鹤对生境变化的适应性选择及其生境的恢复与重建

鹤是湿地生态的重要指示物种。黄河三角洲生境多样性资源为鹤类栖息提供了优良的生态环境。但由于黄河三角洲湿地生态系统本身具有脆弱性、不稳定性、易变性的生态特点,在自然因素和人为因素的作用下,鹤类栖息生境常发生剧烈变化。本文从较长的时空尺度阐述了鹤对生境变化的适应性选择,介绍在生境退化、生态恶化区域实施的生境恢复与重建工作。     

滩涂生态旅游区鸟类多样性及其栖息生境嗜好

以盐城湿地生态旅游区为研究区域,通过进行鸟类多样性与其生境选择的研讨,评价了该生态旅游区的鸟类多样性及其栖息生境。通过普查不同景观类型、观察并记录鸟类种类、栖息生境、行为,并进行了分析,结果表明:?类水鸟对养殖塘、芦苇丛、人工湿地的嗜好程度差别不大,鸬鹚类水鸟最适栖息生境为养殖塘,鹭类和雁鸭类水鸟最适栖息生境为盐沼生境,鹤、秧鸡类水鸟主要分布在盐沼生境,研究结果对湿地生态旅游区景观构建的科学性和合理性有指导意义。     

基于保护珍稀鸟类的生态需水量研究

山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区是以保护珍稀濒危鸟类为主体的湿地类型自然保护区,由于近几年气候变化、黄河来水量减少等原因,导致湿地干旱,鸟类繁殖、栖息生境适宜度下降,基于鸟类的保护,从湿地水位、环境功能、生态功能等方面研究生态需水量,得出研究区生物物种处于处于适宜状态生态系统的最小、理想和最大生态需水量分别为9.42×106m3、15.56×106 m3、23.48×106 m3。     

黄河三角洲水鸟动态监测

黄河三角洲是黄河携带大量泥沙填积渤海凹陷进行的冲积平原,海河相汇、泥沙沉积,形成了中国最年轻的湿地生态系统。受黄河和渤海的双重影响,黄河三角洲湿地形成了水库、近海滩涂、芦苇沼泽、河流、盐池、渔塘等多种湿地生态类型,有鹭类、雁鸭类、鹤类、涉禽(shorebird)等多种水鸟类型,黄河三角洲自然保护区、天鹅湖、广北水库及其周围渔     

不同时期鹤类在黄河三角洲的分布及其生境选择

黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区是鹤类重要的分布区,按其停留型可分为南迁期、越冬期及北迁期。在不同停留型,不同鹤类的生境选择有差异。同时,对鹤类种群从出现至迁离开展跟踪调查,有利于研究其迁徙、停歇及越冬规律。2014年,作者采用定点观察法,对保护区内的鹤类进行观察,记录鹤类的种类、数量及分布区域变化,在此基础上,对鹤类在不同时期的分布、生境选择及迁徙规律进行分析。     

黄河三角洲鸟类研究

黄河三角洲有鸟类160种,占山东鸟类总数的39.4％。鸟类群落以鹬、鸥、鸭雁、鹭、鹤、(辟鸟)(厂虎鸟)等涉禽、游禽占优势,其组成结构受三角洲湿地环境的直接影响。不同生境鸟类的组成、数量反应了该生境的可利用性,也是环境变化的1种指标。加强区域绿化,改良盐碱裸地,防止污染是改善黄河三角洲生态环境和保护湿地环境的有利措施。     

浅谈阅海湿地生态建设的两阶段与生态修复措施应用问题解析

正银川享有塞上湖城之称谓,阅海湿地公园、鸣翠湖、鹤泉湖与黄沙古渡、艾依河与银川黄河湿地公园,湿地生态类型丰富,湿地面积近5万余亩。众多的湖泊湿地不仅为银川市民提供了休憩度假的去处,同时也改善了城市宜居环境,也为鸟类、渔类与各种湿地植被提供了繁衍栖息之地。阅海湿地公园,作为银川市湿地面积最大、原始     

