山鸡椒水分及氮素利用效率性别特异性动态

【目的】以雌雄异株山鸡椒为研究材料,分析雌雄植株在生殖生长过程中水分及氮素利用策略的性别特异性动态变化规律,以期为雌雄异株植物资源分配动态变化机制提供理论依据。【方法】测定雌雄植株在开花后105～165天共5个时期叶片养分含量(碳含量、氮含量、碳氮比)、稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³C)、稳定氮同位素组成(δ¹⁵N),并分析其动态变化规律。【结果】1)雌雄株叶片δ¹³C平均值分别为-29. 38‰和-28. 08‰。性别和发育时期对雌雄株叶片δ¹³C值影响均显著,5个时期雌株δ¹³C值均显著低于雄株;且随发育进程雌雄植株δ¹³C值均不断下降。2)雌雄株叶片δ¹⁵N平均值分别为1. 90‰和2. 95‰。性别和发育时期对雌雄株叶片δ¹⁵N值均有极显著影响,开花后105～150天(即雌株果实中精油及柠檬醛含量快速积累期)雌株δ¹⁵N值显著低于雄株;随着发育进程,雌雄株叶片δ¹⁵N值均表现出双峰变化趋势,双峰出现在开花后105天和135天,雌株叶片δ¹⁵N在开花后120天达到最低值,雄株叶片在开花后165天时达到最低值。3)雌雄株叶片碳含量平均值分别为49. 44%和49. 28%。开花后105天和120天,雌株叶片C含量高于雄株叶片C含量,开花后135～165天(果实精油快速积累期到稳定期),雌株叶片C含量低于雄株。雄株叶片C含量随发育进程显著升高,而雌株叶片C含量在不同时期无显著差异。4)雌雄株叶片N含量平均值分别为1. 71%和1. 51%。性别对N含量影响显著,雄株叶片N含量均低于雌株(除开花后135天)。5)雌雄株叶片C/N平均值分别为29. 15和33. 72。性别对叶片碳氮比影响显著,雌株C/N值在不同发育时期均小于雄株,但发育时期对其无显著影响;随着发育时期推进,雄株C/N值下降程度高于雌株。6)雌雄植株叶片δ¹³C与N含量以及δ¹³C与δ¹⁵N之间均无显著相关性。【结论】山鸡椒雌雄植株在养分含量、水分及氮素利用策略存在差异,且在开花后105～165天表现出动态变化规律。雌株水分利用效率低于雄株,从果实精油及柠檬醛含量快速积累期到稳定期,雌株水分利用效率不断下降;雌株氮利用低于雄株,且随着植株发育,雌雄株叶片氮素利用效率均表现出双峰变化趋势;雄株叶片氮含量低于雌株,分配更多的氮素至花芽以保证花粉形成;果实精油快速积累期到稳定期,雌株叶片碳含量低于雄株,为果实及种子的形成提供更多的碳元素。     

香榧性别的生化鉴别研究

香榧雄株叶片中的可溶性糖的含量高于雌株,雌、雄株叶片的可溶性氮化物含量差异不大。香榧叶片中的酚类化合物的含量一般有9个组分,雌、雄株在不同组分含量上存在明显差异。在未分化性别的幼树和幼苗中也存在类似雌、雄株的酚类化合物的组分图谱。可以利用酚类化合物组分图谱,结合可溶性糖含量作为鉴别香榧雌、雄株性别差异的生化指标。     

铁冬青雌雄株在低温胁迫下的响应及抗寒性差异

为了明确雌雄异株植物铁冬青的抗寒机理和雌雄株抗寒性差异,对5年生铁冬青雌雄株的离体叶片进行低温胁迫处理,测定其相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白、氧化酶活性各项指标,结合Logistic方程计算出半致死温度(LT_(50)),结合隶属函数法综合分析其抗寒能力。结果表明:随着温度的降低,铁冬青雌雄株REC和MDA含量上升,Pro、可溶性蛋白含量、POD活性表现为先上升后下降的趋势,而SOD活性则逐渐下降;雌雄株各生理指标在数值上存在显著的性别差异(P0.05),雌株的REC和MDA含量显著高于雄株,而Pro、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性则显著低于雄株,POD活性无显著差异;铁冬青雌雄株最低LT_(50)分别为-6.29℃和-9.37℃。半致死温度结合隶属函数法综合表明铁冬青抗寒性存在显著性别差异,即雄株的抗寒性强于雌株。     

