Brain serotonin content: physiological dependence on plasma tryptophan levels

Brain serotonin cocentrations at 1 p.m. were significantly elevated 1 hour after rats received a dose of L-tryptophan (12.5 milligrams per kilogram. intraperitoneally) smaller than one-twentieth of the normal daily dietary intake. Plasma and brain tryptophan levels were elevated 10 to 60 minutes after the injection, but they never exceeded the concentrationis that occur nocturnally in untreated aninmals as result of their normal 24-hour rhythms. These data suggest that physiological changes in plasma tryptophan concentration influenice brain serotonin levels.     

单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂对豚鼠胆红素神经毒性的影响

目的 观察单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂(简称GM1)对豚鼠胆红素神经毒性的影响.方法 在制作胆红素脑病动物模型基础上予GM1干预,观察对照组、模型组、干预组新生豚鼠(每组12只)干预后4、8h的脑组织ATP含量与含水量、脑组织超微结构.结果 模型组与干预组脑组织ATP含量(4、8h)明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),且干预组与模型组比较差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05);模型组脑组织含水量在干预后8h显著增高(P＜0.05),GM1干预治疗可显著减轻胆红素毒性脑水肿(P＜0.05);脑组织超微结构变化与之相符.结论 沉积于脑组织胆红素可抑制神经元能量代谢,致脑细胞水肿;GM1可影响能量代谢变化,减轻脑水肿,对胆红素神经毒性具有治疗作用.     

Persistent increase in brain serotonin turnover after chronic administration of LSD in the rat

Lysergic acid diethylamide at doses of 20 micrograms per kilogram per day was administered orally to rats for I month. Eighteen hours after the final dose a 25 to 30 percent increase in the synthesis and turnover of serotonin was noted, as well as a moderate but significant increase in the concentration of tryptophan (18 percent) and serotonin (13 percent) in the brain.     

饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及种鸽产蛋性能的影响

【目的】探索日粮不同粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和种鸽产蛋性能的影响。【方法】选用健康、体质量和产蛋性能相近的180对种鸽,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复6对种鸽。5个处理组种鸽分别饲喂含粗蛋白质质量分数为15%、16%、17%、18%和19%的日粮,试验期包括种鸽产蛋期、孵化期、乳鸽哺育期和种鸽再产蛋期,共计1个生产周期。【结果】与其他处理组相比,饲喂18%粗蛋白质日粮组在乳鸽1~14日龄和1~21日龄平均日增质量均为最大,比15%粗蛋白质日粮组分别增加7.3%(P0.05)和3.2%(P0.05)。试验期间,各处理组间种鸽的采食量和料质量比均未见显著差异(P0.05)。与15%粗蛋白质日粮组相比,18%粗蛋白质日粮组乳鸽的全净膛率和胸肌率分别显著增加2.7%和6.4%(P0.05);胸肌滴水损失和剪切力显著降低10.5%和11.4%(P0.05)。与其他各组相比,18%和19%粗蛋白质日粮组种鸽的产蛋间隔可缩短1 d(P0.05);在种鸽哺育期间和乳鸽上市后1周内,18%粗蛋白质日粮组产蛋种鸽的比例最高(P0.05)。【结论】综合各指标和二次曲线回归分析结果,18%粗蛋白质日粮组乳鸽的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和种鸽的产蛋性均较好,建议孵化和哺育期种鸽日粮适宜的粗蛋白质质量分数为18%。     

多维饮水抗运输应激对鸽血液皮质酮和生化指标的影响

为探究长途运输对鸽子造成应激的程度,评价多维饮水缓解鸽子运输应激的作用,本试验选取成年欧洲肉鸽40对随机分为两组,试验组运输前48 h开始饮用多维,对照组不采取任何措施直接运输,装笼前和经过2 h运输后,两组分别采集血液,测定相关指标.测定显示,运输后,试验组和对照组皮质酮(CORT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、葡萄糖(Glu)三个指标极显著上升(P<0.01),谷酰胺转肽酶(GGT)显著下降(P<0.05);谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性对照组显著提高(P<0.05),而试验组没有差异(P>0.05);白蛋白(ALB)、尿酸(UA)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平对照组没有明面差异(P>0.05),试验组明显上升(P<0.05);总蛋白(TP)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆固醇(CHO)试验组和对照组都没有产生明显差异(P>0.05).试验组运输后总蛋白(TP)浓度显著大于对照组运输后总蛋白(TP)浓度(P<0.05).结果提示,运输对鸽子的应激主要表现在心肌、肝脏的损伤,运输前通过饮用多维可有效缓解应激.     

