鸡生长激素cDNA及其5''''端调控区的克隆分析

从肉用品种鸡构建的垂体文库中克隆分离了鸡生长激素ｃＤＮＡ,并作了核苷酸序列测定。克隆的鸡生长激素ｃＤＮＡ序列全长为７８９个碱基对,其中５＇非转译区为４０个碱基对,３’非转译区为１０１个碱基对,编码区为６４８个碱基对。通过序列比较分析,克隆的鸡生长激素ｃＤＮＡ序列与已报道的蛋用品种鸡生长激素ｃＤＮＡ序列的同源性为９６％,与鸭生长激素序列的同源性为８７％,但与火鸡生长激素序列的同源性只有５２％。通过ＰＣＲ技术,本研究还扩增了６个鸡品种的生长激素基因５’端调控区。尽管这些鸡品种的生产性能差异显著,但序列分析表明鸡生长激素基因５’端调控区十分保守。因而,鸡生长激素基因表达的差异可能受到内含子或３’端侧翼序列的影响。另外,鸡生长激素对多人数量性状的影响也在本文中进行了讨论。     

猪生长激素启动子的克隆及功能分析

[目的]克隆猪生长激素启动子,确定其启动子核心序列和主要的顺式作用元件。[方法]根据NCBI上公布的序列设计引物,PCR扩增了猪生长激素5’端-1 821～+61 bp的序列,并通过移步缺失的方法,获得9段长短不一的启动子序列,将其分别构建到双荧光素酶表达载体pGL3-basic上。通过重组质粒瞬时转染大鼠垂体瘤细胞(GH3)、猪髋动脉血管内皮细胞(PIEC)和猪肾细胞(PK15)和转染后细胞荧光素酶活性的测定,检测这些5’末端缺失质粒在垂体及非垂体细胞中的相对转录活性。[结果]成功扩增了猪GH基因5’上游启动区1 882 bp的片段,并构建了9个pGL3-mGH promoter报告基因载体;双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统证实插入报告基因载体中的启动子具有非常强的细胞特异性。[结论]猪生长激素特异性在垂体细胞中表达,其最小启动子位于-110 bp以内,启动子区-218～-110 bp和-429～-218 bp间存在正向调控元件。     

猪生长激素启动子的克隆及功能分析(英文)

[目的]克隆猪生长激素启动子,确定其启动子核心序列和主要的顺式作用元件。[方法]根据NCBI上公布的序列设计引物,PCR扩增了猪生长激素5’端-1821~+61bp的序列,并通过移步缺失的方法,获得9段长短不一的启动子序列,将其分别构建到双荧光素酶表达载体pGL3-basic上。通过重组质粒瞬时转染大鼠垂体瘤细胞(GH3)、猪髋动脉血管内皮细胞(PIEC)和猪肾细胞(PK15)和转染后细胞荧光素酶活性的测定,检测这些5’末端缺失质粒在垂体及非垂体细胞中的相对转录活性。[结果]成功扩增了猪GH基因5’上游启动区1882bp的片段并构建了9个pGL3-mGHpromoter报告基因载体;双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统证实插入报告基因载体中的启动子具有非常强的细胞特异性。[结论]猪生长激素特异性在垂体细胞中表达,其最小启动子位于-110bp以内,启动子区-218~-110bp和-429~-218bp间存在正向调控元件。     

Nucleotide sequence of the oncogene encoding the p21 transforming protein of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus

The transforming protein ofKirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV) is a virally encoded 21-kilodalton protein called p21 kis. The sequences encoding p21 kis were genetically localized to a 1.3-kilobase segment near the 5' end of the viral genome by assaying the capacity of a series of defined deletion mutants of molecularly cloned Ki-MuSV DNA to induce focal transformation of mouse cells. Nucleotide sequencing of a portion of this region has led to the identification of an open reading frame of 567 nucleotides coding for p21 kis protein.     