沙棘雌雄株部分生理生化指标的差异

对沙棘雌雄株光合与呼吸以及氨基酸含量等方面进行了比较研究，结果看出，雄株的光合，呼吸、叶片持水力和生长势均高于雌株，其蛋白质、可溶性糖和氨基酸含量也有同样趋势，而雌株的过氧化物同工酶谱带比雄株多一条谱带。     

中华猕猴桃雌雄株可溶性糖含量的差异

用蒽酮比色法对中华猕猴桃雌株和雄株,分别进行了叶片中可溶性糖含量的测定。结果表明,雄株的可溶性糖含量极显著地高于雌株,并证明在未开花的实生苗中也存在同样的现象,从而为中华猕猴桃苗期的雌雄鉴别找到了一种依据。     

绒毛白蜡雌雄株不同器官矿质元素季节动态的比较

【目的】研究绒毛白蜡植株不同器官矿质元素含量的季节动态及雌雄株间的性别差异,为进一步阐明雌雄株生长分化的内在生理机制提供理论参考。【方法】以绒毛白蜡雌雄株为研究对象,5—11月每月中旬取叶片、枝条、果实,应用电感耦合离子光谱仪系统分析生长季内雌雄株不同器官矿质元素(K、Ca、Na、Mg)含量的动态变化。【结果】1)绒毛白蜡生长季内不同器官K元素含量的大小顺序为果实叶片枝条;而Ca、Mg在生长季各月份则为叶片枝条果实;生长季初期Na含量的大小顺序为叶片果实枝条,而生长季中后期的大小顺序则为叶片枝条果实。生长季内叶片K元素含量呈现逐步降低的趋势,而叶片Ca和Na含量则呈现逐渐增高的趋势,叶片Mg含量则维持相对稳定含量。2)雌雄株对比表明,生长季内雄株叶片K、Ca、Na、Mg元素含量多大于雌株叶片,这种差异在部分月份达到显著水平。3)同一器官不同元素含量的相关分析表明,叶片K含量与Ca、Mg含量多呈现显著负相关,而叶片Ca与Mg含量则呈现显著正相关,叶片Na元素与叶片其余元素含量间均不存在显著相关性;与叶片类似,果实K与Ca含量呈现显著负相关,果实Ca与Mg含量则呈现显著正相关。4)不同器官间元素含量相关分析表明,雌雄株叶片K与枝条K以及叶片Na与枝条Na含量间均存在显著正相关关系;雌株叶片Ca与果实Ca、叶片Mg与果实Mg含量之间分别存在显著和极显著的正相关性;雌雄株叶片Na含量与枝条Na含量均表现为显著正相关性。【结论】不同矿质元素在绒毛白蜡雌雄株器官间的分配规律存在差异性;生长季各阶段,雄株叶片矿质元素含量多数大于雌株,雌株翅果大量结实,参与较大比例的矿质营养分配,可能是影响叶片矿质元素含量的重要因素。叶片、果实中K、Ca、Mg各元素含量之间多存在显著相关性,明确绒毛白蜡植株不同器官间的矿质元素含量比例分配及相互关系,是阐明雌雄株生长分化生理机制的前提。     

蒿柳成花过程中内源激素和多胺含量变化特征

【目的】研究蒿柳从营养生长到生殖生长过程中内源激素和多胺对蒿柳成花的调控作用及其性别差异的影响,为解析雌雄异株植物花器官形成及性别决定机制,并为人工调控花器官形成及性别分化提供理论依据。【方法】将蒿柳1年生枝条生长过程划分为营养生长期(S1)、花芽生理分化期(S2)和花芽形态分化期(S3),分别以树龄15~20年的雌、雄蒿柳为材料,利用高效液相色谱-四级杆离子阱串联质谱法测定茎尖脱落酸(ABA)、玉米素(ZT)、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA_3)、腐胺(Put)、精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)含量,分析不同生长阶段内源激素和多胺含量的变化及其与性别间差异的关系。【结果】从营养生长期到花芽生理分化期,雌、雄蒿柳的ABA、ZT、Put、Spm、Spd含量,ABA/GA_3、ZT/GA_3比值以及雌株中IAA/ZT比值均显著升高,IAA/ABA比值及雄株中GA_3含量显著下降。从花芽生理分化期到形态分化期,雌蒿柳的ABA、ZT、IAA和GA_3含量,雄株IAA/ZT、雌株ABA/GA_3比值均显著下降,Put、Spm、Spd含量,雄株的ZT/GA_3、雌株的IAA/ABA均显著上升。S1期的IAA、Spd含量及IAA/ABA比值,S2期的ABA、ZT、IAA、Spd含量,S3期的IAA/ABA、IAA/ZT比值均表现为雌蒿柳显著高于雄蒿柳;而S2期的IAA/ABA比值,S3期的ABA含量及ABA/GA_3、ZT/GA_3比值则表现为雌株显著高于雄株。【结论】高水平的ABA、ZT、IAA、多胺含量及ABA/GA_3、ZT/GA_3比值启动雌、雄蒿柳花芽生理分化,高水平的多胺含量、ZT/GA_3、IAA/ABA比值有利于雌、雄蒿柳花芽的形态分化;蒿柳成花过程中,虽然雌、雄植株内源激素和多胺的变化趋势几乎一致,但生理分化期的ABA、ZT、IAA、Spd含量及IAA/ABA比值均具有显著的性别差异,可能与雌、雄蒿柳的性别分化相关。     

