Effect and Functional Mechanism of the Action of Exogenous Gibberellin on Flowering of Peach

This study was conducted to assess the effect of gibberellin and its possible mechanism of action on peach flower formation. At flower induction, 100 mg L^-1 of gibberellic acid 3 （GA3） was sprayed on the leaves of peach [Prunus persica （L.） Batsch.] cv. Bayuecui. Using anatomy, immunohistochemistry, and semi-quantitation, the in situ distribution of GAs and the expression of the key genes involved in peach flower formation in the apical meristem were studied during flowering differentiation. The results showed that induction of flowering in the Bayuecui peach occurred prior to 10 July in Beijing, China. Flower induction and further differentiation of the peach flower organs were significantly inhibited by leaf-spraying of GA3 at a concentration of 100 mg L^-1 during the induction stage. The flowering rate was only 11.67% after treatment. The distribution of GA1 in the apical meristem varied during the process of flower bud differentiation. From 13 June to 25 July, the GA1 signal from control plants was detected mainly in the vascular bundles at the base of the flower buds. No GA1 signal was detected in the apical meristem. After treatment with GA3, the distribution was similar to that of the control from 13 June to 3 July. On 13 July, a GA1 signal was detected in the apical meristem accompanied by an increase in the GA1 signal in the vascular bundles at the base of the flower buds. The GA1 signal weakened significantly in both the vascular bundles and the apical meristem on 25 July. The expression of the genes PpLEAFY and MADS6 in flower buds could be detected only on 10 October in the GA3-treated plants. The critical period for flower induction of Bayuecui peach in Beijing was in early July, during which time, leaf-spraying with 100 mg L-1 GA3 could effectively inhibit flower induction and further differentiation of the flower buds. GA1 in the gibberellin family was the suppressor for flower induction in peach. Its action was affected by the stage of flower bud differentiation. Expression of the key gen     

Effect of Phytohormones on Adventitious Bud Differentiation from Bulb Scales of Oriental Lily Test-tube Plantlets

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were cul- tured in media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin at different concen- tration, and then the adventitious buds in each treatment were calculated. [Result] Cytokinins had different influence on the adventitious bud differentiation of the three oriental lily cultivars. Among them, 6-BA had the best effect to induce the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales of Tiber and Rodina, but there was some difference in the optimal concentration. KT had the best effect to induce the adven- titious bud differentiation of Constanta. The auxins had little influence on the quality of the adventitious bud of the three oriental lily cultivars, but caused some difference in differentiation coefficients. [Conclusion] The most suitable media for the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales in vitro of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were MS＋0.2 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, MS＋I.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA, MS＋ 1.0 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively.     

Effect of Photoperiod Treatments on Dormancy Induction and Changes in Correlated Respiratory Rate of Nectarine Peach Bud

The responses of dormancy induction to illumination and the characteristics of respiratory rate were studied with the nectarine peach bud in this article. The trial was conducted with nectarine （Prunus persica var. nectariana cv. Shuguang） and involved three treatments： a short day treatment （8 h）, a long day treatment （16 h）, and the normal condition as the control. The dormancy status was determined with the growth of shoot and the sprouting ability, and the respiratory rate was mensurated with oxygen electrode. Short day treatment could induce the growth stopping of peach shoots ahead, promote the development of dormancy, and induce buds into dormancy with 21 d previous to control. Long day treatment postponed the growth stopping and the induction and development of dormancy. The respiratory rate decreased according to the development of dormancy induction. The minimum respiratory rate appeared about 7 days after the start of dormancy induction. Bud respiratory rate increased during this period and then declined and remained at low level during dormancy period. Long day reduced buds respiratory rate slightly. Short day could induce dormancy obviously, and long day postponed dormancy induction. The changes of respiratory rate were correlated with the development of dormancy induction, and the bud respiratory rate was also affected by photoperiod.     

