金边杂种胡颓子叶色突变体叶色变化机理的初步研究

以野生型杂种胡颓子(WT)和突变型金边杂种胡颓子(MT)的3年生扦插苗为供试材料,研究突变型金边杂种胡颓子叶绿素含量与光合特性等生理指标,分析叶色变化的原因。结果显示:(1)叶绿素总含量:杂种胡颓子(WT1.530mg/g)>金边杂种胡颓子叶片绿色部位(MT-绿色1.078mg/g)>金边杂种胡颓子叶片黄色部位(MT-黄化0.031mg/g);类胡萝卜素含量:WT(0.505mg/g)>MT-绿色(0.318mg/g)>MT-黄化(0.050mg/g);(2)金边杂种胡颓子叶片绿色部位的Chla/b比值较WT叶片绿色部位,没有显著性的差异,但其叶片黄化部位的Chla/b比值显著低于野生型杂种胡颓子;(3)金边杂种胡颓子较野生型胡颓子光合速率及相关参数都有显著的改变。可见,金边杂种胡颓子的叶色变化是由叶片色素含量变化导致,导致植株的光合参数与叶绿素荧光参数等指标发生改变。     

胡颓子属5种常绿植物果实性状与食用价值

为综合开发胡颓子属常绿组植物果实的食用价值,于2016年4月中旬对胡颓子属5种常绿植物(胡颓子、长叶胡颓子、蔓胡颓子、巴东胡颓子、宜昌胡颓子)的成熟果实进行果实生物学性状、理化性质及矿质元素含量等指标的观测与分析。结果表明:百果重以宜昌胡颓子(145.03 g)和巴东胡颓子(102.95 g)最大,其它依次为蔓胡颓子(69.67 g)、胡颓子(58.55g)和长叶胡颓子(58.30 g);可食率以宜昌胡颓子(80.62%)和巴东胡颓子(80.53%)最高,其次为胡颓子(73.84%)、蔓胡颓子(73.26%)和长叶胡颓子(65.12%);糖酸比以长叶胡颓子(6.95)和胡颓子(6.60)最高,其它依次为宜昌胡颓子(5.66)、蔓胡颓子(5.30)和巴东胡颓子(4.13);Vc含量丰富,每克果实中达到0.1238~0.1816 mg;矿质元素以K含量最高,Ca其次;果核还含有较高的油脂和蛋白质。5种植物的果实均具有较高的食用价值和开发潜力。     

岷江干旱河谷几种乔木抗旱性研究

岷江上游干旱河谷地区是我国西部生态环境最恶劣的地区之一,也是我国最困难的造林地区之一。本试验以生理研究为基础,选择干旱河谷区造林地内具有相对较高成活率和保存率的针叶树种岷江柏(Cupressus chen-giana)、辐射松(Pinus radiata)和阔叶树种臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、榆树(Ulmus pumilaL.)、刺槐(Robinia pseu-doacacia),分别采用主成分分析法和综合评价法对影响其抗旱性的主要生理指标和试验树种的抗旱性进行了分析研究。结果表明:①影响该地区试验树种抗旱性的主要生理指标为:可溶性糖含量、SOD活性、游离脯氨酸含量、水分饱和亏缺度、叶片含水量和24h失水率;②5个试验树种的抗旱性表现为岷江柏最高,其次榆树>刺槐>臭椿,辐射松的抗旱性最差。     

胡颓子属种仁含油率及其脂肪酸组成分析

为了解胡颓子属不同品种种仁含油率及其脂肪酸组成的差异性,从而为胡颓子属种子的深加工及其在日用化妆品中的深入研究和广泛应用提供参考依据,以胡颓子属7个品种的种子为试验材料,采用索氏提取法分别提取其种仁油并计算其含油率,同时还运用气相色谱法分析其脂肪酸组成,利用SPSS软件对其主要脂肪酸组成成分之间的相关性进行了分析。测定结果表明,胡颓子属7个品种的种仁含油率由大到小依次为:佘山羊奶子(22.71%)蔓胡颓子(22.66%)宜昌胡颓子(21.65%)密花胡颓子(21.32%)木半夏(21.11%)银果胡颓子(20.62%)胡颓子(18.68%)。GC分析鉴定结果表明:从胡颓子属种仁油中共检测出11种脂肪酸,其含量占总脂肪酸的93.6%以上,其中含量最高的是油酸。相关性分析结果表明:胡颓子属不同品种种仁含油率和脂肪酸组成间均存在一定的差异,油酸与亚油酸和花生烯酸间均呈现明显的负相关性。     