猕猴桃雌雄植株过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

对猕猴桃(Actinidia)雌雄植株叶片中过氧化物酶同工酶的电泳分析测定,结果表明,雌雄株之间同工酶的酶谱存在着明显差异。酶谱的变化与叶片生长量、植株的生育期、不同种类有关。其酶带变化的总趋势是,在开花期雌株在负极一端比雄株多1条酶带,植株进入结果期,其结果相反,雄株比雌株多1条酶带。中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis planch)。同工酶的酶谱还表现出,靠正极,在结果期比开花期多1条酶带。同时用未开花植株进行测定,其酶谱变化与上述雌雄株有相似结果,在靠负极一端雌株多1条酶带,有时雄株靠正极端不出现酶带。     

野生玫瑰与栽培玫瑰根系生理生化特性的比较研究

为了探究玫瑰根系生理生化代谢的年变化动态,以玫瑰新根为试材,测定了玫瑰根系的可溶性糖、淀粉、游离氨基酸、蛋白质、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)6个生理生化指标值。结果表明:玫瑰根系中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量在春季形成了1次吸收高峰后总体呈下降趋势,生长后期则随其生长而缓慢积累;游离氨基酸含量随着地上部分的快速生长而增加,春、夏季其含量形成了3次高峰值,秋季随着温度的下降而急剧上升,蛋白质含量的变化趋势与之相反;SOD和POD活性的变化趋势基本一致,春、夏季其含量形成了3次高峰值,秋季随着地上部分的生长停止而呈上升趋势,但变化幅度不大。春、夏季节野生玫瑰根系中的淀粉、游离氨基酸、蛋白质含量和SOD、POD活性均明显高于栽培玫瑰,但秋季随着生长的停止,栽培玫瑰高于野生玫瑰;野生玫瑰的可溶性糖含量一直高于栽培玫瑰。不同时期碳、氮物质含量和SOD、POD活性的不同也影响着野生玫瑰与栽培玫瑰的抗性及进入休眠期的早晚。     

铅胁迫对洋常春藤生长及生理特性的影响

以洋常春藤扦插苗为试验材料,研究不同浓度(50、200、400、800μmol/L)重金属Pb~(2+)胁迫对其生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:在低浓度(50、200μmol/L)铅胁迫下,洋常春藤株高和节间距显著低于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及MDA含量均低于对照组但差异不显著,洋常春藤各器官的生物量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及可溶性蛋白均显著高于对照组,氧自由基含量变化不显著;当铅胁迫浓度达到400μmol/L时,洋常春藤株高、节间距、茎生物量、POD及CAT活性和氧自由基含量显著增高,而叶生物量及SOD活性显著下降,其余指标与对照相比差异不显著;在高浓度(800μmol/L)铅胁迫下,植株的株高、节间距、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量均增加,且株高和节间距均表现出显著增加,CAT活性、MDA和氧自由基含量变化不显著,其中叶生物量、总生物量和SOD均与对照组相比显著下降。因此,洋常春藤对铅胁迫有较强的耐受性,低浓度铅胁迫在一定程度上促进其生长,而高浓度的铅胁迫对其叶片的生长有抑制作用,但会导致该植物的节间徒长。     