陕西黄河湿地自然保护区生态地位及其评价

陕西黄河湿地地理位置优越,生态类型独特,区内温和的气候,丰富的光、热、水资源,完整的湿地植被生态系统,为鸟类栖息、繁衍、越冬提供了良好的生活环境。文章从湿地物种和生境的多样性、动植物种类的稀有性、生态系统的代表性、生态环境的自然性、保护区面积的有效性和生存威胁等指标对保护区生态地位作出了分析评价,为提升保护区科学管理水平提供了科学依据。     

生态补水在扎龙湿地自然恢复中的作用

扎龙湿地退化主要原因是湿地缺水,通过生态补水,促进湿地水体、湿地植被、湿地土壤及其鹤类等主要水鸟的恢复,从而使湿地恢复到一个比较高的水平,使其发挥正常的生态功能.     

城市湿地生态功能与规划模式研究——以长治国家城市湿地公园为例

湿地是湿地乔灌木植物、在湿地中栖息的动物、湿地特有环境所培养的微生物等所组成的生态环境,具有生态价值。生境性湿地是多功能的,即维护生物多样性、净化调蓄水源、调节小气候等。     

兴凯湖不同栖息地水鸟群落差异分析

【目的】研究兴凯湖不同栖息地水鸟特别是濒危鸟类如鹤鹳类群落组成差异,为兴凯湖水鸟保护管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2014年5月至2015年4月、 2017年12月采用直接计数法对湖岗、龙王庙、东北泡子以及青山水库4个区域6类栖息地水鸟群落进行系统调查,并对水鸟群落特征参数进行分析。【结果】兴凯湖湿地内共记录水鸟7目11科85种364 063只。湿地内水域面积最大,物种数最多,多样性指数最高,以雁形目和鸻形目鸟类最多;林地与灌丛面积最少,物种数最少;灌丛多样性指数最低,以鹭科鸟类为主。在4个区域,湖岗水鸟多样性最高,其次是龙王庙和东北泡子,青山水库多样性最低。由于不同区域的栖息地组成不同,水鸟数量存在着显著性差异。【结论】随着兴凯湖栖息地类型的改变与人类活动的加剧,特别是作为鹤鹳类主要的繁殖地龙王庙与东北泡子,农田耕地面积增多,而沼泽湿地与草甸面积减少,使得鸭类与鹤类数量大幅减少。建议需根据不同水鸟对栖息环境的适宜性需求,制定科学合理保护方案,进行有效保护。     

北海湿地保护区植被类型及其环境状况的研究

腾冲北海湿地属“漂浮状苔草沼泽湿地”，植被类型丰富，物种多样性程度高。由于过度的农田开垦和森林砍伐，加之外来有害物种的不断侵入，湿地生境改变，导致生态系统功能降低、生物多样性流失严重。通过对北海湿地植被资源与环境的调查研究，分析了北海湿地保护区的植被类型、环境状况及其保护对策。     

Winter habitat selection of red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis)

IntroductionRed-crowned crane (Gms j'apenensiS) is a vulnerabfe species, which is now endangered enough to belisted in the name list of National First-grade Protected Wildlife of China. In recent years with the increasing of people's requirements for resource, the size ofhabitat used by red-crowned cranes has decreasedsuccessively as a result of mankind's excessive exploitation on resource with plundering and blindness.Popufations are also threatened seriously. So it isurgent to strengthen …     

Winter habitat selection of red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis)

This paper studied the winter habitat selection of red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) in Yancheng National Natural Reserve, Jiangsu Province. There were six types of habitat used by red-crowned cranes, i.e. salt-works, aquiculture ponds, reed lands, grassy tidal lands, salting wormwood lands and wheat fields. The wheat field was a new type of habitat used by red-crowned cranes. More than 70 percent of red-crowned cranes chose grassy tidal lands, salting wormwood lands, and reed lands as their most important habitats. In recent years, the distribution of red-crowned cranes moved southward gradually. Red-crowned cranes prefer artificial or semiartificial wetlands rather than original wetlands, successive distribution was broken into fragments. The project is supported by Jiangsu Province Zhang Honghai, male, born in July 1967, associate professor, Department of Biology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China. Responsible: Zhu Hong     

