大果沙棘品种在大庆地区引种初报

通过在大庆地区引种大果沙棘优良品种的调查结果显示,引种的11个大果沙棘品种生长正常,嫩枝扦插育苗成功,其中表现较好的为：楚伊、巴彦郭尔、橙色、齐棘1号和绥棘3号。     

优良树莓品种及当地野生树莓的生活力与抗病虫性比较研究

研究了8个树莓品种与当地表现良好的2个野生种的生活力和抗病虫性。结果表明,不同的树莓品种与野生种间生活力存在差别,生活力最强的树莓品种为Chengong no-thorn black raspberry、Willamette和2个野生种R.biflorus与R.niveus;茎腐病和叶斑病是树莓的2种主要真菌病害,抗病性较强的为树莓品种Chengong no-thorn black raspberry、Fengmanhong、Fall Gold、Golden har-vest和两个野生种R.niveus与R.biflorus;果蝇和小长蝽是危害树莓果实和花的主要害虫,受虫害程度最轻的是树莓品种Chengongno-thorn black raspberry、Fengmanhong、Boyne和2个野生种R.niveus与R.biflorus。     

树莓经济性状主成分分析及优种选择

应用主成分分析法,从样本相关矩阵出发,对11个树莓品系的13个主要经济性状进行分析,以累积贡献率达到85%以上为依据,确定了反映树莓主要经济性状的3个主成分及其函数方程;并通过计算各品系的主成分值进行比较,从中选出综合经济性状优良的品系,其结果与品种的实际表现相接近。表明用主成分分析对树莓品种进行选择比传统打分评优更准确、更科学,可为树莓优良品种的选择提供理论依据。     

Identification,characterization and full-length sequence analysis of a novel endornavirus in common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

To identify the possible quarantine viruses in seven common sunflower varieties imported from the United States of America and the Netherlands, we tested total RNAs extracted from the leaf tissues using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. After analysis of small RNA sequencing data, no any quarantine virus was found, but a double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) molecule showing typical genomic features of endornavirus was detected in two varieties, X3939 and SH1108. Full-length sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that it is a novel endornavirus, temporarily named as Helianthus annuus alphaendornavirus(HaEV). Its full genome corresponds to a 14 662-bp dsRNA segment, including a 21-nt 5′ untranslated region(UTR), 3' UTR ending with the unique sequence CCCCCCCC and lacking a poly(A) tail. An open reading frame(ORF) that encodes a deduced 4 867 amino acids(aa) polyprotein with three domains: RdRP, Hel and UGT(UDP-glycosyltransferase). HaEV mainly distributed in the cytoplasm but less in the nucleus of leaf cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) experiment. This virus has a high seed infection rate in the five varieties, X3907, X3939, A231, SH1108 and SR1320. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the virus of the family Endornaviridae in the common sunflower.     

Transgenic Crysanthemum plants transformed with the gene encoding for the virus B coat protein

Chrysanthemum transgenic plants with integrated single and double copies of the gene encoding for the virus B coat protein have been created via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Both mRNA and the gene product have been revealed in several transformed lines only. The use of the transgenic chrysanthemum plants in the development of varieties resistant to the B virus is discussed.     

树莓果实维生素C积累与其合成氧化酶的关系

对4个品种的树莓(Rubus idaeus)果实生长过程中还原型维生素C(AsA)、氧化型维生素C(DHA)及总维生素C舍量进行了分析,并对L-半乳糖酸-1,4-内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)3种酶的活性进行了测定分析.结果显示,AsA和总维生素C含量随着果实的成熟而逐渐上升.4个品种中GalLDH活性与AsA积累之间均呈显著正相关.AAO和APX活性与AsA含量相关性不显著,而APX活性与DHA含量呈显著正相关.说明不同树莓品种间维生素C含量存在差异的原因与其GalLDH及APX活性有关.     

树莓果实维生素C含量测定方法的研究

分别采用2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法、二甲苯-2,6-二氯靛酚比色法、直接碘量法3种方法测定费尔杜德、哈瑞太滋、拖拉米3个树莓品种果实中的维生素C含量。结果表明,采用直接碘量法能较准确地对其测定。     

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.     

