湖羊的生理生化常值测定

本实验对湖羊的25项常值进行了测定,其中生理常值有呼吸频率、心率、体温、血细胞压积、红细胞总数、血红蛋白、血小板、凝血时、红细胞沉降率,白细胞总数和分类计数等。生化常值有血脂、血糖、非蛋白氮、清蛋白和球蛋白等。此外,本文还报导了一些有关性成熟和产羔率等资料。     

白藜芦醇对骨髓损伤的修复作用

目的探讨白藜芦醇对辐射导致小鼠骨髓损伤的修复作用。方法 80只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、实验组和对照组,每组20只。除正常组外,其余各组以辐射造成小鼠骨髓型急性损伤模型;实验组和对照组分别腹腔注射白藜芦醇100mg/kg和甲基强的松龙100mg/kg,正常组和模型组则腹腔注射等量生理盐水,连续治疗7d,检测小鼠外周血白细胞、骨髓单个核细胞以及骨髓CD34＋细胞数。结果给药后实验组的白细胞计数、骨髓单个核细胞数和CD34＋细胞百分率与给药前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且均高于同一时间点的模型组（P〈0.05）。实验组各时间点的白细胞数、骨髓单个核细胞数和CD34＋细胞百分率与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论白藜芦醇可增加放射损伤小鼠白细胞、骨髓单个核细胞和CD34＋细胞的数目,加快骨髓造血功能的恢复。     

N-Formylmethionyl peptide receptors on equine leukocytes initiate secretion but not chemotaxis

The chemotaxis of leukocytes appears to be initiated by the binding of chemotactic factors to the surface of these cells. N-Formylated peptides induce chemotaxis and lysosomal enzyme secretion of leukocytes; because these peptides are available in a purified radiolabeled form, they have been useful in the characterization of receptors for chemotactic factors. Equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes secrete lysosomal enzymes but do not exhibit chemotaxis in respone to the N-formylated peptides, even though they have a high-affinity cell surface receptor for these agents. The specificity of the equine receptor resembles the specificity of the receptor on chemotactically responsive leukocytes from other species. Equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes may thus be an excellent model for the study of the events that lead to a biological response following receptor occupancy.     

Virus-Containing Leukocytes in Polioencephalitis

Crystalline aggregates of strain MM virus occur in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in association with osmiophilic granular structures which are occasionally membrane-bound. This suggests either a phagocytosis and segregation of virus by leukocytes, analogous to the disposition of bacteria by leukocytes, or a utilization of the leukocyte by the virus as a host cell for virus replication.     

雏鸡感染传染性法氏囊病毒后血液的T细胞变化

本项研究对雏鸡感染传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)后,1～8周外周血液的 ANAE~+淋巴细胞(T 细胞)、淋巴细胞和白细胞数量的动态变化进行了检测。结果表明,1日龄雏鸡感染 IBDV 后,其血液中 ANAE~+,淋巴细胞数量明显低于对照雏鸡,表明其细胞免疫机能降低;4周龄雏鸡感染 IBDV 后,其 ANAE~+淋巴细胞数量呈一过性降低,变化不如1日龄感染雏鸡明显,说明 IBDV 对雏鸡存在感染年龄差异;对 ANAE~+淋巴细胞绝对数的检测较百分比能更真实地反映 IBD 鸡的细胞免疫功能变化的实质。     

氧化苦参碱对异育银鲫血液非特异性免疫因子的影响

用含不同剂量(0~400 mg/kg)氧化苦参碱的饲料饲喂异育银鲫,对异育银鲫在摄食0 d、5 d、10 d、15d、20 d、25 d、30 d时血液中白细胞数量、血清溶菌酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性等非特异性免疫因子分别进行了测定。结果表明:氧化苦参碱对异育银鲫血液中各非特异性免疫因子具有不同程度的正效应,但在效应时间上呈现出非同步的特点,其中100 mg/kg试验组的异育银鲫血液中白细胞水平和血清溶菌酶活性分别在第15 d和第10 d达到最高,为1 m l 2.59×106个和11 875.79 U/m l,分别比对照组显著提高了90.44%和443.81%(P<0.01);而超氧化物歧化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在200 mg/kg试验组中分别在第10 d、第5 d达到最高,为121.46 U/m l和11.94 U,分别比对照组高6.89%(P<0.05)和148.75%(P<0.01)。     

Myeloperoxidase: contribution to the microbicidal activity of intact leukocytes

Azide and, to a lesser extent, cyanide inhibit the microbicidal activity of myeloperoxidase and of intact normal leukocytes, but they have little or no effect on peroxidase-negative leukocytes. The contribution of the azide-sensitive (peroxidase-dependent?) systems to the total microbicidal activity of normal leukocytes is considerable. The azide-insensitive antimicrobial systems are more highly developed in peroxidase-negative leukocytes than in normal leukocytes, thus suggesting an adaptation.     

