoid interactions through the whole cropping cycle. Nine species of aphid primary parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) were identified. The most abundant species were Aphidius rhopalosiphi, Aphidius matricariae, Aphidius ervi and Lysiphlebus testaceipes. The genus Aphelinus sp. (Hym., Aphelinidae) was also identified. We determined seasonal host–parasitoid associations over the entire cereal crop cycle. A number of new such associations were recorded, which were previously unknown in Spain and Europe. Our results indicated broad associations of L. testaceipes and A. matricariae with cereal aphids; furthermore, the association of Aphelinus sp. with several cereal aphid species was also substantial. In the NE of the Iberian Peninsula, the cereal aphid parasitoids that we identified are able to develop throughout the crop season on one or more host species. Thus, the main aphid species can be parasitized effectively throughout the entire cereal crop cycle. We discuss the role of cereal aphid parasitoids in the region in the context of our experimental results.     

Chalcidoid parasitoids of Chromatomyia horticola (Gour.) (Dip. Agromyzidae) in Sivas Province, Turkey

Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau, 1851) (Diptera Agromyzidae) is a polyphagous species and very common worldwide. In this study, parasitoids of Chromatomyia horticola were investigated on various plants during 2003 in the Sivas province. Infested leaves were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminers and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were reared belonging to Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea). Diglyphus iseae (Walker), Pediobius metallicus (Nees) and Diglyphus pachyneurus Graham represent the predominant parasitoid species. Among the parasitoids reared, Aprostocetus flavifrons (Walker), Merismus sp., and Chrysocharis crassiscapus (Thomson) have been newly recorded in Turkey and Aprostocetus flavifrons, Chrysocharis crassiscapus, Diglyphus pachyneurus Graham, and Merismus sp. were recorded for the first time from C. horticola.     

红松木蠹象生物学特性及幼虫化学防治的研究

红松木蠹象是在白石山林区新发现的一种危害红松干、枝部害虫。本文对其生物生态学特性进行了详细的观察研究，同时也开展了对该虫幼虫期的化学防治试验。其结果红松被害率由30％下降为6％；虫口密度由38头／株下降为21头／株，幼虫化学防治效果达83％。     

Studies on the parasitoids of Gelechia senticetella (Stgr.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Bulgaria

The parasitoids of Gelechia senticetella (Stgr.) (Lepid.: Gelechiidae), a pest of Juniperus excelsa M.?B., were studied in the “Tissata” reserve in Bulgaria. They were reared in laboratory conditions from pest larvae and pupae collected in 1991, 1992 and 2000. As a result of this study, 16 species of parasitoids of G. senticetella were recorded: Habrobracon stabilis Wesm., Hormius moniliatus (Nees), Phanerotoma tritoma Marsh. (Hym.: Braconidae), Diadegma consumptor (Grav.), Liotryphon cydiae (Perk.), Scambus pomorum (Ratz.), Scambus foliae (Cush.), Pimpla turionellae (L.), Eudelus simillimus (Tasch.), Mesochorus sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), Sympiesis acalle Walk., Aprostocetus sp. (Hym.: Eulophidae), Eupelmus urozonus Dalm. (Hym.: Eupelmidae), Copidosoma thompsoni Merc. (Hym.: Encyrtidae), Calliprymna bisetosa Grah., and Mesopolobus sp. (Hym.: Pteromalidae). H. stabilis and P. tritoma were discovered as new species for the fauna of Bulgaria. Three species (E. simillimus, Mesochorus sp. and Aprostocetus sp.) are hyperparasitoids, and the remaining species are primary parasitoids. Most of the parasitoid species attack the larvae of G. senticetella and kill the hosts before pupation. In the studied parasitoid complex, D. consumptor and H. moniliatus were the dominant species. In 1991, the level of total parasitism of the host in the “Tissata” reserve was 24.3?%, in 1992 – 57.9?% and in 2000 – 12.7?%. D. consumptor was the most important parasitoid destroying 26.6?% of the pest larvae in 1992.     

利用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松种实害虫

对樟子松种实害虫及天敌曲姬蜂调查研究表明,球果象甲被害率在20%～40%左右,虫口密度为每果2～6头不等,棘梢斑螟有虫株率为26%,球果被害率为12%,虫口密度为每果1～2头不等,曲姬蜂的寄生率平均为25.4%,利用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松种实害虫效果非常显著。     

利用有效积温预测松黄星象发育历期的研究

温度是影响松黄星象(Pissodes nitinus Roelofs)生长发育最大的一个气候因子。为了掌握松黄星象各虫态发育与温度的关系,为其发生期预测预报提供理论依据,在自然变温的条件下,对松黄星象卵、幼虫、蛹期的发育历期进行了实地观察,并对卵期、幼虫期和蛹期这3个虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了计算、测定及验证,证明利用有效积温预测松黄星象各虫态的发育历期是准确可行的。     

New Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) parasitoids of forest insect pests in Bulgaria

During the period 1989–1998 investigations were carried out on the parasitoids of some forest insect pests in Bulgaria. Twenty-one ichneumonid species are reported for the first time in Bulgaria as parasitoids of different coleopteran, lepidopteran, and hymenopteran hosts. From these, 6 parasitoids are new records for the parasitoid complexes of the hosts:Exochus decoratus Holmgr. onEudemis profundana (Den. & Schiff.) andGelechia turpella (Den. & Schiff.);Lissonota culiciformis Grav.—onParanthrene tabaniformis (Rott.);Lissonota unicincta Holmgr.—onG. turpella; Xorides gracilicornis (Grav.)—onXylotrechus sp.; andEriborus terebrator Aubert—onClostera anastomosis (L.). Most parasitoids developed as primary parasitoids in the hosts.Itoplectis alternans (Grav.) is a primary parasitoid ofNycteola asiatica (Krul.) and a hyperparasitoid ofE. terebrator: Acropimpla pictipes (Grav.) is secondary parasitoid onAnacampsis populella (Cl.). With the exception of two species ofOlesicampes genus, which destroyed over 50% ofStauronematus compressicornis (F.) andPristophora conjugata (Dahlm.) larvae, andE. terebrator which killed 15.4% ofC. anastomosis population, the rest of the parasitoids occurred in low densities, and did not play an important role in reducing the number of their hosts.     

舞毒蛾寄生天敌昆虫及其自然控制研究

通过采集舞毒蛾卵块、幼虫、蛹在实验室内培育,共发现舞毒蛾寄生性蝇类6种、寄生蜂类4科8种。其中,幼虫期寄生天敌有金小蜂科1种,即黑青小蜂Dibrachys cavus;广肩小蜂科2种,即粘虫广肩小蜂Eurytomaverticillata和Eurytoma sp.;以及茧蜂科3种,姬小蜂科2种和寄蝇类,平均寄生率12.89%。蛹期的寄生天敌有毛瓣奥蜉寄蝇Austrophorocera hirsuta、日本追寄蝇Exorista japonica、条纹追寄蝇Exorista fasciata等,平均寄生率是13.30%。卵期未发现任何寄生性天敌。从幼虫到蛹期,寄生性天敌平均可降低舞毒蛾种群数量22.17%。     

Parasitoid complex of Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clemens, 1859) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Serbia

In a study of the parasitoid complex of the locust leaf miner Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clemens, 1859), 23 species of its parasitoids were recorded at 18 localities in Serbia. The parasitoid species included 2 species of the family Braconidae, 1 of the family Eupelmidae, and 20 of the family Eulophidae. The recorded species of parasitoids are polyphagous; in addition to Ph. robiniella, they also develop on other species of leaf miners as primary; primary and secondary; or primary, secondary, and tertiary parasitoids. Among the recorded species of parasitoids, the most significant were the species Pholetesor bicolor, Pholetesor nanus, Sympiesis sericeicornis, Sympiesis acalle, Minotetrastichus frontalis, Pediobius saulius, and Baryscapus nigroviolaceus. The parasitoids were found to have a strong effect on the abundance of Ph. robiniella because they reduced more than 50% of its larvae and pupae in the majority of study samples.     

7个华南园林树种的耐盐性研究

文章通过比较不同NaCl浓度的水培条件下红桂木(Artocarpus nitidus ssp.lingnanensis)、秋枫(Bischofiajavanica)、毛麻楝(Chukrasia tabularis var.velutina)、黄槿(Hibiscus tiliaceus)、塞楝(Khayasenegalensis)、竹柏(Nageia nagi)和蒲桃(Syzygium jambos)等7个树种的存活率和生理指标,分析其耐盐能力。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高,各树种的存活率、PSⅡ反应中心光化学效率(Fv/Fm)均呈现下降趋势,而叶片相对电导率、叶片Na+含量呈现上升趋势;文中三个生理指标在评价耐盐性的贡献率接近;7个树种中,黄槿为强抗盐性,远高于其余树种,竹柏、塞楝为中等抗盐性;红桂木、秋枫、毛麻楝为弱抗盐性植物,蒲桃为对盐敏感植物。     

华山松木蠹象防治指标研究

在曲靖市海寨林场遭华山松木蠹象危害的华山松林分内设样地并作解析木观测，结果表明，华山松木蠹象危害指数与华山松材积损失率间有明显的相关关系，其相关关系可用一元回归方程表示为Y=-0.398654+0.055908X(X为华山松木蠹象危害指数，Y为华山松材积损失率)在此基础上，考虑不同的立木生长量、木材价格、防治费用和防治效果，进一步推算出华山松木蠹象防治指标的动态模型为X