农杆菌介导的转拟南芥AtCHX23基因玉米及其耐盐性

本研究通过农杆菌介导法将拟南芥耐盐基因AtCHX23导入玉米自交系郑58中,用PCR、Southern blot和RT-PCR法对转化玉米进行检测,并在150 mmol/L盐(NaCl)胁迫下对T3代转基因玉米和野生型进行耐盐性分析。结果显示:共获得26株转基因阳性植株;挑选长势较好的2个PCR阳性株系进行Southern blot鉴定,确定AtCHX23基因以单拷贝的形式成功插入到玉米基因组中,且AtCHX23基因在转基因玉米中过量表达。非盐胁迫条件下,野生型和2个转基因株系间生长状态及其可溶性糖、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量无显著差异;在150 mmol/L盐处理下,2个转基因株系的生长状态优于野生型,2个转基因玉米株系的可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量均高于野生型,丙二醛的含量低于野生型。综上所述:AtCHX23基因过量表达可以提高玉米苗期的耐盐性。     

转Mz_2NHX_1基因拟南芥对盐胁迫的生理响应

为了探讨珠美海棠Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因Mz_2NHX_1在植物耐盐中的作用,以野生型拟南芥和转Mz_2NHX_1基因拟南芥为材料,研究不同盐浓度对转基因和野生型拟南芥种子萌发、植株耐盐性相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:在不同盐胁迫下,转基因拟南芥种子发芽率明显高于野生型。随着盐浓度的增加,野生型和转基因植株的电导率呈上升趋势;SOD活性呈先上升后下降趋势;POD活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量在野生型植株中呈先上升后下降趋势,在转基因植株中呈不断升高的趋势。盐胁迫下,转基因植株的各项生理指标均优于野生型,表明Mz_2NHX_1基因的过量表达,提高了转基因拟南芥的耐盐性。     

干旱胁迫对转拟南芥Atpsy基因生菜的影响

干旱胁迫处理转拟南芥Atpsy基因的T1代生菜和野生型生菜,测定各转基因株系与野生型生菜的各项生理生化指标、目的基因的表达量和类胡萝卜素的含量。结果显示:正常情况下,转基因株系与野生型植株的各项生理指标之间没有明显的差异,随胁迫程度加深,转基因株系在发芽率、发芽指数和净光合速率的下降幅度方面小于野生型;同等胁迫强度下,转基因株系的脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性高于野生型植株;转基因株系植物体内丙二醛的快速积累程度和叶绿素降解速率小于野生型对照组。干旱胁迫处理下,转基因株系Atpsy基因的表达量和类胡萝卜素的含量均有所提高。     

利用花粉介导法获得油菜RNAi转基因植株

以甘蓝型油菜7B为试验材料,利用花粉介导法将携带RNA干扰的HKL1基因的pCaMHKL1-RNAi质粒转入7B中,获得转基因油菜植株,通过PCR分别对T_1,T_2植株进行了转基因鉴定,并对转基因植株后代的生长发育进行研究。结果表明,T_2的RNAi植株与野生型植株相比,出真叶时间较晚,株型较矮小;qRT-PCR结果表明,RNAi植株中HKL1基因的相对表达量为野生型植株的24.6%~67.9%;不同的RNAi植株中HKL1基因的表达量各不相同;利用花粉介导法在甘蓝型油菜中进行RNAi质粒转化,外源基因可以在后代植株中稳定遗传。花粉介导法较之农杆菌侵染、基因枪法等基因转化方法操作更加简单、适用性更强。     

转IPT基因水稻的抗旱性研究

水稻抗旱性研究是当前水稻研究的热点。采用农杆菌介导法将IPT基因导入籼稻IR64,并获得了254株再生植株,并对其进行PCR检测和Southern杂交分析,确定目的基因已整合到水稻中。选择两个单拷贝的转基因株系和一个野生型株系在开花期对其进行干旱胁迫,在同等水平干旱胁迫条件下,IPT转基因植株的细胞分裂素含量和叶绿素含量明显高于野生型,叶片温度稍微低于野生型,且转基因植株茎叶衰老延缓,这些结果表明IPT基因在抗旱育种及机理研究方面有积极的研究意义。     