中菲水稻病毒病的比较研究Ⅴ．水稻种质对病毒及其介体的抗性

采用网箱集团接种结合玻管定苗定虫接种技术，测定比较了中菲栽培稻的８１个品种和野生稻的３个种，对两国水稻东格鲁病和水稻草状矮化病的病原病毒及其介体的抗性，筛选出了能同时抗水稻东格鲁球状病毒（ＲＴＳＶ）、水稻东格鲁杆状病毒（ＲＴＢＶ）和水稻草状矮化状病毒（ＲＧＳＶ）的３个株系以上的多抗性抗源─中山红无名种、Ｏｒｙｚａｎｉｖａｒａ和Ｏ．ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓ，高抗这些病毒两个株系以上的多抗性品种─汕优桂３３、金早６号、ＨＢ４３７、Ｐａｎｋｈａｒｉ２０３、ＩＲ２８、ＩＲ５８和赤块矮选．高抗ＲＴＳＶ、ＲＴＢＶ介体黑尾叶蝉的品种─ＩＲ２８、ＧａｍＰａｉ３０１２－１５和Ｐａｎｋｈａｒｉ２０３，高抗ＲＧＳＶ介体褐飞虱的品种─ＩＲ２８和ＩＲ６４．     

树莓绿枝扦插繁殖技术的研究

以2个树莓优良栽培品种美国22号红树莓和黑莓A4-17为试材,进行了绿枝扦插繁殖技术的研究。结果表明,美国22号红树莓选择半木质化绿枝作为插条生根能力最好,生根率可达80%以上的生产指标;插条基部不同激素处理方式两个品种均以蘸药处理生根效果好;除去插条基部1~2节叶柄,同时在高浓度激素中添加100~150 mg/L的H2BO3,生根率可达80%~90%;品种间生根能力有一定差异,黑莓A4-17的生根能力比美国22号红树莓强。     

转LTP基因T_0代小麦的获得及抗条锈病鉴定

以小麦生产品种小偃22、科农199和西农1376为受体品种,植物抗菌蛋白基因LTP作为目的基因,构建pAHC25-LTP表达载体,利用基因枪法转化小麦幼胚愈伤组织,获得转LTP基因T0代小麦1247株。经草铵膦(Phosphinothricin,PPT)抗性筛选及PCR分子检测,获得阳性再生植株209株,转化率1.87%。阳性再生植株接种条锈菌CYR29、CYR31和CYR32混合小种后进行抗条锈病鉴定,获得抗性植株74株,其中抗性显著提高的抗病植株11株。本研究初步证明抗菌蛋白基因LTP在小麦抗条锈病菌的侵染中有一定作用,为获得转抗菌蛋白基因的抗条锈病小麦品种奠定基础,以期获得育种中可应用的新型抗源材料。     

树莓和黑莓引种品种果实营养成分分析

分析测定了树莓和黑莓引种品种果实营养成分。结果表明，各参试品种(树莓图拉名(Tulameen)、秀美特(Summit)、威廉姆特(Willamette)和黑莓黑巴提(Black buttee)、百胜(Boysen))均含有丰富的营养成分，不同品种在营养成分含量上存在明显的差异，其中以树莓秀美特的营养成分含量最高。     

Evaluation of Chinese rice varieties resistant to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, which is distributed worldwide, is considered a major constraint on rice production in Asia. The present study used the root gall index and number of nematodes inside the roots to evaluate resistance/susceptibility to M. graminicola in different subpopulations of Oryza sativa(aus, hybrid aus, indica, hybrid indica, temperate japonica, tropical japonica). Nematode development in highly resistant varieties was also evaluated. Analyses of randomly selected 35 varieties showed the number of M. graminicola nematodes inside the roots correlated very strongly(r=0.87, P≤0.05) with the nematode gall index, and the results from pot and field experiments revealed similar rankings of the varieties for resistance/susceptibility. Among the 136 tested varieties, temperate japonica displayed the highest gall index, followed by tropical japonica, indica, hybrid indica, aus, and hybrid aus. Zhonghua 11(aus), Shenliangyou 1(hybrid aus) and Cliangyou 4418(hybrid indica) were highly resistant to M. graminicola under both pot and field conditions. Further examination of nematode development suggested that compared to susceptible rice, M. graminicola penetrated less often into highly resistant varieties and more frequently failed to develop into females. The promising varieties found in the present research might be useful for the breeding of hybrid rice in China and for the further development of practical nematode management measures.     

