重庆夏季极端最高气温的时空变化特征分析

利用1960-2007年重庆34个气象站夏季极端最高气温的标准化资料,运用EOF,REOF等方法,对重庆近48 a夏季(6～8月)极端最高气温的空间分布、时间演变特征等进行了详细分析.结果表明:一致性异常分布是重庆夏季极端最高气温的最主要空间模态;夏季极端最高气温的异常空间分布可分为以下4个关键区:重庆西部、重庆东南部、重庆东北部、重庆中部;在重庆夏季极端最高气温的4个空间关键区中,2～4 a的周期振荡表现得比较显著;另外重庆夏季极端最高气温同区域性增暖呈显著的正响应.

Abstract：

Using the standardized data of the extreme high temperatures in summer from 1960 to 2007 of 34 meteorological stations in Chongqing, the spatial distributional and temporal evolution of extreme high temperatures in June-August in the 48 years are studied with EOF and REOF analyses. The result shows that consistent anomaly distribution is the principal spatial mode of summer extreme high temperatures in Chongqing, that the spatial mode can be divided into four key areas, i.e. the west, the southeast, the northeast and the middle of Chongqing and that the vibration periods of 2-4 a are displayed very clearly in all the four key areas. It is also proved that summer extreme high temperatures in Chongqing show a remarkable positive response to regional warming.     

东亚夏季风与重庆夏季降水的关系研究

选取5种具有代表性的东亚夏季风强度指数分析了东亚夏季风与重庆夏季降水的关系.结果表明,5种东亚夏季风指数都与重庆夏季降水呈显著的负相关关系.在反映重庆夏季降水异常方面,各种东亚夏季风指标都有相当好的辨别能力并各具特色,但也存在一定的差异.还讨论了东亚夏季风强、弱年,重庆夏季降水的异常分布特征,结果发现东亚夏季风强年,夏季整个重庆区域降水偏少,其中偏东地区较偏西地区偏少得更为明显;东亚夏季风弱年,夏季重庆地区降水偏多.     

棉铃虫发生程度与降雨量关系的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to investigate the factors causing the outbreak of cotton bollworm and to provide effective measures for controlling cotton bollworm. [Method] Based on the analysis of the data about insect and weather situation in Luyi County in 32 years,the meteorological prediction model was established for monitoring the quarterly or monthly occurrence trend of cotton bollworm. [Result] The cotton bollworm occurred slightly in the years with rainfalls of 3 months over 500 nm and severely in the years with rainfalls of 3 months less than 400 nm. The results of correlation analysis show that annual occurrence degrees of cotton bollworm and occurrence degrees of 4th generation of cotton bollworm are extremely negatively correlated with rainfall during June-August; the occurrence degrees of 3rd and 4th generations of cotton bollworm are also extremely negatively correlated with rainfall in July. [Conclusion] The occurrence of cotton bollworm in field is heavily influenced by rainfall in at its occurrence stage,moreover,the rainfall during June-August is the decisive factors influencing the occurrence of cotton bollworm.     

Studies on the Relationship between Occurrence Degree of Cotton Bollworm and Rainfall

[Objective] The aim of the study is to investigate the factors causing the outbreak of cotton bollworm and to provide effective measures for controlling cotton bollworm. [Method] Based on the analysis of the data about insect and weather situation in Luyi County in 32 years,the meteorological prediction model was established for monitoring the quarterly or monthly occurrence trend of cotton bollworm. [Result] The cotton bollworm occurred slightly in the years with rainfalls of 3 months over 500 nm and severely in the years with rainfalls of 3 months less than 400 nm. The results of correlation analysis show that annual occurrence degrees of cotton bollworm and occurrence degrees of 4th generation of cotton bollworm are extremely negatively correlated with rainfall during June-August; the occurrence degrees of 3rd and 4th generations of cotton bollworm are also extremely negatively correlated with rainfall in July. [Conclusion] The occurrence of cotton bollworm in field is heavily influenced by rainfall in at its occurrence stage,moreover,the rainfall during June-August is the decisive factors influencing the occurrence of cotton bollworm.     

金佛山兰科植物区系特点及地理分布分析

调查表明金佛山现有兰科植物48属114种,其区系组成以亚热带和温带的东亚区系成分为主.其中,广布东亚植物区的种类有34种,隶属26属;属于东亚植物区中的中国-日本亚区的种类有50种,隶属38属;属于东亚植物区中的中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区的种类有29种,隶属21属;属印度马来区系的仅1种.金佛山114种兰科植物中,中国特有种47种,金佛山特有种3种.