肉桂枝叶主要化学成分及出油率的年变化规律

以红芽肉桂和白芽肉桂为试材,对肉桂枝叶主要化学成分及出油率年变化规律进行研究,结果表明:红芽肉桂在整个生长周期的不同季节里,枝叶主要化学成分的含量在春季和秋季呈上升的趋势,夏季和冬季则呈下降的趋势;出油率以春季和秋季较高,夏季和冬季较低,尤以夏季出油率最低;红芽肉桂与白芽肉桂枝叶内总含醛量随着季节变化趋势一致,各月份保持相对稳定的状态,差异不大;枝叶出油率随着季节变化趋势基本一致,但各月份差异较大,在春梢生长时出油率能达全年最大值,夏季树体生长最旺盛,而出油率则达全年最小值,秋季和冬季呈上升的趋势。     

Seasonal variation of selected trace elements in rare endemic species Thuriferous Juniper growing in the Aurès Mountains of Algeria

We used energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence(EDXRF) to determine the seasonal variation of selected trace elements(Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se and Fe) and some potential toxic elements(Cd, Pb and Br) in Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana Maire(Cupressaceae) a rare medicinal tree, growing indigenously in Aure`s Mountains of Algeria. The precision of the results was assessed by analyzing the certified reference material IPE44(WEPAL)grass leaves. Results showed J. thurifera was characterized by high Cr and Mn contents. During autumn and winter mineral concentrations were higher in general. The levels of Cr, Se and Mn were higher during autumn and winter than during spring and summer. Zn contents were higher during summer than in other seasons. Cu content did not vary by season. The potential toxic elements in J. thurifera(Pb [ Cd [ Br) were below the permissible limits recommended by the Joint WHO/FAO guidelines except for Pb in autumn and winter.     

浙北马尾松人工林鸟类群落结构和多样性指数的季节变化

浙江省北部马尾松人工林春季鸟各丰富度最高（４７种），秋季最少（３１种），冬、夏季分别为３５种和３６种。留留种类秋季最多是（６７７％），春季的迁徙鸟种类最多（５７．４％）。冬、春、夏、秋，鸟类平均密度分别为５６．８７、５６．８１、４７．２５及４９．３５只／１０ｈｍ＾２。春季留鸟的平均密度最高（４３．１０只１０／ｈｍ＾２），依次是夏、秋、冬季，分别为４１．４７、３９．０５和３６．７６只／１０ｈｍ＾２。     

Insights into seasonal variation of litter decomposition and related soil degradative enzyme activities in subtropical forest in China

We used a litterbag method to investigate litter decomposition and related soil degradative enzyme activities across four seasons in a broad-leaved forest and a coniferous forest on Zijin Mountain in s...     

Seasonal variation of selected trace elements in rare endemic species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thuriferous Juniper</Emphasis> growing in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aurès</Emphasis> Mountains of Algeria

We used energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) to determine the seasonal variation of selected trace elements (Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se and Fe) and some potential toxic elements (Cd, Pb and Br) in Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana Maire (Cupressaceae) a rare medicinal tree, growing indigenously in Aurès Mountains of Algeria. The precision of the results was assessed by analyzing the certified reference material IPE44 (WEPAL) grass leaves. Results showed J. thurifera was characterized by high Cr and Mn contents. During autumn and winter mineral concentrations were higher in general. The levels of Cr, Se and Mn were higher during autumn and winter than during spring and summer. Zn contents were higher during summer than in other seasons. Cu content did not vary by season. The potential toxic elements in J. thurifera (Pb > Cd > Br) were below the permissible limits recommended by the Joint WHO/FAO guidelines except for Pb in autumn and winter.     

抚育强度对云杉林土壤有机碳含量的影响

笔者分析了川西米亚罗林区典型低效林经不同强度的抚育间伐后,对5种处理的2个土层(0 cm~15 cm,15 cm~30 cm)的土壤总有机碳、微生物量碳含量的变化进行了动态监测,并分析了土壤总有机碳和微生物量碳含量的季节变化。结果表明,5种处理的土壤总有机碳和微生物量碳含量均是上层高于下层;在观测的4个季节内,上层、下层土壤总有机碳均是夏季春季冬季秋季,土壤总有机碳含量的上、下层均值是F3F2F1F4CK;土壤微生物量碳含量均是秋季冬季春季夏季;土壤微生物量碳含量的上、下层均值表现为F3F2F1CKF4,而且30%的间伐强度样地土壤总有机碳含量和微生物量碳含量均最高。     