Amplification and enhanced expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in A431 human carcinoma cells

The sequence of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor shows great homology with the avian erythroblastosis virus v-erb B oncogene, raising the possibility that the receptor gene is identical to the c-erb B protooncogene. Human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, which have an unusually high number of EGF receptors, were examined to determine whether elevated EGF receptor levels correlate with gene amplification. Southern blots of genomic DNA's from A431 and other human cell lines were probed with either a v-erb B gene fragment or a human EGF receptor complementary DNA clone (pE7), previously isolated from an A431 complementary DNA library. When either probe was used to analyze Eco RI- or Hind III-generated DNA fragments, EGF receptor DNA sequences were amplified about 30-fold in A431. Differences in the banding pattern of A431 DNA fragments relative to normal fibroblast DNA indicate the occurrence of a rearrangement in the region of the receptor gene. Furthermore, A431 cells contain a characteristic, prominent 2.9-kilobase RNA. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in A431 cells, gene amplification, possibly associated with a translocation event, may result in the overproduction of EGF receptor protein or the appearance of the transformed phenotype (or both).     

Human multidrug-resistant cell lines: increased mdr1 expression can precede gene amplification

The development of simultaneous resistance to multiple structurally unrelated drugs is a major impediment to cancer chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance in human KB carcinoma cells selected in colchicine, vinblastine, or Adriamycin is associated with amplification of specific DNA sequences (the multidrug resistance locus, mdr1). During colchicine selection resistance is initially accompanied by elevated expression of a 4.5-kilobase mdr1 messenger RNA (mRNA) without amplification of the corresponding genomic sequences. During selection for increased levels of resistance, expression of this mRNA is increased simultaneously with amplification of mdr1 DNA. Increased expression and amplification of mdr1 sequences were also found in multidrug-resistant sublines of human leukemia and ovarian carcinoma cells. These results suggest that increased expression of mdr1 mRNA is a common mechanism for multidrug resistance in human cells. Activation of the mdr1 gene by mutations or epigenetic changes may precede its amplification during the development of resistance.     

鸭卵清蛋白5''端调控区的克隆和序列分析

通过PCR技术从产蛋鸭输卵管基因组中扩增出1．2kb的鸭清蛋白5’端调控区，将其亚克隆入phDl8-T载体的多克隆位点(命名为pOV)，经酶切和测序鉴定可作为启动外源基因表达的调控序列。为构建其启动外源基因的质粒表达载体作准备。     

拟南芥2A6基因正义、反义植物表达载体的构建

利用PCR技术从番茄基因组中扩增了长约1.1kb的E8基因启动子,构建了中间表达载体pCAMBI-AE8;利用RT-PCR方法从拟南芥中扩增了长约1 197bp的2A6基因全长cDNA编码区,将其定向插入pCAMBI-AE8,构建了正义植物表达载体pCAMBIAE8-2A6;同时扩增了长约500bp的cDNA片段,定向插入pCAMBI-AE8,构建了反义植物表达载体pCAMBIAE8-2A6anti.以此为基础,可以进一步研究2A6基因的差异表达对转基因拟南芥角果发育的影响,达到揭示2A6基因功能的目的.     

广西草龟GH基因全序列克隆及测序分析

[目的]了解广西草龟生长激素(GH)基因全序列结构特点及其与其他物种间的关系,为进一步研究GH基因的结构、功能、遗传变异规律及其与生产性能的关系提供科学依据.[方法]根据GenBank上已公布的黄喉拟水龟GH基因序列设计合成9对特异性引物,以广西草龟基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,所获得目的片段经纯化、克隆、鉴定和测序后,用Vector NTI Advance 10软件将各扩增序列拼接,获得草龟生长激素基因全序列,并用DNASTAR软件MegAlign程序中的Alignment Report和NCBI的BLAST对草龟GH基因全序列进行同源性比对分析及构建基于GH基因编码序列的物种间亲缘进化树.[结果]广西草龟GH基因全长8538 bp,与黄喉拟水龟GH基因全长8517 bp相比,二者的同源性高达98%,其中有118个碱基发生突变,插入37个碱基,14个位点发生碱基缺失;与鸡、鸭、鹌鹑、鸵鸟、红树林蛇的同源性分别为88%、83%、87%、86%和84%.[结论]GH基因编码序列具有较高的保守性.     