Brain serotonin content: physiological regulation by plasma neutral amino acids

When plasma tryptophan is elevated by the injection of tryptophan or insulin, or by the consumption of carbohydrates, brain tryptophan and serotonin also rise; however, when even larger elevations of plasma tryptophan are produced by the ingestion of protein-containing diets, brain tryptophan and serotonin do not change. The main determinant of brain tryptophan and serotonin concentrations does not appear to be plasma tryptophan alone, but the ratio of this amino acid to other plasma neutral amino acids (that is, tyrosine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine) that compete with it for uptake into the brain.     

Brain catecholamines: relation to defense reaction evoked by acute brainstem transection in cat

The concentration of noradrenaline, but not serotonin, in the brainstem of cats is reduced 3 hours after the production of a defense reaction by supracollicular decerebration, even when movements and changes in blood pressure are abolished by transection of the spinal cord. After midcollicular decerebration, which does not elicit a defense reaction, noradrenaline concentrations do not change. The decrease in its concentration accompanying the defense reaction produtced by brain lesions probably reflects activity, in this behavior, of neturons containinig noradrenaline.     

Long-term amphetamine treatment decreases brain serotonin metabolism: implications for theories of schizophrenia

Long-term amphetamine administration to cats (a mean of 8.75 milligrams per kilogram twice daily for 10 days) produced large decreases (40 to 67 percent in serotonin and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in all brain regions examined. This treatment also produced several behaviors that are dependent on depressed central serotonergic neurotransmission, and which normally are elicited exclusively by hallucinogenic drugs. Short-term amphetamine administration (15 mg/kg) did not produce these behaviors and resulted in small decreases in brain serotonin and no change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data are discussed in the context of monoamine theories of schizophrenia.     

G-CSF对脑挫伤大鼠血清及脑组织中NO、MDA和SOD含量的影响

目的观察粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）对脑挫伤大鼠血清及脑组织中一氧化氮（NO）、丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量的影响,探讨G-CSF在治疗脑挫伤中的作用.方法将大鼠随机分为治疗组、对照组和正常组,采用自由落体法致SD大鼠脑挫伤动物模型,正常组不致伤.治疗组脑挫伤2h后开始应用G-CSF（浓度为2mg/L）一次性皮下注射50μg/kg治疗.对照组和正常组皮下注射等量生理盐水.给药结束后24h检测治疗组、对照组及正常组大鼠血清及脑组织中NO、MDA和SOD的含量.结果脑挫伤后,对照组大鼠血清及脑组织中NO和MDA含量明显高于正常组,SOD的活性明显低于正常组.治疗组大鼠血清及脑组织中NO和MDA含量明显低于对照组,SOD的活性明显高于对照组.结论G-CSF能有效地提高脑挫伤大鼠血清及脑组织中SOD的活性,降低NO和MDA含量,保护脑组织,改善脑水肿,从而起到了一定的治疗作用.     

鸽冠状病毒的分离与鉴定

从有呼吸道症状、有胰脏充出血、肺脏肉样病变的肉鸽中,通过鸡胚接种、电镜观察和反转录套式PCR分析,证实分离的病毒为冠状病毒;经过动物试验,鸡传染性支气管炎标准毒株（IBV M41）不引起试验鸽感染,而本次分离株对试验鸽具有一定的致病性,表明该分离株与IBV有较大差异,暂命名为鸽冠状病毒（PSH）.     

