水溶性壳聚糖纳米载体蛋白药物的体外释放模型

[目的]探讨水溶性壳聚糖（WSC）纳米蛋白药物载体的体外释放规律。[方法]以牛血清蛋白（BSA）为模型药物,分别采用动力学模型、Weibull模型、Gompertz模型、Logistic模型、Higuchi模型对纳米粒子的蛋白释放进行拟合试验。[结果]供试7个模型中,除Higuchi和Logistic模型外,其余模型均能较好地拟合BSA的释放情况。[结论]Gompertz二级模型能很好地拟合WSC纳米载体体系BSA的释放规律,且模型参数具备实际的物理意义。     

The Production of Organic-Inorganic Compound Film-Coated Urea and the Characteristics of Its Nutrient Release

The effect of different concentrations of natural macromolecular compound on the characteristics of nutrient release in the membrane materials of organic-inorganic compound film-coated urea was discussed, and the optimal concentrations for better nutrient release was proposed. The characteristics of nutrient release of film-coated urea were evaluated by soil column leaching experiment. Organic-inorganic compound film-coated urea showed good characteristics of nutrient release, which could be well simulated by Logistic curve. The two parameters in this curve, a and r, can be used to present nutrient release of film-coated urea, and followed the order of B 〉 C 〉 A and C 〈 B 〈 A, respectively, indicating that the release was stronger with the increasing concentration of natural macromolecular compound in the membrane, which implied better controllability of nutrient release. The concentration of 5% of natural macromolecular compound showed better characteristic of nutrient release and can be utilized as a membrane material combined with inorganic mineral powders to develop film-coated slow-release fertilizer.     

Predictive Modeling for Growth and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk

Predictive microbiology was utilized to model Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA) production in milk in this study. The modified logistic model, modified Gompertz model and Baranyi model were applied to model growth data of S. aureus between 15℃ and 37℃. Model comparisons indicated that Baranyi model described the growth data more accurately than two others with a mean square error of 0.0129. Growth rates generated from Baranyi model matched the observed ones with a bias factor of 0.999 and an accuracy factor of 1.01, and fit a square root model with respect to temperature; other two modified models both overestimated the observed ones. SEA amount began to be detected when the cell number reached 10~(6.4) cfu · mL~(-1), and showed the linear correlation with time. Besides, the rate of SEA production fitted an exponential relationship as a function of temperature. Predictions based on the study could be applied to indicate possible growth of S. aureus and prevent the occurrence of staphylococcal food poisoning.     

Growth Curves Analysis of Five Meat Rabbit Breeds

The growth curves of five meat rabbit breeds are fitted in form of Gompertz model,The results are shown as follows:the goodness of fit is higher than 99.50%;considering the body weight at one hundred day,the maximum weight(A),the instantaneous relative growth rate(K),lthe turning weight(W),the turning age(t),the early average daily gain(KW),selection,the Checkered Giant(GG) and the New Zealand White(NN) are better than other meat breeds,the slauthter age should be at the age of 90 day.     

池塘底泥营养盐释放的室内模拟研究(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to research the nutrients release of ponds sediment.[Method] The sediments which from a new pond(A) and an old one (B) these analyses used to carry out indoor experiment under the anaerobic dark condition for researching on nutrient release. The N(nitrogenous) and P(phosphorous) release were analyzed every two days.[Result] At the prophase, the N release in B was bigger than that in A, while the decline sediment release in A was gentle.[Conclusion] There was no accumulation of organic compound during the breeding time. The NH4-N was the main form of N release; and the P release was correlated with N release, while PO4-P was the main form of P release.     

Potential Geographic Distribution of Oriental Fruit Fly in Jiangxi Province

[Objective] The aim was to effectively monitor and manage oriental fruit fly.[Method] Maxent model and ArcGIS were used to predict potential geographic distributions of the oriental fruit fly based on associations between known occurrence records and a set of environmental variables.[Result] The suitable areas for Bactrocera dorsalis infestations were mainly restricted to central and southern Jiangxi Province,with Latitude ranged from 24 to 28°N.Northeast Jiangxi,Northwest Jiangxi and the regions bording upon Yangtse River were predicted as unsuitable for Bactrocera dorsalis.The fit for the model as measured by AUC was high,with value of 0.978 for the training data and 0.965 for the test data,indicating the high level of discriminatory power for the Maxent.A jackknife test in Maxent indicated that mean temperature of coldest quarter with highest gain value was the most important environmental variable that restricted the expansion to north Jiangxi Province.[Conclusion] Further research into the biology of the species and their ability to overcome barriers was necessary to explain niche differentiation and better understand invasion risk.     

