奶山羊产后胎衣不下的病因及防制

1病因 1.1组织结构因素.①羊的胎盘属于上皮绒膜与结缔组织绒毛混合型,胎儿胎盘与母体胎盘致密相连.②子宫内膜炎、沙门氏杆菌病、维生素A缺乏等引起胎盘发炎而粘连.     

奶牛产后胎盘组织中RhoA/Rho激酶的表达与胎衣不下的关系探讨

通过检测胎衣不下组与对照组奶牛子宫肉阜组织中RhoA及Rho的mRNA表达量,探讨RhoA/Rho激酶与胎衣不下的关系。选择自然分娩未患其他疾病的胎衣不下(RFM)与健康奶牛(NFM)各6头为研究对象并分两组,采集两组奶牛的子宫肉阜组织。用Q-PCR方法检测两组奶牛肉阜组织中RhoA及Rho的m RNA表达量。结果显示:胎衣不下奶牛胎盘中的Rho、RhoA的m RNA表达量显著低于对照组,经SPSS19.0分析P0.05,两组数据表现出显著差异。胎衣不下发生时母体胎盘中的Rho、RhoA表达异常,说明RhoA及Rho表达量下调与胎衣不下有统计学联系。     

关于奶牛子宫脱出病因剖析及治疗

正子宫脱出,是子宫脱出阴门外的一种疾病。家畜中以奶牛多发,脱出常发生在刚分娩后,长的则在产后数小时,产后超过24小时的极少见。一、病因病机从奶牛子宫解剖结构上看,牛的子宫角粘膜,约有四排隆起,是一些具有蘑菇状的突出物,称为子宫的绒毛叶阜。妊娠时绒毛叶阜特别大(奶牛的绒毛叶阜妊娠时直径可达10厘米左右),是胎膜与子宫相接合的部位。胎膜在妊娠时紧紧包裹着那个蘑菇状突出物,一般认为,由于孕牛衰老多产,营养不良。饲料单一,缺乏矿物质及运动不足,使生     

母猪胎盘停滞的防治措施

正母猪分娩结束后,一般经10~60分钟排出胎衣,若超过3小时不排出胎衣则为胎盘停滞,又称胎衣不下、胎衣滞留。猪每个子宫角内的胎囊的绒毛膜端凸入另一绒毛膜的凹端,彼此粘连形成管状,分娩时一个子宫角的各个胎衣往往一起排出来,如果发现分娩仔猪数多于胎衣的脐带断端数,说明胎盘停滞。年老体弱、过肥过瘦、怀孕后期运动不足、饲     

白唇鹿雌性生殖器官的组织学研究

白唇鹿卵巢、输卵管、子宫的显微结构与一般哺乳动物相似,卵巢体积小、卵泡数量少。在某些次级卵泡的卵泡膜层见到1—2个原始卵泡或初级卵泡。输卵管狭部由粘膜、肌层和浆膜构成,无粘膜肌、无粘膜下层,未见到任何腺体。粘膜上皮为单层柱状,其中有一种小球形细胞,为固有膜进入上皮的淋巴细胞。子宫阜由内膜形成,呈蘑菇状。     

RP-Arg和NCG对营养限饲湖羊胎盘发育的影响

[目的]通过对妊娠母羊进行营养限饲,在日粮中添加饲喂过瘤胃精氨酸(RP-Arg)和N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG),探讨对胎盘发育的影响。[方法]在妊娠35 d,将32只妊娠湖羊随机分为4组,每组8只:对照组;限饲组(RG组,50%NRC);处理组1(ARG组,50%NRC日粮基础上添加20 g·d~(-1) RP-Arg);处理组2(NCG组,50%NRC日粮基础上添加5 g·d~(-1) NCG)。在妊娠110 d时,对所有母羊进行屠宰和样品采集,分析测定胎儿脐静脉血液中代谢物浓度、胎盘中血管生长相关因子以及mTOR通路中关键因子的表达。[结果]与限饲组相比,添加RP-Arg和NCG的胎儿体质量和胎儿质量/胎盘质量、胎儿脐静脉血和葡萄糖浓度,胎盘肉阜和子叶组织中Tie-2 mRNA表达量和p-p70S6K蛋白表达量显著升高(P0.05),而胎儿脐静脉血中甘油和甘油三酯浓度显著降低(P0.05)。与CG组相比,RG组中一氧化氮浓度、肉阜组织中VEGFR-2 mRNA表达量、子叶中p-4EBP1蛋白表达显著升高(P0.05),而肉阜中p-4EBP1蛋白表达显著降低(P0.05),但与ARG和NCG组对比无显著差异(P0.05)。[结论]母体营养限饲影响胎盘发育,也影响肉阜和子叶组织中mTOR通路关键因子p70S6K和4EBP1蛋白及其磷酸化蛋白的表达水平,而母羊日粮中补充RP-Arg和NCG能通过调节子叶和肉阜中血管生长相关因子以及mTOR通路中关键因子的表达,促进胎盘的生长发育。     