Abstract：

The Jinfo Mountains,situated in the south of Chongqing(28046′～29038′N,106054′～107027′E)cover a total area of 1 300 km2.A survey in the Jinfo Mountains identified 114 species of orchids,belonging to 48 genera of Orchidaceae.The floristic elements of the orchid flora in the Jinfo Mountains were found to be mainly temperate and subtropical Eastern Asian(Sino-Japanese)ones.Thirty-four species,belonging to 26 genera,are widespread in the entire East Asian Region,50 species,belonging to 38 genera,are distributed in the Sino-Japanese Subregion;29 species,belonging to 21 genera,are the elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion:and 1 species is the Indo-Malaysian floristic element.Of the 114 species in the Jinfo Mountains,47 were found to be endemic to China and 3 were identified to be endemic to the Jinfo Mountains.     

重庆地区夏季高温的气候特征与环流形势分析

利用重庆地区23个气象站1960-2007年逐日最高气温观测资料和同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料探讨重庆夏季高温天气的气候特征,选取2006年和三个有代表性的高温天气过程进行环流场特征分析.结果表明:重庆地区的夏季高温事件具有显著的年代际变化和区域差异,20世纪80年代发生频次最少,70年代最多,沿长江、乌江为高温天气多发带;南亚高压位置偏东,西太平洋副热带高压偏西,南亚高压与西太平洋副高的上下叠加是重庆地区夏季高温天气过程的主要环流特征.分析认为,100 hPa等压面上的南亚高压、300 hPa等压面上的暖中心和500 hPa等压面上的副热带高压脊控制着四川东部及重庆地区上空,对流层中上下层暖高压中心相对应、中心位置基本一致是出现大范围、持续性异常高温天气的重要原因.

Abstract：

The climatological features of summer high temperature in Chongqing are discussed based on the data of day-to-day maximum temperature during 1960-2007 recorded by 23 meteorological stations in Chongqing area and the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data for the same period,and the circulation situations of 3 extreme high temperature cases in Chongqing climate history are analyzed.The results show that the high temperature days and the high temperature events have obvious inter-decadal and regional distinctions,with the lowest frequency in the 1980s and the highest in the 1970 s.The regions along the Yangtze River and the Wujiang River are the locations with frequent high temperature weather in Chongqing.The main circulation characteristic of the high temperature weather may be the eastward movement of the South Asia high and the westward movement of the West Pacific subtropical high,which results in the up-anddown high pressure superposition in the atmospheric stratosphere.High temperature weather occurs widely and continuously when East Sichuan and Chongqing are dominated by South Asia high on the 100 hPa isopressure surface,warm center On 300 hPa isopressure surface and subtropical high on 500 hPa isopressure surface with consistent warm high center location on up tropsphere and underlayer.     

Comprehensive Evaluation of Tobacco Ecological Suitability of Henan Province Based on GIS

The growth of tobacco is sensitive to environment conditions. The tobacco production is strictly restricted by regional cultivated land. Based on the principal of hiberarchy analysis and fuzzy mathematics and the technique of geographic information system （GIS）, the comprehensive evaluation of tobacco ecology suitability were studied according to the actual circumstances of the whole Henan tobacco planting regions, China. The evaluation index system of tobacco ecology suitability of Henan tobacco planting regions was established by choosing 17 evaluation indexes from 3 respects of climate, soil and landform with Delphi method. Furthermore, the membership function was set up according to the effects of each ecology factors on the growth and quality of tobacco suitability. And the analytical hierarchy process （AHP） was used to determine the weight of indexes by using quantitative analysis. Then the tobacco ecology suitability map of Henan tobacco plantation was drawn with GIS software mapGIS. It is found that the most areas of the western and southern parts of Henan Province, China, are the highly suitable regions, accounting for 22.52% of Henan tobacco planting areas. It is because that there are medium air temperature, sunshine and rainfall, medium soil pH value, and high contents of soil organic matter in the regions. Moreover, the topography is hill and massif, and the height above sea level is between 150-800 m there. Some areas of the southern and middle parts of Henan Province are the suitable ones, accounting for 34.99% of Henan tobacco planting areas. It is because that there are enough rainfall, medium air temperature, high contents of available N and available K in the soil in these regions. There are less suitable regions in the northern and eastern parts of the investigated regions because of drought, too high pH value and CI in the soil and irrigation water, accounting for 35.54% of the whole areas. It can be conducted rapidly and correctly by combining AHP and membership function for comprehensive evaluation of tobacco ecological suitability supported by GIS. There are above moderate ecological suitability for most part of tobacco planting fields in Henan Province. The distributions of tobacco ecological suitability calculated are identical with actual tobacco productivity completely.     

重庆市机动车排放因子研究

介绍了计算机动车污染物排放因子的MOBILE5模型,并根据重庆市机动车实际构成、行驶工况、I/M制度等数据确定了模型所需参数,然后应用该模型计算得到1985,1990,1995,2000和2004年重庆机动车排放CO、NOx和HC的排放因子.通过比较MOBILE5模式和台架测试得到的重庆机动车排放因子发现,应用MOBILE5模型计算获得的排放因子偏低于实际情况.