Nest-site selection pattern of Grus japonensis in Zhalong Nature Reserve of northeast China

Nest-site selection patterns of Red-crowned cranes(Grus japonensis) and the effects of environmental variables were studied during the years of 2002-2008 in Zhalong Nature Reserve,Qiqihar city,northeast China.The nest-site selection pattern of Red-crowned cranes included two orders and three choices:the choice of nest-site habitat type within the macro-habitat order,nest zone selection and nest-site micro-habitat selection within the micro-habitat order.Various habitats(such as Carex swamps and reed fire districts) can be selected as the nest sites for Red-crowned cranes,of which reed swamps(93.15%) are given a preference.Factor Analysis reveals that the micro-habitat selection are affected by four main factors:fire,security(concealment /disturbance),incubation(conditions,nest-material),and food.Further analysis reveals that Red-crowned cranes have certain adaptability to the changes of nesting habitat quality in the Zhalong wetlands.In conclusion,fire,reeds,and water were the most important variables for nest-site habitat selection of Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve.     

湿地恢复研究现状及前瞻

从湿地基质恢复、水文恢复、水环境恢复、湿地生物和生境恢复4个方面综述了目前国内外湿地恢复研究现状, 并提出应加强对动态监测与实地调查的结合、湿地恢复的长期定位研究以及基于生态水文的湿地生境恢复等方面的研究。     

Long-term changes in two boreal landscapes with different management histories

Abstract

Forest fragmentation increases the amount of edge habitats in landscape. Despite the profound ecological influences that edges may have, the patterns and processes of edge formation have largely remained unexplored. The aim of this study was to find answers to three questions: (1) How have the landscape structure and composition, as measured by different successional stages, changed over a period of about 50years in forested landscapes in southern Finland? (2) What are the differences in the amount of edge and interior habitat between successive years? (3) How does the forest ownership, state or private, affect the prevalence of edges? Digitized aerial photographs taken in 1941 and 1944 (period1), 1969 (period2) and 1997 (period3) were used to study the prevalence of different successional stages, area of interior mature forest and edge habitats in two nearby 10km² forest areas with private and state ownership, respectively. The forest composition was similar in the two forest areas, with mature forests being replaced by younger development stages. The area of interior mature forest decreased dramatically from period1 to period2. Assuming an edge width of 100m, the proportion of edge habitat increased from 30% to 61% in the state forest and from 26% to 76% in private forest. The detected changes and their possible consequences to species suggest that management of different types of edges and converging edges should receive considerable attention in the future.     

湿地地形恢复研究概述

湿地地形反映了一定范围内湿地地貌起伏的状况。在湿地恢复工程中, 适宜的地形处理有利于丰富景观要素、形成景观层次、创造出多种生境类型, 达到加强湿地艺术性和改善环境的目的。文中介绍了湿地地形在湿地恢复中的作用, 阐述了湿地地形的不同类型, 综述了典型湿地地形的恢复方式, 主要有浅滩、弯型岸带、生境岛、深水区、开敞水面、急流带和滞水带等7种类型。     

江西药湖湿地水禽栖息地保护与恢复规划设计

水禽栖息地的保护、恢复和重建是湿地生态系统研究的热点,也是湿地保护与恢复工程的建设重点.作者在分析江西药湖水禽栖息地退化过程及其驱动因子的基础上,提出了药湖水禽栖息地保护与恢复的技术思路和建设目标,并具体规划了以下项目进行江西药湖水禽栖息地的保护与恢复:一定规模的退耕还湿;水文联系与恢复重建;外源污染的控制和水质保育;水禽栖息地的严格保护与保育;水禽栖息地恢复与重建工程;水禽避难所和野外投食点建设;湿地植被群落和生物多样性恢复;湿地科研、监测工程.