Corn Heterotic Group and Model in Heilongjiang of China

The concept and research achievements of the heterotic group and model in corn were introduced briefly. The results showed that the domestic corn germplasm could be divided into three main heterotic groups and two main heterotic models. The research on corn germplasm in Heilongjiang Province could be concluded as three main heterotic groups and three main heterotic models. Some new opinions about corn heterotic group and heterotic model in Heilongjiang Province were proposed such as Northeast group and NortheastxLancaster model.     

Establishment of Kinetics Models for Batch Fermentation Process of β-mannase with Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04

In order to improve the yield of β-mannase and to investigate the rules of fermentation production, a high-yield β-mannase producing strain, Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04, was used to investigate the kinetics models based on the optimal fermentation conditions： HDYM-04 strain was fermented at 37℃ for 30 h with agitation speed at 300 r/min and aeration rate at 3 L/min in a 5 L fermenter, the initial addition amount of konjac flour was 2%（w/v）, the initial pH of medium was 8.0, and the inoculum concentration was 6.7%（v/v）. Three batch fermentation kinetic models were established （cell growth kinetic model, substrate consumption kinetic model, product formation kinetic model） bases on Logistic and Luedeking-Piret equations. To be specific, cell growth kinetic model was dX/dt =0.431X （1- X/ 15.522 ）, substrate consumption kinetic model was -ds/dt =1.11 dX/dt ＋0.000 2 dP/dt ＋0.000 8X, and product formation kinetic model was dP/dt=133.1 dX ＋222.87X. The correlation coefficients R^2 of the three equations were 0.990 21, 0.989 08 and 0.988 12, respectively, which indicated a good correlation between experimental values and models. Therefore, the three equations could be used to describe the processes of cell growth, enzyme synthesis and substrate consumption during batch fermentation using B. licheniformis strain HDYM-04. The establishment of batch fermentation kinetic models （cell growth kinetic model, substrate depletion kinetic model, product formation kinetic model） could lay the theoretical foundation and provide practical reference for the applica- tion of HDYM-04 in fermentation industry.     

The Effects of Peanut Intercropping with Different Gramineous Species and Their Intercropping Model on Iron Nutrition of Peanut

The effects of peanut intercropped with five different gramineous species with different phyto-siderophore release rate on iron nutrition of peanut were studied in field experiment. The rate of phyto-siderophore release of five gramineous species was as following: barley＞ oats＞ wheat＞＞ maize＞ sorghum.The results showed that intercropping of peanut with five gramineous species could improve iron nutrition ofpeanut respectively. This indicated that root exudates, especially for phytosiderophore of gramineous plantsplayed an important role in improvement of iron nutrition of peanut. Although phytosiderophore release ratesof maize and sorghum were lower than those of barley, oats and wheat, the five gramineous species had thesame effects on iron improvement of peanut. The less phytosiderophore release of maize was enough to improveiron nutrition of peanut in intercropping system. For every intercropping system, intercropping model Ⅱ ( theratio of gramineous plants: peanut: gramineous plants was 2: 3 : 2) was much better in improvement of ironnutrition of peanut than that of intercropping model Ⅰ (the ratio of gramineous plants: peanut : gramineousplants was 2: 6: 2). This led to have greater rhizosphere effect of gramineous plants on iron nutrition of pea-nut in intercropping model Ⅱ than intercropping model Ⅰ .     

Model Selection in Estimation of Covariance Functions for Growth of Angora Goats

Covariance functions have been proposed as an alternative to model longitudinal data in animal breeding because of their various merits in comparison to the classical analytical methods.In practical estimation,different models and polynomial orders fitted can influence the estimates of covariance functions and thus genetic parameters.The objective of this study was to select model for estimation of covariance functions for body weights of Angora goats at 7 time points.Covariance functions were estimated by fitting 6 random regression models with birth year,birth month,sex,age of dam,birth type,and relative birth date as fixed effects.Random effects involved were direct and maternal additive genetic,and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects with different orders of fit.Selection of model and orders of fit were carried out by likelihood ratio test and 4 types of information criteria.The results showed that model with 6 orders of polynomial fit for direct additive genetic and animal permanent environmental effects and 4 and 5 orders for maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects,respectively,were preferable for estimation of covariance functions.Models with and without maternal effects influenced the estimates of covariance functions greatly.Maternal permanent environmental effect does not explain the variation of all permanent environments,well suggesting different sources of permanent environmental effects also has large influence on covariance function estimates.     