Temporal synergism of corticosterone and prolactin controlling gonadal growth in sparrows

Gonadal growth was controlled in two avian species by corticosterone and prolactin injected daily at various times. Testicular growth was induced in photorefractory house sparrows (Passer domesticus) kept in continuous light by prolactin injected 4 or 8 hours after administration of corticosterone. Other temporal patterns were ineffective. Gonadal growth was also stimulated in photosensitive white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) kept in continuous light by prolactin injected 12 hours after administration of corticosterone. Daily injections of prolactin 8 hours after injection of corticosterone inhibited gonadal growth. The seasonal cycle of reproductive photorefractoriness and photosensitivity is controlled by a changing relation between the daily rhythms of plasma concentrations of corticosterone and prolactin.     

依达拉奉对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的神经保护作用

目的研究自由基清除剂依达拉奉对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤的神经保护作用,方法采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血-再灌注模型,将SD大鼠分为再灌注组和依达拉奉组,再灌注组和依达拉奉组按再灌注2，6，12，24，48h分为5个组,依达拉奉组在缺血2h后解除栓塞，给依达拉奉3mg·kg^-1静脉注射，首次给药24h后相同剂量再次给药,再灌注组给予0.9％氯化钠溶液，给药剂量、实践和方法同依达拉奉组,检测各组血清丙二醛（MDA）浓度，免疫组化染色及原住细胞凋亡检测法（TUNEL法）测定脑系组织bcl-2蛋白表达扣凋亡细胞数，并测量各组脑梗死体积,结果依达拉奉组再灌注后6，12，24，48h的梗死体积血清MDA浓度TUNEL阳性细胞数均明显小于再灌注组（P〈0.05），各时间点bcl-2蛋白均高于再灌注组（P〈0.01）,结论依达拉奉可以降低羟自由基水平，对抗细胞凋亡，对脑缺血-灌注损伤大鼠神经有明显保护作用.     

肉鸡鼻气管鸟杆菌的分离鉴定

从发病雏鸡肺脏、气囊分离到一种细菌 ,通过菌株形态、菌落性状、染色特性、培养特性、生化试验等一系列鉴定 ,确定为鼻气管鸟杆菌。该菌通过滴鼻、静脉注射 2种途径接种于易感的鸽子、肉鸡 ,3d后均发病 ,7d后部分死亡 ,产生以鼻流黏液、呼吸不畅和肺炎为主要特征的一种疾病 ,与自然病例极相似。     

G—CSF对脑挫伤大鼠血浆及脑组织中AngⅡ和ET含量的影响

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子（G—CSF）对脑挫伤大鼠血浆及脑组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ／（AngⅡ）和内皮素（ET）含量的影响．方法采用自由落体法致SD大鼠脑挫伤动物模型．将大鼠随机分为治疗组、对照组和正常组,治疗组脑挫伤后2h开始应用G-CSF（浓度为2mg／L）皮下注射10ptg／kg／d,共5d．对照组和正常组2h后给予...     

G—CSF对脑挫伤大鼠血浆及脑组织中AngⅡ和ET含量的影响

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子（G—CSF）对脑挫伤大鼠血浆及脑组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ／（AngⅡ）和内皮素（ET）含量的影响．方法采用自由落体法致SD大鼠脑挫伤动物模型．将大鼠随机分为治疗组、对照组和正常组,治疗组脑挫伤后2h开始应用G-CSF（浓度为2mg／L）皮下注射10ptg／kg／d,共5d．对照组和正常组2h后给予等量的生理盐水皮下注射,共5d．正常组假手术不致伤．每组大鼠再随机分为两个亚组分别为治疗1周组、治疗2周组、对照1周组、对照2周组、正常1周组和正常2周组．分别在造模成功1周和2周后检测各组血浆及脑组织中AngⅡ和ET的含量．结果1周：对照组血浆及脑组织中AngⅡ和ET的含量均增高,与正常组比较有差异（P〈O．05）．2周：对照组血浆及脑组织中AngII和ET的含量增加更加明显,与正常组比较有显著的差异（P〈O．01）．治疗组1周和2周的结果是血浆及脑组织中AngⅡ和ET的含量与对照组比较均有降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．结论脑挫伤大鼠血浆及脑组织中Ang1I和ET的含量明显升高,G-CSF能降低两者的含量,从而起到对受损伤的脑组织的保护作用．     