辣椒胞质雄性不育系(CMS)子叶培养植株再生(英文)

An in vitro shoot regeneration procedure was developed in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines 9704A and 8214A using cotyledon as explant. The callus and bud cluster derived from cotyledon tissue explants were proliferated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of 6-benzladenine (6-BA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and silver nitrate (AgNO3). From the formula of MS appended with 5.0 mg/L 6-BA, 1.0 mg/L IAA and 5.0 mg/L AgNO3, for the explants callus and bud cluster, the maximum differentiation rates (respectively 100.0% and 58.3%) and average number of adventitious bud from each explant (respectively 18.8 and 13.2) were obtained. The optimum medium combination for the elongation of adventitious bud was determined to be: MS+ 3.0 mg/L 6-BA + 1.0 mg/L IAA+ 5.0 mg/L AgNO3+ 2.0 mg/L GA3, from which the elongation rates of buds from callus and bud cluster were both 100%, and the average number of per explant adventitious bud number reached 6.3 and 5.8, respectively. And all the elongated shoots were successfully rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.3-0.5 mg/L IAA.     

Regulation of Development and Endogenous Polyamine Level in Chinese Cabbage (B. Campestris ssp. Pekinensis)

The endogenous polyamine levels were tested at every developmental stage in different ecotypes of the Chinese cabbage. The results showed that polyamincs (PAs) were decreased in the process of flower bud initiation and fornfation, but the floral stem formation and elongation were accompied by PAs increase. The level of Spm was related to the bolting date of Chinese cabbage. During the inducing of flower bud initiation and elongation of floral stem, and the changes of Spm were reversed between early bolting date and late bolting cultivars, but they have the same requirment for Spd for the starting of flower bud initiation and the starting of bolting. The level of Spd changed little during entire developmental stage for early bolting cultivars, but a lot for late bolting cultivars. The time that the highest level of Put appeared is related to the bolting date of Chinese cabbage.     

Study on the Relationship Between Sex Differentiation and Ethylene in Ramie

To explore the role of ethylene in sexual determination in ramie, the ethylene release rates in ramie stem apex of different sex, bud of the same node in female and hermaphrodite ramie in the second crop, and single inflorescence of different sex in hermaphrodite ramie were measured by gas chromatography. Effects of two ethylene inhibitors on sex expression in ramie were investigated. The ethylene release rate of stem apex was higher in the second crop or female ramie than that in the third crop or hermaphrodite ramie during growth. Although ethylene release rates between lower nodes and higher nodes were little different, it was lower in the middle nodes in hermaphrodite ramie. The ethylene release rates were higher in the higher nodes of female ramie at the second crop. At the third crop, the ethylene release rates were higher in lower nodes, lower in middle nodes and then highest in higher nodes in female ramie. However, an opposite ethylene release pattern was observed in hermaphrodite ramie. The ethylene release rate was higher in female flower than male flower and mixed inflorescence in hermaphrodite ramie. The male flower could be distinctly induced by AVG （aminooethoxyvinylglycine）. The node of the first male flower, percentage of female flowers and ratio of female flowers to male in ramie were evidently depressed by AVG in contrast to water. The percentage of mixed male and female flowers was also increased and the percentage of female flower decreased by spraying AgNO3. There was a close relationship between sexual differentiation and ethylene release rate in ramie. The female ramie could be induced by high ethylene release rate. The female flower could be inhibited by AVG and AgNO3. AVG at a concentration of 300 mg L^-1 was most effective.     

Effect of Different Growth State of Broccoli （Brassica oleracea var. italica） on Low Temperature Induction

The productive organ of brocooli is curd which is consisted of main scape which was breviate and fleshy and some numbers of branch curds, whereas every branch curd consist of first grade lateral scape which was breviate and fleshy and other grades lateral scape and flower buds[1].The size and weight of broccoli was main determ ined by the num bers and bulk of branch curds which were associated with the developm ental extent differentiation by them selves closely. So floral bud differentiation …     

不同肥料对椭圆叶花锚生长发育的比较研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of different treatments on development and growth of Halenia ellipitica D.Don.[Method] Three treatments (urea treatment group, diammonium phosphate treatment group and control group) were set in the experiment with 3 replications to detect plant height,root length, leaf number, branch number, flower number and biomass of Halenia ellipitica D.Don. in all experimental groups.[Result] The leaf number,branch number, flower number and output of crude drug of Halenia ellipitica D.Don. in urea treatment group were more than that of Halenia ellipitica D.Don. in diammonium phosphate treatment group and control group,however,the plant height and root length were not significantly different among all groups.[Conclusion] The urea generated better effect on Halenia ellipitica D.Don. cultivation than that produced by diammonium phosphate treatment.     

