信任研究述评

自上世纪80年代以来,信任问题成为了学术界研究的热点与重点。由于研究角度不同、研究方法各异,以致信任的定义五花八门,给当前的信任研究造成极大的混乱。基于此,本文从研究对象、研究假设与研究方法三个维度试图对当前信任研究作一个大致的梳理和评价性总结。     

当代森林病理学的特征

森林病理学是一门应用植物病理学的基本概念、原理和方法,研究森林植物病害的发生机制与防控技术的自然科学。作为一门独立的学科始建于19世纪80年代前后,随后的100多年来,森林病理学已形成完整的学科体系。受当代生命学科整体飞速发展的推动和人类社会全球一体化战略背景的影响,当代森林病理学被赋予更丰富的内涵。森林病理学的研究目标兼顾国家经济利益和国家生态安全,具体研究对象包括寡元单纯系统、多元单纯系统和多元复杂系统,研究尺度跨越基因、细胞、组织、个体、种群、群落、生态系统到景观的各个尺度并展开在气候变化背景下的全球一体化研究,研究方法则更加侧重多学科的交叉技术体系,防控策略也不断呈现出新的主题和与自然的和谐统一。概括森林病理学经过100多年来的发展,在当今世界各国的研究现状和特征,为促进森林病理学与生命科学领域其他学科更加紧密地结合,推动森林病理学的发展提供借鉴。     

杜仲研究的现状与展望

总结和分析了杜仲的分类地位、分布、资源状况、栽培、剥皮再生、形态、解剖、药理、保健功能、化学成分、杜仲胶以及综合开发利用的研究状况,并针对目前杜仲研究存在的问题,提出了今后的研究方向.     

我国山苍子的研究现状及展望

综述了山苍子的生物学特征、用途,以及近年来山苍子的繁殖技术、造林技术、精油的提取纯化等方面的研究进展;总结了山苍子资源开发利用中存在的问题,提出山苍子研究的方向。     

山茱萸研究现状与展望

山茱萸是我国传统而珍贵的中药材。为了更好地开发和利用山茱萸资源,综述了近30年来我国有关山茱萸生态学及生物学特性、良种选育及繁殖、栽培技术等方面的研究进展和研究成果,并指明了今后有关山茱萸的科研、栽培和生产等方面的重要方向。     

基于文献计量学分析的我国桫椤研究现状

为了促进桫椤的信息交流,为其深入研究提供理论依据,以《中国期刊全文数据库》1986—2016年文献数据和Soo PAT搜索的专利数据为检索对象,采用文献计量学方法,简要总结分析31 a来我国桫椤研究的现状,对其年度分布、研究内容、文献源和核心作者群、专利情况等指标进行统计分析。结果显示:我国桫椤研究经历了初期缓慢、中期迅速及后期平稳3个发展阶段;研究内容涉及种群分布和物种多样性、繁殖栽培技术、资源保护、成分分析等多个领域;论文主要发布在《生命世界》、《安徽农业科学》、《云南植物研究》等期刊上;形成了以宋萍、敖光辉、陈封政、尚进和赵心益等为主的43位核心作者群,论文合作率高达58.2%,说明桫椤相关研究倾向于由合作团队来完成。     

美国林火研究历史与发展趋势

美国的林火研究已有很长历史 ,并且取得很多成果。林火研究与实践紧密结合 ,共同发展。美国有三个国家林火实验室 ,并且许多高等院校和地区性研究所也开展林火研究 ,他们的研究水平一直处于世界领先位置。目前 ,美国和其国国家密切合作 ,重点对温带和北方林进行研究     

珍稀濒危物种连香树研究进展

连香树为第三纪古热带植物的孑遗种单科植物,是著名古生树种之一,为我国二级保护稀有种。文章介绍了连香树的研究简史和它的生物学特性、生态学、繁殖等方面的研究现状,提出应加强连香树发育生物学、分子生物学、生理生态学等方面的研究,以更好地研究和保护此濒危珍稀物种。     

《经济林研究》征稿启事

1《经济林研究》简介《经济林研究》由中南林业科技大学主办,科学出版社出版。本刊是我国唯一的反映国内外经济林科学与技术领域最新研究成果的综合性科技期刊。其编辑委员会由我国从事经济林科研、教学、管理和生产的专家教授组成。本刊是中国自然科学核心期刊,国家科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊,中国科学引文数据库核心库期刊,中国学术期刊(光盘版)和中国期刊网等入编期刊．本刊在我国林学领域特别是经济林领域具有较高的权威性和较大的影响力．本刊面向国内外组稿．主要刊登经济林栽培、育种、育苗(包括常规育苗和快速繁殖)、产品贮藏加工、资源开发与利用、生产经营管理、发展战略以及与经济林有关的土壤学、植物学、生态学、生理生化、昆虫学、病理学等方面的论文．开设有综述、述评、研究论文、研究简报、实用技术、发展战略等栏目．     

我国中幼龄林抚育的研究现状及进展

根据国内外文献,综述了中、幼龄林抚育的概念、技术种类及研究现状,讨论了中、幼龄林抚育主要存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Agroforestry policy issues and research directions in the US and less developed countries: insights and challenges from recent experience

