油莎豆淀粉提取优化工艺

采用石灰水浸泡工艺提取油莎豆淀粉,并对提取工艺进行优化,得到最佳提取条件为：料液比1∶4,浸泡时间4小时,石灰水浓度0.5%,     

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Extracting Activity of Kid Rennet

Using 2-3 weeks kid abomasums as materials, the ultrasound intensity, extracting time, NaC1 concentration and pH value in extracting solution and ratio of abomasums to extracting solution were studied by ultrasonic method. The results showed that the main factor affecting kid rennet activity during extraction was ultrasound intensity, and then NaCl concentration, extracting time and ratio of abomasums to extracting solution in order. Kid rennet activity reached peak with ultrasound intensity 30 W cm^-2, extraction time 40 min, NaCl concentration 8%, pH value 3.0, ratio of abomasums to extracting solution 1:15.     

复合酶法提取南瓜多糖及其抗氧化性的研究

[目的]优化复合酶法提取南瓜多糖的工艺条件,研究南瓜多糖的抗氧化性.[方法]采用单因素试验设计研究了不同提取时间、温度、料液比、pH对南瓜多糖提取率的影响,并通过正交试验确定了提取南瓜多糖的最佳的复合酶配比和最佳提取条件.采用水杨酸法检测南瓜多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)和改进的邻苯酚自氧化法检测其对超氧阴离子自由基(O2)的清除效果.[结果]当纤维素酶的浓度为1.0%、果胶酶为1.5%、木瓜蛋白酶为1.O%时,以及温度为40℃、pH=4.6、料液比为1∶30、提取时间为30 min的条件下南瓜多糖的提取率最高;南瓜多糖对·OH具有较好的清除效果,对O2有部分清除作用.[结论]该研究为南瓜多糖的研究及应用提供了基础资料. Abstract： [Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin.Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid ratio and pH value on the extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin.[Method]The best enzyme ratio and extraction conditions for complex enzymes extraction were determined through orthogoo-pheno methods respectively.[Results]The results showed that the biggest extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin can be got when adding 1% cellulose enzyme,1.5% pectinase,1.0% papain and Na2 HPO4-citric acid buffer solution (pH was 4.6),and oscillating for 30 min weak activity to scavenge O2-. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data for research and application of Pumpkin polysaccharide.     

Optimization for Extraction Methods and Conditions of Polysaccharides from Trollius chinensis

Objective To determine the optimum extraction method and condition of poly-saccharides fromTrollius chinensis (TCP).Methods With the yield of TCP as index and water as solvent,reflux extraction,ultrasonic extraction and supercritical CO_2 extraction were employed to determine the efficient extraction method of TCP.Moreover,the conditions of reflux extraction were optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test.The content of polysaccharide was measured with phenol-sulfuric acid method.Results The data displayed that the crude polysaccharide(CPS)yield of regular reflux extraction was(11.7±0.12)%,superior to ultrasonic extraction and supercritical CO_2 extraction.The optimum conditions of reflux extraction were as follows:extraction temperature of 95℃,extraction time of 3hand the liquid-solid ratio of 20∶1.Under these conditions,the polysaccharide yield was (1.45±0.03)%,which was well in close agreement with the predicted value.Conclusion Regular reflux extraction was regarded as the optimal extraction method of TCP.The optimum conditions of reflux extraction were as follows:extraction temperature of 95℃,extraction time of 3hand the liquid-solid ratio of 20∶1.     

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from American Ginseng and Evaluation of Its Immunostimulating Activity

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction （UAE） of American ginseng polysaccharides （AGP） was investigated using response surface methodology. Three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the ultrasonic power, extraction time and ratio of water to raw material to obtain a high AGP yield. The analysis of variance and response surface plots indicated that ultrasonic power was the most important factor affecting the extraction yield. The optimal conditions were ultrasonic power 400 W, extraction time 71 min, and ratio of water to raw material 33 mL g-1. Under these conditions, the yield of AGP was 8.09%, which was agreed closely to the predicted value. Gas chromatography （GC） analysis showed that AGP was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the general characteristic absorption peaks of AGP. In addition, AGP exhibited good immunostimulating activities by up-regulating the production of nitric oxide and cytokines. Compared with hot water extraction, UAE required shorter extraction time and gave a higher extraction yield, without changing the structure and immunostimulating activity of AGP. The results indicated that UAE could be an effective and advisable technique for the large scale production of plant polysaccharides.     