干旱胁迫和复水后台湾相思、银合欢和火棘幼苗的生理变化

以台湾相思、银合欢和火棘幼苗为试验材料,人工模拟干旱胁迫环境,通过测定各树种幼苗叶片的生理指标,研究了干旱胁迫对这3种幼苗的影响,并用主成分法综合评定了各树种的抗旱性。结果表明,干旱胁迫期间3种幼苗的叶片组织含水量下降,复水处理后恢复到与对照相近水平;3种幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量上升,复水后下降;3种幼苗叶片的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量上升或上升后下降,复水后一般恢复到对照水平;台湾相思和火棘幼苗的叶片SOD活性显著上升后小幅波动,而银合欢的幼苗叶片SOD活性持续增加;台湾相思和火棘幼苗的叶片丙二醛含量逐渐上升,银合欢上升后波动。3种幼苗叶片的SOD活性和丙二醛含量复水后均下降。对生理指标进行主成分分析表明,3种幼苗的抗旱性为台湾相思>银合欢>火棘。     

3种相思幼苗抗旱性研究

以聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）的渗透溶液模拟水分胁迫条件，比较了不同水分胁迫强度下3种相思幼苗的抗旱性，并确定了鉴定幼苗抗旱性的生理指标。结果表明：相对电导率、相对含水量、相对水分亏缺、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸等指标可作为鉴定相思幼苗早期抗旱性的生理指标；3个树种的抗旱能力排序为：厚荚相思〉大叶相思〉马占相思。     

加强翅果油树的保护和繁育

翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollis Diels)又名毛褶子、大叶剪枝股(户县涝峪)、泽录旦(山西翼城),为胡颓子科,胡颓子属灌木或小乔木。由于该树种分布范围小,为我国特产,且具较高经济价值,故被列为国家二级保护植物。     

沙棘播种育苗技术

沙棘为胡颓子科沙棘属落叶灌木或小乔木，是优良的沙生植物树种，其造林后的抗旱性优于其它抗旱树种，其育苗技术包括：整地、作床（搂畦）、种子处理、播种、苗期管理、出圃（起苗）等。     

胡颓子根系分泌物中潜在化感物质分析

【目的】植物根-土界面的物理化学环境的变化很大程度上受到植物根系分泌物的影响,其对土壤中养分的有效性产生极大影响,但某些有机物之间有些相促或相克作用,有研究表明胡颓子植物对其根域土壤具有很强的影响效力。【方法】以3年生胡颓子根系为试验材料,通过GC-MS分析根系分泌物中的组分,同时结合相关报道分析哪些有机物组分可能具有化感作用,为后续研究提供依据。【结果】胡颓子根系分泌物中含有的有机组分有33种,分属酸、酯、醇、烃、酰胺、胡颓子碱和其他共7大类,总相对含量约占总峰面积的95%以上。其中,胡颓子碱、邻苯二甲酸等8种成分中相对分量大于3%,共占到总组分的64.5%;组分中相对分量介于1%~3%的有12种化合物,而相对分量小于1%的有13种化合物。根系分泌物的酸性物质含量较少,且影响胡颓子生长较大的根系分泌物组分(组分比例是40.6%)是胡颓子碱、邻苯二甲酸。【结论】测定出的根系分泌物组分中有21种化合物已经被证实是具有化感作用的物质,可见胡颓子植物具有一定化感效应。可以在林地的生态抑草栽培方面有所应用。     

黄连木与文冠果对土壤持续干旱胁迫的生理响应

采用盆栽控水的试验方法,对持续干旱条件下的2年生黄连木与文冠果这两种能源树种幼苗的丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、细胞膜透性、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素、脯氨酸6个生理指标进行了测定,探讨了这两个能源树种对干旱胁迫的生理响应;通过对6个生理指标的综合评价,得出黄连木的抗旱性要高于文冠果。     

3树种抗旱性的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析法,对红柳、侧柏和合头草等3个树种的抗旱性与9项抗旱指标的相关性进行了分析。关联度分析结果表明:叶绿素含量、叶水势、叶片相对含水量以及电导率与3个树种的关联度分别为0.767 4、0.700 5、0.679 3和0.628 7,它们可作为3个树种重要的抗旱评价指标。     

Characterization of major,unused, and unvalued Indonesian wood species I. Dependencies of mechanical properties in transverse direction on the changes of moisture content and/or temperature