新育成反向核不育水稻FHS开花习性观察(英文)

[Objective] This study was to use reverse genic male sterile FHS better in field production. [Method] Low energy nitrogen ion beam was taken as a mutation source to conduct mutagenic treatment for indica rice 99-02 and the mutant FHS with special fertility that was isolated from their offspring. Some characteristics such as flowering habit and stigma exsertion rate of FHS were observed in this experiment. [Result] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had an obvious peak flowering stage from 10:00 to 10:30, while the second peak flowering was from August 5 to August 10. Compared with PA64S, FHS flowered early and its flowering time was concentrated, showing that it is for seed propagation. The stigma exsertion rate of FHS was 85.8% and low exsertion rate was good for the purity of seed. [Conclusion] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had good value in use, besides, it could also be used as comparison material for studying fertility alternation mechanism of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice.     

不同植物生长调节剂对杂交兰生长的影响

[目的]研究不同植物生长调节剂对杂交兰生长的影响。[方法]以两年生杂交兰"红美人"为材料,采用叶面喷施和假鳞茎喷施方式,研究不同植物生长调节剂和浓度对杂交兰生长的影响。[结果]采用叶面喷施方式,相比对照,100 mg/L GA3和150 mg/L GA3+150 mg/L 6-BA在前期促进花芽分化,但后期花芽未能成形,其余组合和浓度对花芽分化均呈抑制作用。高浓度TDZ和6-BA不利于花芽分化,6-BA尤为明显,但当6-BA组合适宜浓度的GA3时,呈现花芽分化抑制作用减弱现象,同时,植物生长调节剂均能提高腋芽诱导,且高浓度或组合GA3的6-BA作用尤为明显,在花梗长度的影响上,GA3能够有效增加花梗长度,当GA3组合6-BA时,虽可增加花梗长度,但后期开花掉苞严重。以假鳞茎喷施时,低浓度的6-BA和6-BA组合低浓度的GA3能够促进花芽和腋芽的形成。[结论]在两年生杂交兰促进花芽分化上,应以低浓度的6-BA喷施假鳞茎为佳;在促进花梗长度上,应以低浓度的GA3喷施叶面为宜。     

光周期对‘泰山-橙黄’万寿菊花芽分化和开花的影响

以泰山系列橙黄色万寿菊为试材,以雅安地区自然光周期(长日照)为对照,通过遮光处理,研究不同光周期(昼夜8/16 h、10/14 h、12/12 h)对‘泰山-橙黄’万寿菊花芽分化和开花的影响。结果显示:8/16 h处理的花芽分化起始和完成分别在处理后第5天和第2天,较10/14 h处理分别提前了2和5 d,较12/12 h处理分别提前了2和7 d,较对照分别提前了5和16 d;短日照处理使万寿菊开花提前及花期明显延长,其中8/16 h处理效果最明显;与对照相比,短日照处理下万寿菊的鲜花产量显著增加,而盛花期的舌状小花数和花径均显著减小;随着日照时间的减少,株高、基茎、株幅和干质量均有不同程度的减小。以上结果表明,光周期处理可以有效地调节‘泰山-橙黄’万寿菊花芽分化和开花进程,日照时间越少,开花越早,花期越长,而植株长势越弱。     