水溶性壳聚糖纳米载体蛋白药物的体外释放模型

目前,人们已．归纳推导了10余种生物活性物质通过聚合物释放的数学模型。大致可分为：动力学模型（含零级动力学模型、一级动力学模型、二级动力学模型）、概率分布模型（如Weibull分布模型、对数正态分布模型）,此外还有Gompertz模型、Logistic模型、多项式模型、Higuchi模型等。因此,该研究以BSA为模型蛋白药物,分别采用一级动学模型、二级动力学模型、Gompertz模型、weibull分布模型、Higuchi和Logistic模型对水溶性壳聚糖（wsc）纳米粒子负载牛血清蛋白（BSA）以及体外释放进行拟合和验证,     

吉林芦花鸡生长发育规律研究

[目的]探索吉林芦花鸡的生长发育规律。[方法]利用非线性模型(Logistic、Gompertz、Bertalanffy)对吉林芦花鸡0~18周龄的生长发育规律进行了研究。[结果]3种生长曲线的拟合度均高于0.99,其中Bertalanffy模型的拟合度最高,能更好地拟合吉林芦花鸡的生长曲线。[结论]研究为吉林芦花鸡的保种、选育、饲养管理和开发利用提供了参考。     

朗德鹅早期生长发育模型研究

选用朗德鹅160只,测定8周龄前的体重、胫长、体斜长,并对各指标用Logistic模型、Bertalanffy模型、Gompertz模型进行生长曲线拟合。结果表明,3种模型都能很好地拟合朗德鹅各指标的生长曲线(R2均超过0.99),但综合分析表明Gompertz曲线对体重拟合最为合适(R2=0.9998);对胫长(Logistic模型:R2=0.9984)、体斜长(Logistic模型:R2=0.9978)指标,Logistic曲线拟合效果要优于Bertalanffy模型和Gompertz模型。     

大肠埃希氏菌在熟肉制品中生长预测模型的建立

【目的】建立大肠埃希氏菌在熟肉制品中的生长预测模型。【方法】分别将大肠埃希氏菌接种到熟猪肉的不同部位(猪肌肉组织和脂肪组织),以及接种到经不同盐质量分数加工过的熟肉中,测定大肠埃希氏菌菌落数,用Origin 8.0统计软件对数据进行模型拟合。【结果】两个温度下大肠埃希氏菌在熟猪瘦肉和脂肪上的生长用Gompertz方程拟合要比线性方程拟合的好,而Logistic方程则能较好的描述不同盐质量分数时大肠埃希氏菌在熟肉上的生长。模型拟合的标准差和相关系数相对较好,表明建立的Gompertz方程、线性方程和Logistic方程的模型均有效。【结论】Gompertz方程和Logistic方程能够很好预测大肠埃希氏菌在不同熟肉制品中的生长。     

原鸡与不同品种家鸡杂交F_1代生长发育研究

[目的]探讨原鸡与不同地方品种家鸡杂交后代的生长发育规律。[方法]以原鸡(♂)与不同地方鸡种(♀)(楚雄麻鸡、茶花鸡、绿耳乌骨鸡、原鸡)杂交组合F1代(♂)为研究对象,测定其0～22周龄的生长发育指标。运用Logistic、Gompertz和Bertalanffy 3种典型的非线性生长曲线模型分别对其进行拟合分析,同时利用逐步回归法建立最优回归方程。[结果]原鸡与不同家鸡杂交F1代(♂)体尺性状对体重影响程度或指标存在一定差异。Logistic和Gompertz模型回归方程的拟合度都达到0.99以上,很好地模拟了原鸡杂交代F1的生长发育规律。[结论]该研究为原鸡遗传资源的保存、利用和地方家鸡品种选育、改良提供了科学依据和参考。     