Mechanical property changes due to the moisture content (MC) and/or temperature changes were examined for 15 Indonesian wood species. A static bending test was carried out at 20°C, 65% relative humidity (air-dry), and water-saturated at 20°C (wet-20) and 80°C (wet-80). For individual test conditions, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) increased linearly with specific gravity regardless of wood species; however, maximum deflection did not correlate with specific gravity for any MC or temperature conditions. The relative values of MOE and MOR measured in wet-20 to air-dry conditions were variously affected from slightly to strongly depending on the wood species. However, the relative values always decreased markedly when saturated in water at 80°C, regardless of wood species. The relative MOE, MOR, and maximum deflection values due to the change in MC or MC and temperature combined were independent of specific gravity but may be dependent on wood type: softwood or hardwood.     

三种榆树幼苗对水分胁迫的生理响应

在人工模拟干旱的条件下,研究了自美国引种培育的岩榆、南方岩榆和国产白榆1 a生幼苗的叶片相对含水量(RWC)、电导率和叶绿素含量的变化情况,同时调查水分胁迫后期幼苗的存活率.结果表明:水分胁迫初期,3种榆树幼苗的叶片RWC、质膜透性、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量均呈增加趋势;水分胁迫中期(第24天)白榆、南方岩榆的叶绿素总量呈现最大值,后开始缓慢下降,而岩榆仍继续上升至第30天后才开始下降,但各种幼苗叶片叶绿素a/b均增加.自然干旱初中期的RWC下降缓慢,后期失水迅速,白榆失水速率明显快于岩榆、南方岩榆.水分胁迫后期白榆叶片出现萎蔫,叶缘叶尖枯黄均早于南方岩榆、岩榆,萎蔫枯黄总数也最多,其次分别是南方岩榆、岩榆.因此,岩榆最耐干旱,南方岩榆次之,白榆较不耐旱.     

干旱胁迫下3树种苗木叶片相对含水量、质膜相对透性和脯氨酸含量的变化

以金沙江干热河谷主要造林树种坡柳、银合欢和山毛豆的苗木为实验材料,通过盆栽苗自然干旱胁迫,同时以浇水处理为对照,探讨了干旱胁迫下3树种苗木叶片的相对含水量、质膜透性以及脯氨酸含量的变化情况。结果表明,干旱胁迫后,3树种苗木叶片的相对含水量、质膜相对透性以及脯氨酸含量都发生了变化,只是变化的幅度和进程不同。经三项生理指标的综合分析并结合3树种的自然表现,得出坡柳具有较强的抗旱能力,其次为银合欢,最后是山毛豆。     

Evaluation of a portable chlorophyll meter to estimate chlorophyll and nitrogen contents in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) leaves

Portable, non-destructive chlorophyll meters could be a valuable tool for forest managers and researchers. The ability of such meters to assess both chlorophyll and nitrogen content has been well established for many agricultural species, but not well-studied for North American forest tree species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a portable chlorophyll meter to estimate chlorophyll (CHL) and nitrogen (N) content in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) leaves by testing correlations between chlorophyll content index values (CCI) and extractable CHL and N in large heterogeneous samples. Significant correlations were observed between CCI and CHL (P ≤ 0.001, r² = 76%) and CCI and N (P ≤ 0.001, r² = 64%). These data indicate that the meter tested can be an effective tool for estimating relative chlorophyll and nitrogen content in sugar maple leaves.     

不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发性成分的比较

【目的】分析不同种源北美香柏和北美乔柏叶挥发油成分的组成及相对含量,为进一步合理开发和利用崖柏属植物资源提供理论依据。【方法】以大小相同、长势一致的健康2年生幼苗为材料,通过固相微萃取技术(SPME)提取幼苗相同位置新叶中的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)进行分离与鉴定,采用质谱进行定性,并通过峰面积归一化法求得各挥发成分的相对含量。【结果】不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发油中共鉴别出156种成分,北美乔柏鉴定出74种,北美香柏鉴定出95种。北美乔柏和北美香柏叶挥发性成分均以单萜类化合物为主,北美乔柏的平均相对含量(80.258%)高于北美香柏(69.445%),而倍半萜类及其他萜类化合物相对含量相反。两树种挥发油成分组成差异明显,不同种源北美乔柏幼苗特有成分27种,北美香柏35种; 10个种源共有成分仅6种且含量差异显著,共有成分分别为α-崖柏酮、γ-松油烯、(8β,13β)-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene、α,α-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇乙酸酯、石竹烯和棕榈酸甲酯。北美乔柏和北美香柏的主要成分差异明显,相同主成分仅有α-崖柏酮和β-水芹烯,但两树种均以α-崖柏酮含量最高。【结论】不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏挥发性成分组成和含量差异明显,但两树种均以α-崖柏酮含量最高。     