几种化学调节剂对板栗实生树阶段转变和提早开花的影响

[目的]为缩短板栗的育种周期提供理论和技术支持。[方法]采用6-BA、KT、S3307、CCC和PP3335种化学调节剂喷施二年生板栗实生树,研究不同化学调节剂及组合对其开花结果、始花节位和阶段转变的影响,并筛选最佳促花措施。[结果]喷施1次KT1 mg/L+PP3331000 mg/L对板栗雄花序分化量的促进作用最大,而1 mg/LKT和50 mg/L6-BA对板栗雄花序分化量的抑制作用最大。各处理均能显著促进雌花簇分化,以KT1 mg/L+PP3331 000 mg/L的效果最好。喷施2次50 mg/L6-BA对板栗花芽分化的延迟作用最明显,而喷施3次1 000 mg/LPP333对降低板栗实生树开花节位的效应最明显。当板栗实生树生长到39节时,其发育过程中的童期已经结束。[结论]大多数板栗在定植后第2年就有成花能力,第3年可开花结果。关键词板栗;实生树;化学调节剂;提早开花;阶段转变     

温度调控对南岭莪术根茎开花与花芽分化的影响

 【目的】研究在贮藏、催芽及水养阶段温度调控对南岭莪术根茎休眠、花芽分化、开花及品质的影响,为南岭莪术生产开发,尤其是作为年宵花卉早春促成栽培提供指导。【方法】 设置南岭莪术根茎贮藏、催芽阶段温度与时间的组合处理,测量品质指标,并对不同发育阶段花芽分化过程进行外观和解剖形态学观察。【结果】 15℃贮藏30 d是南岭莪术根茎完成休眠的最短时间,贮藏时间超过60 d,开花率略有下降;根茎贮藏处理后,再经25—30℃催芽10—30 d可诱导花芽分化,并极显著地缩短了根茎定植到开花和展叶的时间;尤其是15℃贮藏50 d再经过30℃催芽30 d的根茎开花率高达92%,且花期可控制在春节。芽体发育到阶段1的南岭莪术根茎常温水培不能开花,此时为花芽分化起始期;发育到阶段2和阶段3的根茎分别进入花序原基及苞叶原基分化期和花蕾原基分化期,常温水培开花率分别为50%和66%;阶段4的根茎进入花器官分化期,花芽分化不可逆转,在常温水养开花率为100%。【结论】南岭莪术根茎贮藏可缩短休眠时间,高温诱导花芽分化,30℃培养至第4阶段进行市场交易,可成为高品质早春开花的水培花卉。     

桂南一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄花芽分化进程调控

[目的]了解和掌握不同调控措施下桂南夏黑葡萄新梢冬芽花芽分化的关键时期,为其一年两收栽培二次果花芽分化调控提供参考依据.[方法]以8年生夏黑葡萄为试材,于新梢5~7片叶时开始每周采集第6节位芽,通过制作石蜡切片,探讨不同夏季修剪强度(花上2片叶摘心、花上4片叶摘心和花上6片叶摘心)和乙烯利喷施浓度(200、400和800 mg/L)对桂南一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄新梢花芽分化进程及成花率的影响.[结果]不同夏季修剪强度处理的夏黑葡萄新梢冬芽从花芽分化开始(3月29日)到稳定形成花穗(4月27日~5月4日)历时29~37 d,比对照(不摘心,不喷施乙烯利)植株缩短14~22 d,其花芽分化关键时期在4月13日(盛花期)前后.不同夏季修剪强度处理下夏黑葡萄新梢第6节位花芽分化集中、花芽分化进程历时短、成花率(53.3%~73.3%)相对较高.不同乙烯利喷施浓度处理下夏黑葡萄新梢第6节位花芽分化各时期出现不集中,花芽分化进程历时长(52 d),成花率(33.3%~40.0%)较对照低.[结论]不同夏季修剪强度均可促进桂南一年两收栽培夏黑葡萄新梢花芽分化进程,其中花上6片叶摘心是促进夏黑葡萄新梢第6节位花芽分化集中、花芽分化进程时间缩短的一项重要措施.     