帆状胎盘58例临床分析

妊娠合并帆状胎盘(VCI)指脐带血管通过羊膜及绒毛膜间进入胎盘,是脐带异常的一种,又称脐带帆状附着。当附着于胎膜上的血管通过子宫下段或跨越宫颈内口位于胎先露之前时,称为前置血管,如前置血管断裂可引起胎儿快速出血死亡,是妊娠合并VCI最危险的状态。现对58例VCI病例进行回顾性分     

沂蒙黑山羊子宫中FSHR和LHR基因在发情周期内的表达规律

为了探讨低繁山羊子宫中FSHR基因和LHR基因的表达变化规律,本研究从沂蒙黑山羊子宫中提取总RNA,使用相同的RT-QPCR方法,分别对处于发情周期不同阶段沂蒙黑山羊子宫各段中FSHR基因和LHR基因在mRNA水平上进行定量分析.结果显示:FSHRmRNA和LHRmRNA在整个发情周期的子宫各段中都有表达.FSHRmRNA的整体表达量水平均高于LHRmRNA的表达量;FSHRmRNA在子宫角发情后期表达量最高,渐低至发情前期最低;子宫肉阜在间情期表达量最高,至发情前期最低,四时期之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);子宫颈在发情期表达量最高,间情期表达量最低,与其它时期差异显著(P＜0.05).LHRmRNA在子宫角、子宫肉阜、子宫颈均在间情期表达量最高,且与其它三个时期差异显著(P＜0.05).两基因在子宫体的表达量较低且规律不明显.     

帆状胎盘58例临床分析

妊娠合并帆状胎盘（VCI）指脐带血管通过羊膜及绒毛膜间进入胎盘,是脐带异常的一种,又称脐带帆状附着.当附着于胎膜上的血管通过子宫下段或跨越宫颈内口位于胎先露之前时,称为前置血管,如前置血管断裂可引起胎儿快速出血死亡,是妊娠合并VCI最危险的状态.现对58例VCI病例进行回顾性分析,探讨妊娠合并VCI对围生儿结局的影响.     

尿道肉阜环切联合尿道-阴道间距延长术治疗尿道肉阜的效果观察

目的 观察尿道肉阜环切联合尿道-阴道间距延长术对尿道肉阜的治疗效果.方法 接受尿道肉阜手术治疗的患者59例,随机分为对照组（28例）和观察组（31例）.对照组采用尿道外口黏膜环切术,观察组采用尿道肉阜环切加尿道-阴道间距延长术.比较两种方法的手术时间、术中出血量和手术效果.结果 观察组的手术时间、术中出血量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义[（24.2±3.8） min vs （44.3±5.8） min,（58.3±5.2） mL vs （98.5±11.4） mL,P＜0.01],治愈率高于对照组（96.8％ vs 71.4％,P＜0.05）.结论 尿道肉阜环切联合尿道-阴道间距延长术治疗尿道肉阜具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、疗效显著等优点,值得临床推广应用.     

Nucleoside phosphatases of fetal and maternal blood cells: electron microscope study

Surface membranes of the blood cells located within the maternal blood sinuses of the rat placenta contain reaction products of nucleoside phosphatases. Fetal blood cells separated from maternal blood by the placental labyrinth show no activity during normal or prolonged gestation. Neonatal blood cells examined 34 hours after parturition show these enzyme activities.     

Acetaldehyde production and transfer by the perfused human placental cotyledon

Fetal injury associated with maternal ethanol ingestion is a major cause of congenital anomalies and mental retardation. Studies with animals suggest that acetaldehyde, the primary hepatic oxidative metabolite of ethanol, may contribute to fetal damage. It is not known, however, whether acetaldehyde reaches the human fetus, either by placental production or transfer. Studies utilizing the perfused human placental cotyledon show that the human placenta oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, releasing it into the fetal perfusate. Moreover, when acetaldehyde is present in the maternal perfusate, it is transferred to the fetal side, reaching approximately 50 percent of the maternal level. These findings suggest that the human placenta may play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of ethanol-associated fetal injury.     

Phenylalanine: Transplacental centrations in Rhesus Monkeys

Arbino acids are actively transported across the mammalian placenta, crncentrations in fetal blood being higher than those in the maternal circu-Elevated concentrations of phenylalanine were induced by dietarv means blood of pregnant rhesus monkeys, and the active transport mechanism vident at both normal and elevated concentrations. A normal placental may thus magnify a maternal biochemical abnormality and produce a profound disturbance in the fetus.     

