共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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以南瓜胚囊再生植株为材料,采用形态学鉴定法、根尖染色体计数法和气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法3种方法对46株南瓜胚囊再生植株的倍性进行鉴定。结果表明:在46株再生植株中,有12株再生植株生长势弱、叶片较薄、叶脉不明显、分枝少、根系不发达,与其他倍性植株在形态上有明显差异;进一步进行染色体计数后,发现仅有7株再生植株的染色体数n=x=22,7株单倍体植株的保卫细胞叶绿体数的平均值为4.28个,正常二倍体组培苗的平均叶绿体数目为8.37个。说明形态学鉴定法只能作为倍性鉴定的一种辅助方法,而染色体计数法虽直接、准确,但效率低,气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法高效、简便。 相似文献
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甘蓝类蔬菜小孢子再生植株染色体倍性与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
【目的】研究甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子再生植株的染色体倍性与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性,为甘蓝类蔬菜提供一种快速、简易、经济、实用而又可靠的倍性鉴定方法。【方法】采用分布型分析和t测验,对结球甘蓝、青花菜和芥蓝不同倍性的小孢子再生植株的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数进行统计分析。以根尖染色体计数法和田间形态学观察法的倍性鉴定结果,对叶绿体数分界法的可靠性进行验证。【结果】同一倍性植株上的不同叶片间及同一叶片的不同部位间,气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数平均值及变异幅度非常接近。同一小孢子再生植株群体内的不同倍性植株的叶绿体数平均值差异极显著。不同倍性植株间的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数均呈正态分布。本研究提出了一种根据甘蓝类蔬菜气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数进行染色体倍性鉴定的方法,即气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数≤10的为单倍体,10<叶绿体数≤15的为二倍体,>15的为多倍体。该方法经花期形态学观察和根尖染色体计数法验证,其吻合率达93.93%,且此倍性鉴定方法稳定,不受植株生长环境等外界因素影响。【结论】甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子再生植株的染色体倍性,可于幼苗期根据气孔叶绿体数目的多少进行鉴定,而且此倍性鉴定方法简单、快捷、经济而又可靠。 相似文献
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用西瓜叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数鉴定西瓜染色体倍性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了寻求简便、快速的西瓜染色体倍性鉴定方法,以二倍体西瓜TS和0517及其同源四倍体为试材,通过观察叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数来鉴定西瓜染色体倍性.结果表明,两倍性间的叶绿体数差异显著.二倍体叶绿体数在15个以下,四倍体叶绿体数大于等于15个;气孔叶绿体数随染色体倍性的增加而增加,用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数预测植株倍性的准确率可达90.2%,因此,用万能荧光显微镜观察叶绿体数可以在苗期快速、准确地确定植株的染色体倍性. 相似文献
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西葫芦胚囊再生植株快速繁殖及倍性鉴定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以西葫芦胚囊再生植株的茎尖为外植体,系统研究了植物生长调节剂对植株茎尖增殖和增殖腋芽生根的影响,比较了茎尖、根尖及卷须利用染色体计数法进行倍性鉴定的差异,并对气孔密度、保卫细胞叶绿体数与倍性的关系进行探索。结果表明,诱导腋芽最佳培养基是MS+0.50 mg/L6-BA,增殖腋芽生根最适培养基为MS+0.10 mg/L NAA;单倍体和二倍体植株间的气孔密度、保卫细胞叶绿体数的差异均显著,相同面积(100倍显微镜视野面积1.77 mm~2)内气孔数随倍性的增加而减少,气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数随倍性的增加而增加,以7个作为判定倍性的分界指标,叶绿体数小于7个的为单倍体,大于或等于7个的为二倍体,判定单倍体和二倍体的准确率分别达95.73%和94.51%。另外,卷须作为染色体倍性鉴定材料效果好,是根尖鉴定的有效替代材料。 相似文献
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以非洲菊大孢子再生植株群体为材料进行倍性鉴定,并以染色体计数法的鉴定结果为依据,研究利用DNA流式细胞仪测定法、气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法和形态学特征鉴定非洲菊大孢子再生植株倍性的可靠性。结果表明,非洲菊大孢子再生植株是倍性水平不同的混合群体,倍性分布为单倍体、二倍体和混倍体,但不同基因型各倍性植株所占比例不同;根尖染色体计数法直观、准确,但因非洲菊染色体小且数目较多而导致计数困难;DNA流式细胞仪鉴定法的准确率达95%以上,可用于再生植株群体倍性的快速鉴定;气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法的准确性还有待进一步探讨;植株形态鉴定法受培养条件及评定标准的影响较大,准确率偏低。 相似文献
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《金陵科技学院学报》2016,(1)
采用细胞中染色体计数、叶绿体计数和叶片下表皮气孔大小观测等方法,以植株来源的原始二倍体为对照,对茄子花药培养获得的7个植株进行倍性鉴定。结果表明:7个再生植株中,5株为单倍体,1株为二倍体,1株为四倍体。根尖细胞染色体计数法是鉴定单倍体的最佳方法;多倍体可以采用减数分裂过程进行倍性鉴定;表皮气孔大小、保卫细胞中叶绿体数目、成株期叶形指数均可以作为倍性鉴定的间接方法;3种间接鉴定方法结合植株结实和结籽性,可以准确鉴定植株倍性。 相似文献
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烟草花粉植株染色体倍性的早期快速鉴定 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
显了提高烟草单倍体育种效率,对用叶绿体计数法鉴定植株染色体倍性进行了研究。其结果是:以展开第5叶为材料,用植株气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数倍性分界法能早期、快速判定经秋水仙碱处理的烟草花粉植株是单倍体、二倍体或多倍体,其判定结果与开花结实情况有非常高的吻合率,且判定每株仅需1 ̄2min。 相似文献
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YUAN Su-xia LIU Yu-mei FANG Zhi-yuan YANG Li-mei ZHUANG Mu ZHANG Yang-yong SUN Pei-tian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(8)