玉米基因枪法把五个不同基因共转移的研究

采用基因枪法把五个不同基因p35sGFP、pA ctG us、pU b iLuc、p35sPatP IV 4、pAH 2转移到玉米幼胚愈伤组织,以研究基因共转移的某些特性。试验结果表明,在处理B 1、B 2、B 3和B 4中,共获得转基因再生植株34株,分别涉及73、46、80和109个玉米幼胚愈伤组织,其基因转移频率分别是30.14%、17.39%、1.25%和2.75%。在基因转移中,一个幼胚愈伤组织一般可以获得一株转基因植株,同时也存在一个幼胚愈伤组织可以获得3株或以上的转基因植株的可能性。此外,有70%的机率能把3~4个不同基因进行至少一次克隆后共转移整合到玉米转基因再生植株上,而把五个不同基因共转移整合到玉米转基因再生植株上的机率则很低。不同基因的大小和质量会影响克隆的频率。已经整合到玉米转基因再生植株基因组上的转移基因的表达频率达到50%以上,不表达的转移基因则可能是基因沉默现象。     

超表达水稻MGD基因(OsMGD)烟草植株的耐低磷胁迫能力

【目的】研究超表达OsMGD基因烟草植株在低磷条件下的生长情况,为明确OsMGD基因对植物耐低磷胁迫的影响机理奠定基础。【方法】通过构建表达载体pGWB2-OsMGD和农杆菌介导的转化方法,获得超表达OsMGD基因烟草植株,用磷浓度为5μmol/L的HS营养液对转基因烟草植株进行低磷处理后,研究转基因烟草植株MGD活性、脂质和脂肪酸含量、叶绿素含量、根系鲜质量、根冠比和磷含量的变化情况。【结果】超表达OsMGD基因烟草植株中MGD活性增加了1~3.5倍;在转基因烟草植株中,半乳糖脂(MGDG和DGDG)、磷脂和总脂肪酸含量均显著高于野生型植株,但是转基因烟草植株中的脂肪酸组分与野生型相比无显著差异。低磷处理后,转基因烟草植株的生长情况明显优于野生型植株,转基因烟草植株中叶绿素含量、根系鲜质量和根冠比均显著高于野生型;在正常和低磷条件下,转基因烟草植株中的磷含量与野生型相比无显著差异。【结论】超表达OsMGD基因能增加烟草植株的细胞膜脂含量,使植物体内累积大量半乳糖脂和磷脂,从而提高了烟草植株耐低磷胁迫的能力。     

Bc A 9 - B a r n a s e转基因雄性不育烟草的获得

利用农杆菌介导法将大白菜启动子BcA9与Barnase的融合基因对烟草叶片进行遗传转化,经含Basta的筛选培养基连续筛选,获得了转基因再生植株.转基因植株经PCR扩增,表明BcA9-Barnase基因已整合到烟草基因组中.对转基因植株和野生型植株的花药发育进行细胞学比较观察,显示野生型植株的花药发育正常,花粉粒形态正常,活力高;而转基因植株则发生花药绒毡层细胞提前降解,花粉母细胞退化,成熟花药中无正常花粉粒产生等系列现象.转基因烟草植株最终表现为花药瘦小、自交不能正常结籽等.同时,在高温条件下转基因植株不育性稳定,无育性恢复现象.     

转录因子ABP9基因过表达对植物生长发育的影响分析

【研究目的】为分析玉米ABA/逆境响应转录因子ABP9基因过量表达对植物生长发育的影响以利用该基因开展抗逆分子育种。【方法】本研究构建了35S启动子驱动ABP9组成型表达的植物表达载体,获得了过表达ABP9基因的拟南芥转基因株系,并在正常生长条件下,比较了转基因植株和野生型在种子萌发、营养生长和生殖生长阶段的形态和生理变化,分析了可能的分子机制。【结果】结果表明,正常生长条件下,转基因植株与野生型相比表现出萌发,幼苗生长以及开花阶段的生长抑制;气孔开度减小,叶片内源ABA含量降低;ABA信号传导基因表达增强,而ABA合成基因表达降低;而且这些效应在ABP9基因表达相对较强的转基因株系中表现更明显。【结论】说明ABP9基因过量在正常生长条件下即诱导转基因植株产生耐逆反应,抑制植株的生长发育。因此,在利用ABP9基因进行转基因抗逆育种时须考虑控制ABP9基因适时适量表达。     