施用6-BA对春石斛花芽分化及内源激素的影响

该文研究了施用6-BA对春石斛品种花芽分化及ZT、IAA、 ABA、 GA3的影响。结果表明:施用浓度为1 000 mg/L 6-BA,极显著地提高了春石斛花芽形成个数和单株花芽形成率,并促使花芽分化的进程提前;施用1 000 mg/L 6-BA提高了花芽内ZT的含量,降低了GA3和ABA的含量,花芽形态分化前IAA含量降低,而后IAA含量升高; 施用1 000 mg/L 6-BA提高了春石斛花芽内ZT/GA3、ZT/IAA、ZT/ABA的比值,降低了ABA/IAA的比值,这可能促进了花芽的分化和形成。      

短日照处理对草莓花芽分化的影响

[目的]为张家口坝上地区草莓栽培制定适宜的管理措施提供理论依据。[方法]以3个一季性、1个四季性草莓品种为材料,采用黑膜进行短日照处理,对照不加盖黑膜,研究短日照处理对草莓花芽分化的影响。[结果]短日照处理对一季性草莓品种的花芽分化有促进作用,使花芽分化提前5 d,而对四季性草莓品种花芽分化的影响不大。8月29日短日照处理各草莓品种的40%~60%开始花芽分化,9月3日对照花芽分化开始。四季性草莓品种无论是对照还是处理,每次观察都能看到花芽分化的各个时期。[结论]短日照处理促使一季性草莓品种的花芽分化提前5 d,可以用来调控坝上地区草莓的花芽分化。     

‘火焰’品种彩色马蹄莲组培快繁体系的建立及优化

[目的]建立并优化‘火焰’品种彩色马蹄莲组培快繁体系。[方法]以‘火焰’品种彩色马蹄莲的球茎嫩芽为试验材料,对其组织培养无性繁殖体系进行研究。[结果]最佳诱导培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/LNAA;最佳增殖培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA;植株再生最适合培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA;最适生根培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+2.0 g/L活性炭。[结论]该研究建立了‘火焰’品种彩色马蹄莲的组培快繁体系,为其快速繁殖及产业化生产提供了技术和理论依据。     

植物生长调节剂对蝴蝶兰花芽分化与发育的影响

研究了6-BA、B_9、PP_(333)、GA、TDZ等植物生长调节剂的处理浓度和处理方式对蝴蝶兰花芽分化和发育的影响,结果显示,采用植物生长调节剂凋控蝴蝶兰花芽分化时,喷施处理的效果优于涂抹处理,其中用6-BA 25 mg/L喷施处理可以显著地促进蝴蝶兰花芽分化和发育.     

白玉龙火龙果不同外植体的离体培养

【目的】研究白玉龙火龙果子叶、下胚轴及子叶节的不定芽诱导及茎段增殖技术,为白玉龙火龙果的品种改良及快繁育苗提供技术支持。【方法】以白玉龙火龙果种子培育的无菌苗为材料,采用正交试验设计分析不同培养基、不同植物生长调节剂与浓度及其组合对白玉龙火龙果子叶、下胚轴及子叶节不定芽诱导及茎段增殖与生根的影响。【结果】白玉龙火龙果子叶、下胚轴及子叶节均能直接诱导不定芽发生。其中,16个正交处理均能诱导子叶节不定芽发生,其最优诱导培养基为WPM+0.50 mg/L TDZ+0.50 mg/L CPPU+0.05 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA,诱导率为87.1%~100.0%;子叶仅1个处理未能诱导出不定芽,最高诱导率为36.0%,其最优诱导培养基为1/2MS+0.50 mg/L TDZ+0.05mg/L CPPU+2.00 mg/L 6-BA+0 mg/L NAA;下胚轴仅5个处理能诱导出不定芽,最高诱导率仅3.0%,其最优诱导培养基为1/2MS+0.05 mg/L TDZ+2.00 mg/L CPPU+1.00 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA。茎段去顶处理有利于腋芽的诱导萌发,去顶处理的最大增殖系数为4.2,不去顶处理的最大增殖系数为3.1,其最优增殖培养基为WPM+0.50 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L IBA。NAA处理能促进茎段生根,适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.1~0.5 mg/L NAA,生根率达100.0%。【结论】不同基本培养基、植物生长调节剂与浓度及其组合均能诱导白玉龙火龙果子叶、下胚轴和子叶节不定芽发生及茎段芽增殖和不定根产生。其中,不定芽诱导以子叶节最易诱导发生,其次为子叶,下胚轴较难;茎段芽增殖和不定根诱导均较容易。