利用3种曲线模型拟合蝇蛆体质量的生长曲线

为研究蝇蛆的生长发育规律,以12 h为周期,测定1.0~4.0日龄蝇蛆的体质量数据,共采集到7个时间点数据,采用3种(Gompertz、Logistic、Bertalanffy)非线性生长模型对7个时间点的体质量进行生长曲线拟合。结果表明：3种非线性生长模型均具有较高的拟合度(R2＞0.970),其中Bertalanffy模型的拟合效果最好(R2=0.988),但其拐点与实际测量值相差甚远;Logistic模型与Gompertz模型拟合的拐点分别为(1.75 d,13.64 mg)、(1.53 d,10.30 mg),能较好地反映蝇蛆体质量的生长规律,但Logistic模型拟合度(R2=0.978)小于Gompertz模型的(R2=0.986),且整体标准误偏大。可见,在本研究条件下,Gompertz模型最适合用来拟合蝇蛆体质量的生长发育规律。     

海藻酸钠修饰的水溶性壳聚糖药物载体

[目的]改善水溶性壳聚糖（WSC）作为蛋白药物载体的作用。[方法]采用离子交联法制备海藻酸钠修饰的WSC纳米粒子并测定粒子的TEM、粒径和zeta-电位。[结果]WSC、负载BSA的WSC以及海藻酸钠修饰的WSC纳米粒子均呈球状,纳米粒子的粒径基本在200 nm以内,WSC和海藻酸钠修饰的WSC纳米粒子的粒径较小,在100 nm左右;而负载BSA的WSC粒子的粒径较大,在200 nm左右。当海藻酸钠浓度从0.1 mg/m l增大到0.3 mg/m l时,WSC纳米粒子的BSA负载率从32%增加到94%,载药量从4.8%增加到24.0%。在3 d内,WSC和海藻酸钠修饰的WSC纳米粒子的BSA释放量分别是40%和13%。[结论]海藻酸钠与WSC之间产生了较强的化学交联作用,且海藻酸钠的修饰提高了WSC纳米粒子的药物负载能力。     

优质三黄鸡粤黄882早期生长发育规律观测分析

[目的]观测分析优质三黄鸡粤黄882早期发育过程中体重与体尺的相关性,为后期动态研究三黄鸡的生长发育及制定生长计划提供科学依据.[方法]运用Logistic模型和Gompertz模型分别对0~9周龄三黄鸡粤黄882的体重进行生长曲线拟合,并以SPSS 10.0对其2、4、6和8周龄的体重与5个主要体尺指标(胫长、体斜长、胸骨长、胸深和胸宽)进行相关分析和体型指数计算.[结果]三黄鸡粤黄882的体重和体尺指标均随日龄的增长而逐渐增加,胫长、体斜长和胸骨长呈全期生长趋势,胸宽和胸深呈阶段性生长趋势,以4~6周龄的增长幅度较高;体重与5个主要体尺指标(胫长、体斜长、胸骨长、胸深和胸宽)间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).Logistic模型和Gompertz模型均可很好地拟合出三黄鸡粤黄882的生长曲线,拟合度(R2)在0.9980以上,综合极限体重、拐点周龄和体重等参数,发现Gompertz模型的拟合效果略优于Logistic模型.由Gompertz曲线方程拟合得出公鸡的生长曲线拐点为(8.15,1273.78),母鸡的生长曲线拐点为(4.08,419.25).[结论]三黄鸡粤黄882的生长拐点为公鸡8.15周、母鸡4.08周,公鸡较母鸡发育迟缓.由于公鸡和母鸡的生长速度不一致,其早期生长发育所需营养量也不同,因此三黄鸡粤黄882宜在4周龄前分群饲养,有助于发挥母鸡高水平的产蛋性能.     

湖北白猪优质系生长曲线分析

[目的]更好地了解湖北白猪优质系的生长发育规律和不同阶段生长潜力。[方法]测试102头湖北白猪优质系2个世代从出生到20日龄、50日龄及25~90 kg体重期间的生长发育情况,用Logistic和Gompertz方程对其生长曲线进行拟合和分析,推导了其达90 kg体重日龄校正公式。[结果]Logistic方程和Gompertz方程均可拟合湖北白猪优质系生长曲线,两方程的拟合度分别为0.9710和0.9760。湖北白猪优质系在122日龄左右生长最快,曲线模型中代表极限体重的参数A在同品种的不同个体间有较大差异,代表生长最大值的日龄参数lnb/k也存在着较大差异。湖北白猪优质系头2个世代达90 kg体重的日龄为(186.00±25.09)d。[结论]用Gomp-ertz方程拟合的湖北白猪优质系生长曲线的拐点为(121.59,52.13),最大日增重为657.00 g/d。