玉米抗虫转基因技术研究进展

多类表达毒素基因可转入玉米植株中,用以增强玉米的抗虫性,另外,不少玉米本身也携有抗虫基因,转基因技术可以通过对这些基因的重组,从而研发新的抗虫性强的玉米品种。本文从基因种类、转基因技术等方面收集整理了相关研究进展信息,并对新品种的安全性研究等加以综述。     

Breeding for Parents of Hybrid Rice with Maize pepc Gene

The results of the investigation on transgenic rice with maize C4-specific phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) gene showed that the transgenic rice plants with the maize pepc gene expressed at high level and the maize PEPC expression was inherited in the progenies in a Mendelian manner. The transgenic plants had PEPC activity of more than 10-fold higher than untransformed plants. As compared with untransformed plants, the panicle per plant, spikelet per panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain-weight per plant for transgenic plants increased by 14.9 %, 5.7%, 1.3 % and 13.9 %, respectively. By crossing the maize pepc gene was incorporated into the parents of hybrid rice, which were the photo-sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS)lines of two-line hybrid rice such as Peiai64s, 7001s, 2302s, 2304s and 2306s-1, and the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of three-line hybrid rice such as Shuangjiu A, and restorer lines 5129, Wanjing97 in the spring of 1998. The following progresses were made: (1) The inheritance of the high-level expression of the maize PEPC was stable in different genetic background of rice; (2) PEPC activity of F1 hybrid was the mean of the two parents. Its saturated photosynthetic rate (Pn) rose to 50 % higher than that of the receptor parent. These results demonstrated that it is possible to increase the vigor of the rice plant by transgenic approach with maize pepc gene; (3) The activity of PEPC in leaf could be considered as the major physiological index because the correlation coefficient between PEPC activity and Pn was 0.6470 * *; (4) We have developed three rice lines with maize pepc gene; (5) The selection method of high photosynthetic efficiency rice has been established, which includes soaking seeds into solution of hygromycin phosphotransferase to germinate, tracing the pepc gene by PCR analysis, evaluating the performance of the rice plants in the field and examining PEPC activities and Pn of rice plants with maize pepc gene.     

Evaluation of drought tolerance in ZmVPP1-overexpressing transgenic inbred maize lines and their hybrids

The vacuolar proton-pumping pyrophosphatase gene(VPP) is often used to enhance plant drought tolerance via genetic engineering. In this study, the drought tolerance of four transgenic inbred maize lines overexpressing ZmVPP1(PH4 CV-T, PH6 WC-T, Chang7-2-T, and Zheng58-T) and their transgenic hybrids was evaluated at various stages. Under normal and drought conditions, the height and fresh weight were greater for the four transgenic inbred maize lines than for the wild-type(WT) controls at the germination and seedling stages. Additionally, the transgenic plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic efficiency at the seedling stage. In irrigated and non-irrigated fields, the four transgenic lines grew normally, but with increased ear weight and yield compared with the WT plants. Moreover, the ear weight and yield of the transgenic hybrids resulting from the PH4 CV-T×PH6 WC-W and Chang7-2-T×Zheng58-W crosses increased in the non-irrigated field. Our results demonstrated that the growth and drought tolerance of four transgenic inbred maize lines with improved photosynthesis were enhanced by the overexpression of ZmVPP1. Moreover, the Chang7-2 and PH4 CV transgenic lines may be useful for future genetic improvements of maize hybrids to increase drought tolerance.     

Ovipositional responses of Spodoptera frugiperda on host plants provide a basis for using Bt-transgenic maize as trap crop in China

Spodoptera frugiperda, the pest fall armyworm(FAW), is widespread in more than 100 countries. To date, planting insectresistant transgenic crops is one of the main control methods in its native countries. In this study we evaluated Bt-transgenic maize(Bt maize) and non-transgenic(conventional) maize and six other host plants in greenhouse pot experiments and field trials for oviposition preference by the Chinese populations of FAW. In laboratory trials, female moths preferred to oviposit on maize with no significant preference between conventional and Bt maize. However, after conventional and transgenic maize were exposed to FAW larvae and damaged, oviposition was significantly higher on transgenic maize than on the conventional one. Field trials showed that for plants less damaged at an early stage(seedling stage), oviposition of FAW on transgenic and conventional maize was significantly higher than that on wheat, sorghum, foxtail millet, peanut and soybean while showing no significant difference between transgenic or conventional maize. FAW adults mainly laid eggs on Bt maize, while the larval density and leaf damage rating or percentage of damaged plants were significantly lower than on conventional maize. Larval density and its damage on conventional maize were significantly higher than that on Bt maize and the other five hosts. Thus, maize is a highly preferred and suitable host for S. frugiperda feeding and ovipositing, and Bt maize can be used as trap crop to protect other crops.     