Seasonal,tissue and age influences on frequency and biodiversity of endophytic fungi of Citrus sinensis in Iran

A total of 4,009 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from healthy leaves, bark and xylem of Citrus sinensis in different seasons and age‐classes. Corresponding to those factors, the majorities of fungal isolates were recovered from leaves, 2‐yr‐old trees and winter, respectively. Fungal isolates were initially categorized based on cultural and morphological characters, and representatives of each morphotype were subjected to molecular identifications based on ITS‐rDNA and β‐tubulin sequences. All isolates obtained in this study belonged to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota assigned to 30 fungal taxa. The most abundant fungal species were Alternaria spp. Species diversity indices of Margalef richness and Shannon–Wiener revealed a high diversity of fungal taxa recovered from leaf and during winter. Frequency (%) of fungal endophytes was highest in winter followed by summer, autumn, and spring significantly, whereas the corresponding sequence was winter, autumn, summer and spring for the diversity of endophytic fungi. Overall, the results of this study based on the community and diversity of endophytic fungal species in C. sinensis showed that the type of plant tissue, season of sampling and age of tree play a driving role on their abundance while their diversity was mainly dependent on the type of plant tissue, season of sampling than on the age of tree.     

滇杨侧芽不同季节内源激素含量变化动态

In order to understand the content changes of endogenous hormones in lateral buds of Populus yunnanensis during different seasons, the lateral buds collected from stems of three-year old cuttings of P. yunnanensis were used as materials, contents of ABA, IAA and ZR in the lateral buds in the autumn, winter and spring were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results indicated that the contents of ABA and IAA were first decreased and then increased while the contents of ZR increased gradually, and the values of the three kinds of endogenous hormones reached maximum in spring. The content of each endogenous hormone among different seasons was different significantly. However, the ratio changes of ZR/ABA, ZR/IAA and ZR/(ABA+IAA) were first increased and then decreased, and all reached the maximum in winter, which were significantly higher than that in autumn and srping.     

三峡库区云阳县三种类型马尾松林微生物区系及优势种群分析Ⅱ.林地空气、叶面和树皮表面

为探讨马尾松不同类型林地地上部微生物区系及优势种群及其季节性变化,对三峡库区云阳县马尾松近熟龄天然林、中龄天然林和人工林林地空气、叶面和树皮表面等地上部的可培养细菌和真菌进行了分析。结果表明,空气、叶面和树皮表面的真菌、细菌两大类微生物数量四季变化趋势基本一致,夏季和秋季的数量多于冬季和春季,中龄天然林的两大类微生物数量最大且四季变化亦最大;优势种群的种类和数量随季节和林地类型不同而有所变化。人工林空气中可培养真菌种类秋、冬、春、夏分别有4、3、4、3种,近熟龄天然林和中龄天然林四季中均为3种;优势种群多     

Seasonal variation and ecological importance of tannin and nutrient concentrations in Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets and fine roots

In this study, we investigated the effects of environmental factors on plant phenolic variability, seasonal dynamics of total phenolic content(TP),extractable condensed tannins(ECT), protein-bound condensed tannins(PBCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins(FBCT), total condensed tannins(TCT), protein precipitation capacity(PPC) and nutrient content in the branchlets and fine roots of Casuarina equisetifolia. TP and TCT concentrations in branchlets were lowest in the spring, then increased in summer and autumn, similar to the seasonal dynamics in air temperature. TP and TCT concentrations in fine roots were highest in summer, coinciding with heavy precipitation. In general, TP and TCT concentrations were higher in branchlets than in fine roots. No significant difference was found in C concentration among various seasons for either branchlets or fine roots. Branchlets had significantly higher N and P concentrations than fine roots in most seasons. The C/N and N/P ratios in branchlets were significantly lower than in fine roots in all seasons, except summer. The relationship between branchlets and fine roots was significant for C, P and FBCT, but no significant relationships were found for N, TP, ECT, PBCT and TCT.Additionally, TP and TCT content were each significantly correlated with PPC in branchlets and in fine roots. Both TP/N and TCT/N ratios were highest in the autumn for the branchlets and in the summer for fine roots. The results indicate that high temperatures lead to increased tannin production in branchlets, but that the tannin content in fine roots is mainly affected by precipitation. Tannin content was greater in branchlets than in fine roots, which may indicate that selective pressure is greater on branchlets than on fine roots.