The relationship between the ploidy level of microspore-derived plants and chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells was studied in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale. In the experiment, distribution statistics analysis and t-test were used to perform statistical analysis on chloroplast number of different ploidy level in those stomatal guard cells mentioned above, and morphology identifying and chromosome counting were used to test accuracy of counting chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. The chloroplast average number in stomatal guard cells was very similar among the different leaf positions on the same plant and among the different locations in the same leaf, while the chloroplast number varied significantly among the different ploidy stoma in the same variety. All the distributions of the chloroplast number in different ploidy stoma were normal distribution fitted. A correlation has been established between ploidy and chloroplast number in the stomatal guard cells. In every single stoma of microspore-derived plants, the chloroplast number for a haploid should not be more than 10, diploids 11 to 15, and polyploids more than 15. The accuracy of this method for identification of different ploidy plants was 93.93%. Furthermore, the accuracy of this method was reliable and did not vary with the plants growth conditions. Therefore, the chromosome ploidy of plants derived from microspore culture in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale can be identified by simply counting the chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. 相似文献
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YUAN Su-xia LIU Yu-mei FANG Zhi-yuan YANG Li-mei ZHUANG Mu ZHANG Yang-yong SUN Pei-tian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(8):939-946
The relationship between the ploidy level of microspore-derived plants and chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells was studied in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale. In the experiment, distribution statistics analysis and t-test were used to perform statistical analysis on chloroplast number of different ploidy level in those stomatal guard cells mentioned above, and morphology identifying and chromosome counting were used to test accuracy of counting chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. The chloroplast average number in stomatal guard cells was very similar among the different leaf positions on the same plant and among significantly among the different ploidy the different locations in the same stoma in the same variety. All the leaf, while the chloroplast number varied distributions of the chloroplast number in different ploidy stoma were normal distribution fitted. A correlation has been established between ploidy and chloroplast number in the stomatal guard cells. In every single stoma of microspore-derived plants, the chloroplast number for a haploid should not be more than 10, diploids 11 to 15, and polyploids more than 15. The accuracy of this method for identification of different ploidy plants was 93.93%. Furthermore, the accuracy of this method was reliable and did not vary with the plants growth conditions. Therefore, the chromosome ploidy of plants derived from microspore culture in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale can be identified by simply counting the chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. 相似文献
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饲用甜菜染色体倍性与叶片气孔性状相关性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以饲用甜菜二倍体和四倍体为试验材料,研究了气孔的长、宽度及气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目与倍性的关系.结果表明:二倍体植株与四倍体植株的气孔长、宽度和保卫细胞叶绿体数之间差异显著.四倍体气孔长度约为二倍体的1.8倍,宽度约为二倍体的1.42倍;且相对于气孔宽度,气孔长度具有更好的可靠性和区分效果;二倍体植株与四倍体植株的保卫细胞叶绿体数的平均值分别为13.69和23.24,可将保卫细胞气孔长度与保卫细胞叶绿体数两个气孔性状相结合,作为饲用甜菜多倍体育种初期的筛选鉴定指标. 相似文献
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烟草花粉植株染色体倍性苗期快速鉴定 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了提高烟草单倍体育种中花粉苗的利用效率,采用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法对花粉植株染色体倍数性鉴定进行了研究.结果表明:单倍体、二倍体、多倍体的叶绿体数平均值分别为11.559,20.458,35.056个,差异极显著;通过对叶片进行失水处理,解决了幼嫩叶片不易制片的问题,结合第3,5,8,13,17叶的叶绿体数分布,将鉴定时期提到了移栽前的第5叶,得出了每株只计数1个气孔叶绿体数的一种快速、准确的计数方法--叶绿体数倍性分界法.该方法准确率高达98.5%. 相似文献