Detection of smoking-related covalent DNA adducts in human placenta

The presence of covalent DNA chemical addition products (adducts) in human term placentas was investigated by recently developed immunologic and 32P-postlabeling assays. DNA from placental specimens of smokers showed a small but not statistically significant increase in adduct levels when tested by antibodies to DNA modified with a benzo[a]pyrene dihydrodiol epoxide (BPDE-I), the ultimate carcinogenic derivative of benzo[a]pyrene. The postlabeling assay detected several modified nucleotides, one of which (adduct 1) strongly related to maternal smoking during pregnancy. This adduct was present in placental tissue from 16 of 17 smokers, but only 3 of 14 nonsmokers. Among smokers, levels of adduct 1 in general were only weakly related to questionnaire and biochemical measures of the intensity of smoking exposures, which suggests modulation by individual susceptibility factors. The adduct seemed to be derived from an aromatic carcinogen, but it may not result from several of the most intensely studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic amines in tobacco smoke. The data show the association of cigarette smoking with covalent damage to human DNA in vivo.     

精氨酸对怀孕母猪胎盘滋养层细胞调控作用研究进展

日粮中添加精氨酸可促进怀孕母猪胎盘生长发育,提高怀孕母猪繁殖性能。胎盘生长发育主要为滋养层细胞增殖、分化、侵润及融合等过程。因此,文章综述精氨酸及其代谢产物对滋养层细胞增殖、分化、生殖激素分泌和细胞生长因子表达调控作用及其相关信号通路影响等方面研究进展,旨在阐明精氨酸调控怀孕母猪胎盘滋养层细胞,促进怀孕母猪胎盘生长发育作用机理,以期为精氨酸在母猪繁殖营养应用提供科学依据。     

Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization

Hepcidin is a peptide hormone secreted by the liver in response to iron loading and inflammation. Decreased hepcidin leads to tissue iron overload, whereas hepcidin overproduction leads to hypoferremia and the anemia of inflammation. Ferroportin is an iron exporter present on the surface of absorptive enterocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes, and placental cells. Here we report that hepcidin bound to ferroportin in tissue culture cells. After binding, ferroportin was internalized and degraded, leading to decreased export of cellular iron. The posttranslational regulation of ferroportin by hepcidin may thus complete a homeostatic loop: Iron regulates the secretion of hepcidin, which in turn controls the concentration of ferroportin on the cell surface.     

Prenatal cerebral development: effect of restricted diet, reversal by growth hormone

Caloric restriction of rats from day 10 to day 20 of pregnancy results in significant decreases in body weight, placental weight, cerebral weight, cerebral DNA, and cerebral protein of the offspring at birth. These decreases did not usually occur if mothers on the restricted diet were treated concomitantly with bovine growth hormone. If growth hormone did not cross the placenta, then, it is postulated, at least one effect of growth hormone was the mobilization of maternal nutrient reserves.     

Epstein-Barr viral DNA: infectivity for human placental cells

Purified DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is regularly infectious by means of the "calcium" method of transfection. Cultured human placental cells exposed to EBV DNA of two transforming strains, FF41 and B95, produce virus that is capable of converting normal B lymphocytes into established cell lines. After treatment with EBV (FF41) DNA and EBV (HR-1) DNA the placental cells display antigens associated with the productive viral cycle. The placental cells have not developed foci or other signs of morphologic transformation.     

Heparan sulfate degradation: relation to tumor invasive and metastatic properties of mouse B16 melanoma sublines

After transport in the blood and implantation in the microcirculation, metastatic tumor cells must invade the vascular endothelium and underlying basal lamina. Mouse B16 melanoma sublines were used to determine the relation between metastatic properties and the ability of the sublines to degrade enzymatically the sulfated glycosaminoglycans present in the extracellular matrix of cultured vascular endothelial cells. Highly invasive and metastatic B16 sublines degraded matrix glycosaminoglycans faster than did sublines of lower metastatic potential. The main products of this matrix degradation were heparan sulfate fragments. Intact B16 cells (or their cell-free homogenates) with a high potential for lung colonization degraded purified heparan sulfate from bovine lung at higher rates than did B16 cells with a poor potential for lung colonization. Analysis of the degradation fragments indicated that B16 cells have a heparan sulfate endoglycosidase. Thus the abilities of B16 melanoma cells to extravasate and successfully colonize the lung may be related to their capacities to degrade heparan sulfate in the walls of pulmonary blood vessels.