3树种抗旱性的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联分析法,对3个树种的抗旱性与9项抗旱指标的相关性进行了分析。关联度分析结果表明:叶绿素含量、叶水势、叶片相对含水量以及电导率与3个树种的关联度分别为0.7674、0.7005、0.6793和0.6287,它们可作为3个树种重要的抗旱评价指标。     

Intake and relative palatability indices of acacia species fed to sheep and goats

An experiment was conducted to determine preference intake and relative palatability indices of Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis, Acacia sieberiana and Acacia rhemniana in sheep and goats using a completely randomized design. The size of Experimental Farm from which the browses were harvested was 1842.75 ha. The leaf samples were randomly collected from various young trees. The samples were analysed for proximate composition, measured for intake and relative palatability indices of sheep and goats. Dry matter (DM) content ranged from 917.4 to 936.8 g/kg DM and organic matter from 822.9 to 892.2 g/kg DM. All acacia species contained crude protein content (CP) of more than 7–17% required for grazing animals. The content of neutral detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent fibre ranged from 372.8 to 658.1 and 150.0 to 464.6 g/kg DM, respectively and were significantly (P < 0.05) different among the species. All of the acacia species had low levels (0–5.57 g/kg DM) of condensed tannins. The intakes of all feeds except A. karroo and A. rhemniana were high in both sheep and goats. The leaves from A. sieberiana had the highest palatability indice (Pi) while those of A. rhemniana had the lowest Pi in both sheep and goats. It was concluded that there was an effect of acacia species on intake and relative palatability indices. Species A. sieberiana, A. nilotica and A. tortilis have potential as livestock fodder, based on moderate to high CP value, low ADF, low tannins, high intake and relative palatability indices.     

Effects of environmental factors on species richness patterns of herb layer in Eastern Zhongtiao Mountain

The species richness of herb layer was investigated among 43 plots of forest vegetation in the eastern Zhongtiao Mountain, in southern Shanxi Province, China. The forest vegetation was divided into two major vegetation types such as the deciduous forest and the coniferous forest by the two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）. The species richness of herb layer was fitted in the topographic and soil feature factors, as well as the topographic relative moisture index （TRMI） by the generalized linear models （GLM）. The results showed that canopy cover and altitude were the most significant environmental factors. Soil pH value and soil nutrients index such as total N, organic matter content had no significant influence. The effect of environment factors on species richness of herb layer had significant difference in vegetation types. For the broad-leaved forest, litter depth and TRMI were the important environment factors. For the coniferous forest, soil clay content was another important environment factor. The range of environmental gradient such as altitude may contribute to the difference.     

深圳地区8种常见生态公益林树种VOCs测定及其保健作用

以深圳地区8 种常见生态公益林树种的叶为研究对象,采用固相微萃取（SPME）收集挥发物 质（VOCs）成分,通过GC-MS 对VOCs 进行分离鉴定,并通过各峰质谱图进行标准谱库检索,以质谱 和KI 值的参比匹配和峰面积归一法确定挥发性物质成分及其相对含量,结合相关文献确定其保健功效。 麻楝Chukrasia tabularis、海南蒲桃Syzygium hainanense、红鳞蒲桃Syzygium hancei、乐昌含笑Michelia chapensis、深山含笑Michelia maudiae、樟树Cinnamomum camphora、华润楠Machilus chinensis、枫香 Liquidambar formosana 分别鉴定出高匹配挥发物质17、20、21、28、24、21、30、21 种,占各自挥发性 总成分的80.21%、86.38%、98.08%、75.32%、98.83%、93.27%、95.25%、95.51%。经分析得出,有益 呼吸系统挥发物含量较高的有海南蒲桃、红鳞蒲桃、深山含笑、华润楠,有益心血管系统挥发物含量较 高的有深山含笑、华润楠,镇痛镇静挥发物含量较高的有红鳞蒲桃、华润楠,抗菌杀菌挥发物含量较高 的植物有红鳞蒲桃、深山含笑、华润楠,驱虫杀虫挥发物含量较高的植物有深山含笑。总体上,所试材 料中,红鳞蒲桃、深山含笑、华润楠3 种植物的保健作用较为广谱和突出。