Abstract：

The MOBILE5 model for calculating the emission factors of motor vehicles is described and the required parameters are determined based on the actual categories, driving cycles, the rule of I/M and anyother parameters of motor vehicles in Chongqing. Then the model is used to calculate the vehicle emis-sion factors of CO, NOX and HC in Chongqing in 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2004. By comparing the differences between the emission factors derived from the MOBILE5 model and the chassis dynamometer,it is found that the emission factors calculated with the MOBILE5 model is smaller than the actual emission status in Chongqing.     

The Status of Medicinal Plants in Jordan

The taxonomic status of the medicinal plants in Jordan is expressed in terms of its diversity, the documentation of the scientific research that is carried out locally over the last many years; to test for the potential of some medicinal plant species （MPS） in Jordan on different biological aspects is also prepared. This has been reported here by revising and documenting the available literature to the author on this subject. The ecological status of medicinal plants in Jordar is also pointed out. The aim of this research was mainly to evaluate the status of the research on medicinal plants that was carried oul： to test for the different biological potentials of medicinal plants in Jordan and to emphasis the richness of the country of its wild medicinal plants, which are of promising value in whether for use in traditional medicine or in pharmaceutical industry, and certainly need lots of investigations and scientific research. Photographs of some medicinal plants that are common in Jordan and are used in traditional medicine in the urban areas and the Badia region, which is located in the Eastern part of the country and characterized by its dry weather conditions and least amount of rainfall in the country, are also included; the plant photographs are selected from different representative families of the common flowering plants in Jordan.     

Farmers＇ Problems Associated with Cultivation of Soybean in Madhya Pradesh,India

India is the fifth major soybean growing country in the world. Soybean is a major kharif（monsoon season） oilseed crop grown by the farmers of Madhya Pradesh, the ＇Soy State＇. This golden bean of 21st century is successfully being grown by the farmers of this ＂Soy State＂ since its resurrection in India during late sixties. This venture not only revolutionized the socio-economic status of soybean farmers but also provided them with an apt cropping： system of soybean-wheat/chickpea as soybean occupied monsoon fallows in initial years of its establishment. Presently, the crop covers more than 9.67 million hectares in India with major contribution from the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The likely production from this area during 2009-2010 is 9.72 million tones. The concerted technological back up support from the Research and Development system （ICAW AICRPS/SAUs） along with State owned extension agencies and private sector has been instrumental in narrowing the yield gap II of soybean from above 1000 kg/ha in 1970 to 390 kg/ha by 2008. Mitigating the loss in productivity by refining the existing management practices to deal with the biotic and abiotie stresses and to take the technology so developed effectively to farmers by the extension agencies constitute a priority to boost up the production of this crop. An investigation to identify the felt needs and problems of soybean growers of Madhya Pradesh was carried out in order to formulate the technological interventions to increase the national productivity which is hovering around 1000 kg/ha since last few years. The data were collected employing pre-designed questionnaire as well as interview schedule which were administered on the respondents at two different stages. The study brought out that non-availability of quality seed of improved varieties of soybean is the major problem experienced by the farmers. The problems associated with management of insect-pests and disease complex followed the suit. Among the pests, girdle beetle, tobacco caterpillar and the green semilooper were found to be more responsible for the yield erosion in farmers＇ field. Resorting to imbalanced fertilization and timely unavailability of needed fertilizers ranked third while the delayed and erratic monsoon causing moisture stress, poor infrastructural facilities including lacunae in input supply system are observed to be the major problems identified in this study.     

消夏，消夏

《巫言》,《梦的1／4旅行》,《不实》《不华》     

夏玉米新品种比较试验初报

为鉴定引入陕西省户县的夏玉米新品种种植表现,为户县品种布局和群众选用良种提供科学依据,以夏玉米新品种比较试验得出试验结果。     

夏番茄两高一优栽培技术

介绍了优质夏番茄高产高效栽培技术.     

千面客厅的夏日风情

菲柏·霍华德一直认为每个人都可以是自己家中最好的设计师,她从不认为家具的摆放或者装饰有什么既定的法则或者技巧,相反,每一间客厅是世界上独一无二的。     

榛子夏季修剪技术

<正>榛子是世界四大干果树种之一,但在我国栽培应用较少,生产上以采集野生榛子为主。自1999年辽宁省经济林研究所培育出适合我国栽培的大果榛子以后,园艺化的栽培已经在我国北方广大地区发展起来,山西省榛子的栽培以平欧杂种榛为主。由于榛子特殊的生物学特