Direct cloning and sequence analysis of enzymatically amplified genomic sequences

A method is described for directly cloning enzymatically amplified segments of genomic DNA into an M13 vector for sequence analysis. A 110-base pair fragment of the human beta-globin gene and a 242-base pair fragment of the human leukocyte antigen DQ alpha locus were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method, a procedure based on repeated cycles of denaturation, primer annealing, and extension by DNA polymerase I. Oligonucleotide primers with restriction endonuclease sites added to their 5' ends were used to facilitate the cloning of the amplified DNA. The analysis of cloned products allowed the quantitative evaluation of the amplification method's specificity and fidelity. Given the low frequency of sequence errors observed, this approach promises to be a rapid method for obtaining reliable genomic sequences from nanogram amounts of DNA.     

球孢白僵菌硝酸还原酶基因同源重组载体的构建

根据已报道球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)硝酸还原酶基因(nitrate reductase,NR)序列设计引物,从球孢白僵菌D1-5菌株基因组DNA中扩增并克隆该基因上下游片段NR1和NR2,成功构建了球孢白僵菌NR基因同源重组敲除载体,以期敲除球孢白僵菌的NR基因,建立白僵菌同源重组基因敲除体系。     

猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体的构建及其功能鉴定

【目的】利用正负筛选策略,构建猪肌肉生长抑素（Myostatin,MSTN）基因的双筛选标记打靶载体。【方法】以猪胎儿成纤维细胞DNA为模板,PCR扩增MSTN基因同源长、短臂;采用PCR和Overlap PCR扩增打靶载体正筛选标记嘌呤霉素和绿色荧光蛋白基因及负筛选标记单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因。以pUC57载体为骨架载体,在其多克隆位点连接一段包括Frt序列在内的酶切位点的多克隆位点序列,在2个Frt序列之间连接正筛选标记嘌呤霉素基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因,在Frt序列两侧分别连接5.7和1.9 kb的MSTN基因同源长、短臂;在同源短臂后连接负筛选标记单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因,将目的片段与载体定向连接克隆。用脂质体法将打靶载体转染猪肾细胞（PK15细胞）,用嘌呤霉素和丙氧鸟苷进行正负筛选,验证正负筛选标记基因的功能。【结果】成功克隆了猪MSTN基因同源长、短臂及正筛选嘌呤霉素和绿色荧光蛋白基因及负筛选单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因,构建了猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体,打靶载体长14 kb。在打靶载体转染的PK15细胞中,正负筛选标记基因均有生物学活性。【结论】成功构建了猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体。     

A large deletion within the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene complex in New Zealand white mice

The T-cell receptor beta-chain gene complex contains a duplication of D beta, J beta, and C beta gene segments in mice and man. When DNA from many inbred strains of mice was screened an unusual allele of the beta locus was identified in New Zealand White (NZW) mice. This allele is distinguished by the deletion of an 8.8-kilobase segment of DNA containing C beta 1, D beta 2 and the J beta 2 cluster. Despite the fact that all NZW T-cell receptors must be derived from a single set of beta-chain gene segments, this strain has functional T cells and is phenotypically normal. This deletion of T-cell receptor beta-chain segments occurs in a strain known to contribute to lupus-like autoimmune disease.     

HSV_1-TK基因原核表达载体的构建及表达检测

探讨自杀基因HSV1-TK原核表达情况,为进一步将细菌载体应用于肿瘤基因治疗奠定基础。首先以质粒pHSV-106为模板,通过PCR获得HSV1-TK基因克隆并将其与原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1连接,重组质粒经鉴定后将其转化到E.coli BL21,观察其蛋白表达情况。结果表明,TK基因全长1 128 bp,与理论值相符。经测序发现插入到载体pGEX-6P-1上的DNA片段与TK基因的同源性为100%;SDS-PAGE可明显看出大小为41 ku的TK酶表达,并随时间的延长表达量不断增加。试验证明来源于单纯疱疹病毒的胸苷激酶能够实现原核表达,这一结果是应用细菌载体携带自杀基因TK治疗肿瘤的前提。     

J genes for heavy chain immunoglobulins of mouse

A 15,8-kilobase pair fragment of BALB/c mouse liver DNA, cloned in the Charon 4A lambda phage vector system, was shown to contain the mu heavy chain constant region (CHmu) gene for the mouse immunoglobulin M. In addition, this fragment of DNA contains at least two J genes, used to code for the carboxyl terminal portion of heavy chain variable regions. These genes are located in genomic DNA about eight kilobase pairs to the 5' side of the CHmu gene. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1120-base pair stretch of DNA that includes the two J genes has been determined.