用反义RNA技术创造高直链淀粉玉米材料

 【目的】利用反义RNA技术调控玉米淀粉的生物合成过程,创造高直链淀粉玉米材料。【方法】克隆玉米淀粉分支酶(sbe2a)基因片段,以载体pWGLL为基础,构建高效反义表达载体,通过花粉管通道法将其导入玉米自交系铁7922中。【结果】获得了4株转基因株系,GFP表达检测、PCR扩增和Southern杂交结果表明,目的基因已整合到基因组中,且能够遗传。对4株转基因植株进行RT-PCR和淀粉分支酶活性检测,结果表明转反义sbe2a玉米淀粉分子酶基因的转录受到了明显抑制,淀粉分支酶活性明显低于野生型,相差最多的降低79.4%;直链淀粉含量也发生明显的变化,最高的提高了84.3%,且总淀粉含量与对照之间基本没有差异。【结论】采用反义RNA技术通过沉默内源sbe2a,可获得高直链淀粉含量的玉米材料。     

兼抗虫、除草剂、干旱转基因玉米的获得和鉴定

【目的】培育抗玉米螟、抗草甘膦、抗旱的转基因复合性状玉米种质。【方法】通过农杆菌介导的玉米茎尖遗传转化法,把重组到同一植物表达载体的cry1AcM、epsps、GAT和ZmPIS转入玉米骨干自交系9801和齐319（Q319）,获得转基因植株。通过逐代除草剂筛选、分子检测和抗虫性鉴定,从大量转基因株系中优选出6个优良玉米株系。在此基础上,以非转基因自交系9801、Q319为对照,在严格控制条件下对6个转基因株系进行抗虫、抗除草剂和抗旱性检测。由于不同生长时期植株对玉米螟危害的敏感程度有差异,在抗虫性检测试验中,对不同生长阶段的转基因玉米的抗虫性,分别进行了田间和室内玉米螟接种试验,并以灌浆期玉米的籽粒和苞叶饲喂玉米螟幼虫检测其杀虫性。在草甘膦抗性鉴定试验中,对6叶期田间玉米植株喷洒大田除草用量的草甘膦溶液评估其应用价值;采用3倍应用剂量的草甘膦溶液喷施3叶期玉米植株测试其草甘膦耐受力。在抗旱性鉴定试验中,对10叶期玉米植株进行干旱胁迫处理,观测转基因植株的表型变化并测定光合作用和叶绿素荧光等参数。【结果】选择出6个遗传稳定的兼抗亚洲玉米螟、抗草甘膦和抗旱性提高的转基因玉米株系,其中株系L1-L3来自自交系9801,Q1-Q3来自自交系Q319。通过RT-PCR检测4个转基因的转录强度,证明它们在转基因植株中有效表达;利用Western blot方法检测cry1Ac蛋白的表达水平,确定其在玉米植株中稳定表达。植株抗虫性鉴定结果显示这6个株系在玉米营养生长期和灌浆期的抗虫能力均显著高于未转基因自交系。在草甘膦抗性测试中,转基因植株表现出明显高于未转基因自交系的草甘膦抗性。在干旱控水期间,转基因植株能维持较强的光合能力和光系统Ⅱ活性,对干旱胁迫的抗性显著高于对照植株。【结论】将cry1AcM、epsps、GAT、ZmPIS一同转入玉米,赋予了植株抗玉米螟、抗除草剂草甘膦特性,提高了植株的抗旱性,达到生产中应用标准。培育出具有优良复合性状的转基因玉米新材料。     