Deficiency of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidase in chronic granulomatous disease

Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidase of normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes has properties that would qualify it as the enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst during phagocytosis. The enzyme was deficient in leukocytes of five patients with chronic granulomatous disease. This lack of adequate reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidase could be the basis for the metabolic abnormalities characteristic of these leukocytes and for their diminished bactericidal activity.     

Differential targeting of Gbetagamma-subunit signaling with small molecules

G protein betagamma subunits have potential as a target for therapeutic treatment of a number of diseases. We performed virtual docking of a small-molecule library to a site on Gbetagamma subunits that mediates protein interactions. We hypothesized that differential targeting of this surface could allow for selective modulation of Gbetagamma subunit functions. Several compounds bound to Gbetagamma subunits with affinities from 0.1 to 60 muM and selectively modulated functional Gbetagamma-protein-protein interactions in vitro, chemotactic peptide signaling pathways in HL-60 leukocytes, and opioid receptor-dependent analgesia in vivo. These data demonstrate an approach for modulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling that may represent an important therapeutic strategy.     

炎症反应与白细胞迁移

人体自我防御中,白细胞定向迁移是先天性免疫必不可少的步骤。然而白细胞在创伤部位的募集也导致了炎症反应的发生。白细胞的移动和它周围微环境的变化精确地调控着一系列级联事件。趋化因子在白细胞迁移过程中起着重要的作用,对介导细胞黏附和迁移的趋化因子的深入研究将有助于对疾病病理状态的了解和控制。     

Bone resorbing activity in supernatant fluid from cultured human peripheral blood leukocytes

A new soluble mediator was found in supernatant fluid from cultures of human peripheral blood leukocytes that were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, or by antigenic material present in human dental plaque deposits. This soluble Jactor produced bone resorption in organ cultures of fetal rat bones as measured by increased release of calcium-45, and also increased the number of active osteoclasts.     

无乳链球菌感染方式对罗非鱼血常规和抗体消长规律的影响

【目的】明确表皮损伤或某种原因造成的炎症是否是罗非鱼无乳链球菌病暴发的重要诱因，为罗非鱼养殖业疫情预警及无乳链球菌疫苗研制提供参考依据。【方法】将180尾体质量约40 g的吉富罗非鱼随机分为健康组、皮肤创伤组和肠炎组，通过浸泡方式感染无乳链球菌（1.5×106 CFU/mL），分别设3个对应的空白对照组（不感染无乳链球菌）。无乳链球菌感染前及感染后24、48、72、96、120、144和168 h等8个时段，分别每组随机挑选15尾罗非鱼采血，将血液涂片后以吉姆萨染色，观察细胞形态并统计外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞数量，同时记录罗非鱼死亡数量。每周以ELISA测定1次罗非鱼血清IgM抗体水平，持续10周。【结果】与健康组罗非鱼相比，皮肤创伤组和肠炎组罗非鱼死亡时间提前，存活率显著降低（P<0.05，下同）。3种感染方式的罗非鱼外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数量在感染初期均呈明显的上升趋势，至感染后168 h皮肤创伤组和肠炎组罗非鱼显著高于健康组罗非鱼（P<0.01，下同），说明无乳链球菌感皮肤创伤或患有肠炎的罗非鱼相对于健康鱼能引起更强烈的免疫反应；皮肤创伤组罗非鱼的外周血单核细胞数量在感染后72~168 h均极显著高于健康组罗非鱼，而肠炎组罗非鱼只在感染后24 h极显著高于健康组罗非鱼。相对于健康组和皮肤创伤组罗非鱼，肠炎组罗非鱼血清抗体水平上升时间更早，持续高水平时间更长；健康组和皮肤创伤组的罗非鱼血清特异性抗体出现时间相近，但皮肤创伤组罗非鱼抗体维持高水平的时间更长。【结论】罗非鱼在无乳链球菌感染前后并发机械性或免疫性病理损伤及炎症，会导致感染死亡率升高，即感染无乳链球菌后会加重因转池、运输、寄生虫感染等造成鱼体表皮受损，或饲料霉变等原因造成的肠炎，进而导致罗非鱼死亡率上升。血常规和抗体水平的消长规律能反映罗非鱼无乳链球菌的感染情况，其中，外周血白细胞数量变化可作为判断罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌后病理损伤和免疫应答的参考指标。     

Leukocyte oxidase: defective activity in chronic granulomatous disease

The intact leukocytes of two children with chronic granulomatous disease fail to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium during phagocytosis. This is due to defective operation of an oxidase of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide that is insensitive to cyanide and that indirectly stimulates the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate in leukocytes. Such leukocytes undergo no increase in oxygen consumption or in activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt during phagocytosis, although lactate production is normal. The addition of nitroblue tetrazolium to a leukocyte suspension appears to provide a sensitive diagnostic screening test for this disease.     