Constructing of Bluetongue virus group-specific recombinant antigen producer

The article is dedicated to constructing of Bluetongue virus group-specific recombinant antigen producer (VP7). The basic phases of making the construction are described: cloning VP7 gene into procariotic vector, E. coli clones selection which are born recombinant plasmid, confirmation of expressing protein specificity in ELISA.     

托拉米和Heritage红树莓品种在天津地区的引种初报

对新引进的两个红树莓品种托拉米和Heritage在天津进行引种观察,并对它们的生长结果习性、萌蘖枝长势和果实性状进行调查。结果表明,两个品种的生长势较好,果实性状良好,适宜在天津地区发展。     

不同大麦种质资源对中国和英国大麦黄花叶病原反应的比较

 35个供试欧洲大麦品种（包括21个当地免疫或高抗品种）对来自江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所农场、如东农业科学研究所和上海农业科学院农场的大麦黄花叶病毒源（除法国免疫品种Energy外）都表现为感病；11个中国大麦免疫品种对英国大麦黄花叶病毒和大麦和性花叶病毒仍表现为免疫；6个供试日本大麦免疫品种，3个（Kinuy utaka, Nishno Gold 和Senbon Hadaka）对中英大麦黄花叶病毒源免疫，但Haganemugi（ym3）对中国大麦黄花叶病毒免疫，而对英国大麦黄花叶病毒感病，反之，Kinonijo3对英国大麦黄花叶病毒免疫而对中国大麦黄花叶病毒感病。所有免疫大麦品种仅抗病毒增殖，但对多粘菌介体不抗。     

Effect of Furolan on the pigment, IAA, protein and total nitrogen contents of germinal leaves of winter wheat

The winter wheat seeds (of three varieties namely Batko, Diya and Krasnodar 99) were germinated and investigated for the effect of growth regulator, Furolan on the pigment, IAA and total nitrogen and protein contents of their germinal leaves. Results showed differences in pigment contents of the germinal leaves of winter wheat varieties studied. Furolan increased the contents of chlorophyll a in all the varieties studied by the range of 22.7–26.4%. The amount of chlorophyll b in Diya’s variety increased by 22.2% while the amount of contents of carotenoids in Batko variety increased by 43.5% in comparison with the control. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and b was recorded in Batko and the least in Diya variety. The reverse was the case with the carotenoids: Furolan increased the amount of carotenoids in all the varieties; the highest amount of carotenoids was observed in Diya variety and Batko variety recorded the least amount In all the varieties studied the Furolan increased the IAA, total nitrogen and protein contents in comparison to the control.     

Chinese wheat mosaic virus: A long-term threat to wheat in China

In China, a soil-borne virus causing a disease of winter wheat and associated with Polymyxa graminis, has been reported for many years and is now recognized as a new species, Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV). Since the determination of its genomic sequence, more progress has been made in understanding its genomic structure and functions. Molecular and serological methods have been developed to help survey the distribution of the virus and to provide the basic information needed for disease forecasting and control. At present, the best countermeasure is cultivation of resistant wheat varieties. In addition, development and application of some auxiliary countermeasures, such as rotation of non-host crops, delayed seed-sowing, reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer, and treatment of imported seeds with fungicides before sowing, may be helpful for controlling the disease. The viral distribution and damage, virion properties, genome organization and spontaneous mutation, temperature sensitivity, and disease management options are here reviewed and/or discussed to help in developing more cost-effective countermeasures to control the disease in the future.