急性缺氧对小鼠丘脑肥大细胞的影响

应用组织化学方法对对照组、缺氧组以及雌激素预处理缺氧组小鼠脑内肥大细胞(Mast Cell,MC)的数量、活性、分布范围及组化性质进行研究.结果表明:肥大细胞主要分布于小鼠丘脑,随急性缺氧时间的延长,缺氧组和雌激素预处理缺氧组小鼠丘脑内肥大细胞和脱颗粒数量急剧增多,均极显著高于同期对照组(P<0.01),且缺氧组在急性缺氧8 h和恢复正常9 h再缺氧3 h时,肥大细胞的脱颗粒现象最显著.而雌激素预处理缺氧组小鼠肥大细胞和脱颗粒数量均极显著低于同期缺氧组(P<0.01).AB-S染色显示,小鼠脑内绝大多数为黏膜肥大细胞,少数为结缔组织肥大细胞.研究结果表明:丘脑肥大细胞可能参与急性缺氧造成脑损伤的病理过程,雌激素作为肥大细胞膜的稳定剂对脑损伤起保护作用.     

Camptothecin blocks memory of conditioned avoidance in the goldfish

Intracranial injection of 10 to 75 micrograms of camptothecin, a plant alkaloid that blocks RNA synthesis in eucaryotic cells, blocks incorporation of tritiated uridine into RNA in the goldfish brain. Injection of 10 to 50 micrograms of the drug within 1.5 hours of training results in greatly diminished memory, tested 1 week later. Injection of the drug 5 or 24 hours after training produces no measurable effect on retention of the learned response.     

Arginine vasotocin: effects on development of reproductive organs

Immature 25-day-old mice were injected daily with 1 microgram of arginine vasotocin for 3 or 4 days and killed 24 hours after the last injection. The ovaries were 30 percent smaller in treated females than in controls. The ventral prostates and accessory organs (seminal vesicles and coagulating glands) were less than half the size of these structures in control males. Similar results were observed when 15-day-old mice were given similar injections and killed 2 weeks after the last injection; furthermore, testis weights were 28 percent smaller than those of controls. It is speculated that arginine vasotocin, which has been found in mammalian pineal glands, might mediate effects of the pineal gland on normal sexual development.     

犬心肺复苏中浅低温闭胸心肺转流对脑的保护作用

目的观察闭胸浅低温心肺转流（CPB）对犬心肺复苏中脑损伤的保护作用。方法制作犬心搏骤停模型,停搏15min后行浅低温（32-34℃）（A组,n=6）和正常体温非开胸CPB复苏（B组,n=6）。于停搏前、停搏后15min,CPB开始后l、3h抽血,于3h取大脑皮层,测定血清和脑组织S100β蛋白浓度。结果停搏15min和CPB开始后1、3h,A、B两组犬血浆S100β含量均明显高于停搏前（P〈0．01）;A组于CPB1、3h时的S100β含量明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,CPB后3h,A组大脑皮层中S100β含量为（2．051±0．923）pg／（mg·prot）,明显低于B组（4．068±1．462）pg／（mg·prot）（P〈0．05）。结论犬心脏停搏15min后行浅低温闭胸CPB复苏对大脑皮层的损伤较轻,有一定保护作用。     

Puromycin and cycloheximide: different effects on hippocampal electrical activity

Abstract. Mice were injected in the temporal region of the brain with cycloheximide or puromycin; both agents markedly inhibit protein synthesis in the brain. Recordings of electrical activity were made in the hippocampal region 5 hours after injection of these drugs. The amplitude and frequency observed in records from mice injected with cycloheximide were indistinguishable from those injected with saline alone. Records from puromycin-injected mice were strikingly abnormal. This finding may contribute to the differences in behavioral effects of intracerebral injections of the two inhibitors of protein synthesis studied.