Efforts to improve the performance of agroforestry systems, and to expand the land area and number of people able to benefit from this integrative approach to agriculture and natural resource management, are constrained throughout the world by non-supportive land use policies. A growing sense of urgency that policy change is needed to enable agroforestry to flourish has contributed during the past two years to an unprecedented level of agroforestry policy assessment and planning activity.In the US, agroforestry has emerged from academia, where it has incubated since the mid-1980s, into the professional resource management arena. A multi-organizational agroforestry evaluation process has driven national policy and program formation to the forefront of the agenda of the agroforestry community, as it seeks to influence the 1995 Farm Bill. Internationally, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and collaborators fostered a sequence of policy issue identification activities as a basis for setting strategic research priorities for forestry and agroforestry.Following a brief review of forces driving agroforestry development in industrialized and less developed countries, the paper highlights recent policy assessment initiatives in each sphere. Observations on the issues driving and the priorities emerging from these processes are offered, to lend perspective to the critical challenges facing the agroforestry policy research community. An explanation for pervasive constraints and inconsistencies in policy effectiveness is then explored, from which a promising approach to research intervention is forwarded.It is argued that social scientists might influence agroforestry policy most favorably at this critical juncture, as perceptions of inter-dependence increase among different stakeholders in the policy system, by employing interventionist, actor-oriented perspectives and participatory methods to facilitate policy innovation and evaluation. The approach is consistent with participatory technology design processes that earlier helped to establish agroforestry as a prototype for sustainable development.     

Research opportunities to improve the production of homegardens

The management of home gardens on a widescale basis is reviewed and examples of specific systems are presented. Opportunities for improvement are presented and recommendations for research are given. Because of the contribution to supply food and goods to millions of people, the home gardens should play a more important role in development programs and more organized and directed research should be provided. This should contribute greatly to the yield from these land use systems.     

中国树木文化研究进展

对我国近年来有关树木文化的概念、文化属性、树木崇拜与宗教、树木美学、古树名木、栽培制度等方面的研究文献进行系统的梳理和综述,提出存在的问题并展望了树木文化研究趋势,旨在揭示树木文化的内涵,为不同树种的文化层面研究提供参考。     

Directions in tropical agroforestry research: past, present, and future

Reflections on the past two decades of organized research in tropical agroforestry raise several issues. Research efforts started with an inductive and experiential approach but have subsequently followed a deductive and experimental approach that includes hypothesis testing and the development of predictive capability; agroforestry research is thus being transformed into a rigorous scientific activity. The research agenda, so far, has given high priority to soil fertility and other biophysical interactions, less priority to anthropological and sociological aspects, and little priority to evaluating costs and returns, pests and diseases, and the so-called non-timber forest (tree) products. Moreover, larger-spatial-scale issues, such as carbon sequestration, water quality, and biodiversity conservation, have been neglected because of the emphasis on field- and farm-scale studies. Overall, the high expectations that were raised about the role and potential of agroforestry as a development vehicle have not been fulfilled. In order to overcome this, it is imperative that research be focused on the generation of appropriate, science-based technologies of wide applicability, especially under resource-poor conditions and in smallholder farming systems. Future research agendas should entail a judicious blending of science and technology. Applied research should build upon the findings of basic research to generate technologies for application at the farm, regional and global levels. Such research should place increased focus on previously neglected subjects, for example, the exploitation of indigenous fruit-producing trees, the agronomic components of agroforestry systems, and the global issues mentioned above. Furthermore, an appropriate methodology that embodies economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits needs to be developed to realistically assess the impacts of agroforestry, and an enabling policy environment that will facilitate agroforestry adoption needs to be made available. Agroforestry research of the 21st century should strive to build bridges from the inductive phase of the past, through the deductive phase of the present, to the future phase of harnessing science and generating technologies for the benefit of the land and its present and future users. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

植物体细胞胚胎发生研究进展

胚胎相关基因表达与蛋白质研究、细胞起源以及激素和渗透调节物质的作用是当前国际上植物体细胞胚胎发生的研究热点。我国在胚胎相关基因的表达与调控、人工种子制备等方面较国际先进水平存在一定差距。基因表达与调控、胚胎发生与相应细胞分裂调控变化的信号途径、生物反应器改进和应用等在一段时间内将成为研究的重点。     

麻疯树的研究进展

概述了麻疯树基础研究和应用研究方面取得的大量成果.基础研究方面介绍了麻疯树的建园整地、种质资源、栽培、施肥等方面的研究成果;应用研究方面对麻疯树在能源、医学、生物防治、生态、环保等方面的研究进展进行了综述.提出了今后需深入研究的方向.     

Participatory technology development in agroforestry: methods from a pilot project in Zimbabwe

An on-farm agroforestry pilot project was initiated by the Zimbabwe Forestry Commission in 1988. The main objective of the project is to investigate a range of options to solve problems of woodland depletion faced by small-scale farmers. This paper describes the first two years of on-farm experimentation. The first season's trials are described, and the rationale for moving towards an approach of greater farmer participation in the research process is given. Steps taken to promote experimental tree planting on farms are described, and methods used are illustrated by examples from the project. Critical awareness-raising techniques, steamming from Freirian philosophy, have been central to the methods. The need for a partnership between formal and informal farmer-based research is discussed, as is a model for agroforestry research and development. The latter is proposed in a way that formal research develops the components of agroforestry practices, whilst farmers are encouraged to experiment with a combination of these components in order to develop practices appropriate to local conditions.