Fabry's disease: alpha-galactosidase deficiency

The leukocytes of male patients with Fabry's disease are deficient in alpha-galactosidase. The alpha-galactosidase activity in the leukocytes of female carriers of the disease is 15 to 40 percent of the amount present in normal leukocytes. The activities of beta-galactosidase, beta-acetylgalactosaminidase, and beta-acetylglucosaminidase in the leukocytes of affected individuals are normal.     

Defining a link with asthma in mice congenitally deficient in eosinophils

Eosinophils are often dominant inflammatory cells present in the lungs of asthma patients. Nonetheless, the role of these leukocytes remains poorly understood. We have created a transgenic line of mice (PHIL) that are specifically devoid of eosinophils, but otherwise have a full complement of hematopoietically derived cells. Allergen challenge of PHIL mice demonstrated that eosinophils were required for pulmonary mucus accumulation and the airway hyperresponsiveness associated with asthma. The development of an eosinophil-less mouse now permits an unambiguous assessment of a number of human diseases that have been linked to this granulocyte, including allergic diseases, parasite infections, and tumorigenesis.     

Soluble HL-A7 antigen: localization in the beta-lipoprotein fraction of human serum

The HL-A7 antigen of human leukocytes occurs as a soluble, low-density lipoprotein in the serum of HL-A7-positive individuals. Its presence in high concentration may inhibit direct leukocyte grouping, leading to erroneous results. This finding affords an easy method for the preparation of monospecific cytotoxic antiserums by absorption with serum fractions rather than leukocytes.     

基于鲁棒自适应控制策略的混合型步进电机低速伺服控制性能

针对混合型步进电机低速运行状态下脉动转矩较大的特点,应用鲁棒自适应控制策略来设计其低速伺服控制器,以实现高精度的跟踪控制性能.首先,根据混合型步进电机转矩形成的机理,揭示了其固有的脉动转矩对低速运动控制产生不利影响的动力学特征,并将它归结为两种结构不确定性,便于控制器的设计;其次,采取标准的自适应控制及其鲁棒化设计思想,借助于μ-修整策略来实现相应的控制律,确保脉动转矩的最大化补偿及伺服系统低速跟踪控制满足高性能的要求;最后对所建立的低速跟踪控制系统的性能进行了试验评估,并与作者前期的工作进行了比较,试验结果验证了其有效性与可行性.     

Increased cystine in leukocytes from individuals homozygous and heterozygous for cystinosis

In patients with cystinosis, the concentration of free cystine in leukocytes was 80 times greater than normal, and six times the normal content for their parents. This is the first demonstration of an abnormality in heterozygotes for this rare inherited disease of childhood. Three-quarters of the cystine was recovered in the granular fraction of cystinotic leukocytes.     

Human monocytic cell lines derived from cord leukocytes by co-cultivation with irradiated CM-S cells

The CM-S cell line was established from the bone marrow of a child with congenital hypoplastic anemia and resembles its monocyte-macrophage lineage. Lethally x-irradiated CM-S cells from various passages and clones, representing different stages in the progression of the transformed growth phenotype, were tested for their ability to affect the survival and proliferation of normal human cord or adult blood leukocytes in co-culture. One clone, CM-SM, which is tumorigenic in athymic mice, consistently immortalized umbilical cord mononuclear cells but did not immortalize adult peripheral blood leukocytes. Six autonomous monocyte-like diploid cell lines were obtained and all were found to be of cord origin. Three lines were tumorigenic in athymic mice. Attempts to immortalize human leukocytes with cell-free supernatants from CM-S cells were unsuccessful.     

选择素及其配体在哺乳动物胚胎着床过程中的作用

选择素是一种非免疫来源的多价糖类结合蛋白,为细胞粘附分子(celladhesionmolecules,cAMs)超家族的一员,选择素家族有3个结构类似的成员:E-选择素、L-选择素、P-选择素,它们在炎症发生时可介导白细胞与血管内皮细胞之间、白细胞与白细胞及白细胞与血小板之间的粘附。近年来研究发现,选择素及其配体还在精卵识别、滋养层细胞和子宫内膜的相互识别、滋养层细胞侵入、胎盘形成等过程中发挥重要作用。在此,主要对E-选择素、L-选择素及它们的配体在哺乳动物胚胎着床过程中发挥的作用及其表达调节作一综述。