Extraction and purification of the polysaccharides in Hippohaere rhamnoides L.

The different extraction technology and purification technology of Hippohpae rhamoides polysaccharides were researched in the paper.The best method of papain extraction were obtained,the ratio of papain 2%,pH at 5.5,temperature at 45℃and extraction time of 20 min were suitable for papain extraction.The highest content of Hippohpae rhamoides polysaccharides was 44.28 mg·g~(-1). The optimum process of ultrasonic extraction were obtained,namely extracted for 55 min at 480 W with the material ratio of 1:20. The highest content of Hippohpae rhamoides polysaccharides was 48.63 mg·g~(-1).The results showed that the ultrasonic and papain extraction together was the best method,the content was 54.30 mg·g~(-1).After the removing protein,pigment and dialysis.Two fraction were separated from the purified Hippohpae rhamoides by DEAE-cellulose chromatography,the main fraction was collected finally. The fraction was identified by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration.Ultraviolet spectrometry,freeze-thawing analysis showed that fraction was purified.Its molecular weight was probably 109.4 ku.     

Extraction Optimization of Polysaccharides from Pitaya Stems

[Objective]The aim was to describe the extraction of polysaccharides from pitaya stems.[Method]The hot water,enzyme-assisted and microwave-assisted methods were used,with the microwave-assisted extraction being deemed optimal by general evaluation.[Result]The main factors affecting the yield of polysaccharides in the microwave-assisted extraction,by order of magnitude,were as follows:time >microwave power >temperature;additionally,optimal conditions included a 10 min extraction time,an 80℃ extraction temperature and a microwave setting of 200 W.Using these optimal conditions,the yield of PSPS(Polysaccharides from Pitaya Stems) was 1.42%.After purification,the yield of PSPS was 0.74%.[Conclusion]The PSPS was analyzed by IR,MALDI-TOF-MS and an element analysis technique.It was shown to be a polysaccharide mixture,and the molecular weight was between 3 900 and 4 300 Da.     

营养酸模叶蛋白提取工艺

The extraction of leaf protein from modern-slam was studied with the thermal method, acid-base method, acidified thermal method and fermented acid one. The experiment results showed that the acidified thermal one (pH=4.0，72℃) is available to get the protein content of the product 63.23%, the ratio of extraction 36.09% and the ratio of obtaining 1.82%.     

Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid or Gibberellin Acid Has Different Effects on Starch Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat

Granule size distribution of wheat starch is an important characteristic that can affect its chemical composition and the functionality of wheat products. Two high-yield winter wheat cultivars were used to evaluate the effects of the application of exogenous ABA or GA during the reproductive phase of the initial grain filling on starch granule size distribution and starch components in grains at maturity. The results indicated that a bimodal curve was found in the volume and surface area distribution of grain starch granules, and a unimodal curve was observed for the number distribution under all treatments. The exogenous ABA resulted in a significant increase in the proportions （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type （<9.9 μm in diameter） starch granules, with a reduction in those of A-type （>9.9 μm） starch granules, while, the exogenous GA₃ led to converse effects on size distribution of those starch granules. The exogenous ABA also increased starch, amylose and amylopectin contents at maturity but significantly reduced the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. Application of GA₃ significantly reduced starch content, amylopectin content but increased the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin showed a significant and negative relationship with the volume proportion of granules <9.9 μm, but was positively related to the volume proportion of granules 22.8-42.8 μm.     

微胚乳玉米籽粒中淀粉积累规律的研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study laws of accumulation of starch in micro-endosperm maize kernel. [Method] The laws of accumulation of starch in maize embryo and OSK(the other section of a kernel except embryo) of MEM(micro-endosperm maize) were studied in this experiment by taking Gaoyou 115 maize as control. [Result] The starch accumulation speed of MEM embryo was slightly lower than that of Gaoyou115 and the starch accumulation speed of MEM OSK was far lower than that of Gaoyou 115, so the starch content of the whole kernel of Gaoyou 115 was 3.4 to 4.5 times as high as that of MEM during harvesting. The embryo starch weight ration of Gaoyou 115 maize during harvesting was only 3% to 4% while that of MEM was 16% to 22%. Moreover, starch accumulation speeds of different MEM materials were different and there were significant differences in starch content during harvesting among different MEM materials. [Conclusion] The starch accumulation in MEM was slow, and MEM has widely variation on starch accumulation.