转TGEV-S基因玉米中目的基因的PCR检测及优化

为提高转基因玉米中目的基因的检出效率,以猪传染性胃肠炎病毒纤突糖蛋白（TGEV-S）转基因玉米为材料,利用PCR方法检测样品中的目的基因.通过对PCR反应体系中4种不同DNA聚合酶和8种退火温度进行比较,建立和优化了转基因玉米中TGEV-S基因的PCR检测方法.对450株转基因玉米叶片DNA和种子DNA中的TGEV-S基因片段进行检测,并设计33对引物检测插入转基因玉米基因组DNA中的质粒pBAC9020DNA片段.结果显示,LA Taq酶对叶片DNA和种子DNA中TGEV-S片段的PCR扩增敏感性和特异性均优于其他Taq聚合酶,且退火温度为53～55℃时扩增效果较好.分别对450份转基因玉米叶片DNA和种子DNA检测结果显示阳性率分别为82.5％和76.3％.利用33对引物进行的PCR扩增及测序结果显示质粒pBAC9020基因片段已全部插入该玉米基因组DNA中.本试验建立的转TGEV-S基因玉米PCR检测方法敏感性和特异性高,为转基因玉米阳性植株的检测奠定了坚实的基础.     

Overexpression of a modified AM79 aroA gene in transgenic maize confers high tolerance to glyphosate

It has previously been shown that a bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS) encoding gene AM79 aroA can be a candidate gene to develop glyphosate-tolerant transgenic crops(Cao et al. 2012). In this study, AM79 aroA was redesigned using the plant biased codons and eliminating the motifs which would lead to the instability of mRNA, to create a synthetic gene that would be expressed highly in plant cells. The redesigned and artificially synthesized gene, named as mAM79, was cloned into plant expression vector pM3301 Ubi Sp AM79, where mAM79 is fused with signal peptide sequence of pea rib-1,5-bisphospate carboxylase(rbcS) small subunit and controlled by ubiquitin promoter. The plasmid was transformed into maize(Zea mays) immature embryos using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Total 74 regenerated plants were obtained and PCR analysis showed that these transgenic plants had the integration of mAM79. Southern blot analysis was performed on the genomic DNA from four transgenic lines, and the result showed that one or two copies of mAM79 were integrated into maize genome. RT-PCR analysis result indicated that mAM79 was highly transcribed in transgenic maize plants. When sprayed with glyphosate, transgenic maize line AM85 and AM72 could tolerate 4-fold of commercial usage of glyphosate; however, all the non-transgenic maize plants were killed by glyphosate. The results in this study confirmed that mAM79 could be used to develop glyphosate-tolerant maize, and the obtained transgenic maize lines could be used for the breeding of glyphosate-tolerant maize.     

ZmDREB2.7正调控玉米耐旱性的功能分析

为评价 ZmDREB2.7优异等位基因型对玉米耐旱性的作用，选择携带优异等位基因型的玉米自交系CIMBL70、CIMBL92做父本及敏感基因型的玉米自交系SHEN5003做母本，用于构建近等基因系群体。结果表明，NIL- ZmDREB2.7CIMBL70和NIL- ZmDREB2.7CIMBL92恢复率分别为 94.96%和95.11%；苗期存活率分别是81.34%和83.33%，显著高于轮回亲本（SHEN5003，37.3%）。为更加明确 ZmDREB2.7的耐旱效应，构建了 ZmDREB2.7pro: ZmDREB2.7转基因玉米植株。转基因玉米材料 ZmDREB2.7pro: ZmDREB2.7-1和 ZmDREB2.7pro: ZmDREB2.7-10相对表达量更高，苗期存活率分别是68.05%和 70.83%，显著高于野生型（A188，58.33%）。在新疆大田干旱条件下， ZmDREB2.7pro: ZmDREB2.7-1和 ZmDREB2.7pro: ZmDREB2.7-10两个株系均比野生型小区少减产20%以上。因此，研究结果可能为玉米耐旱新品种的培育提供有价值基因资源和可行的实践方案。     

转獐茅AlNHX基因烟草的耐盐生理研究

[目的]研究从禾本科盐生植物獐茅中分离的液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因AlNHX在盐胁迫下的功能和表达。[方法]转化AlNHX的烟草经过抗生素和PCR筛选后,用不同浓度的NaCl处理30 d,测定其单株干重、相对电导率、细胞渗透压以及K+/Na+比。[结果]在不同浓度NaCl处理下,转基因烟草的相对干重和细胞渗透压均高于对照烟草。在300 mmol/L NaCl处理下,转基因烟草的相对电导率明显低于对照。K+、Na+含量测定表明在盐胁迫下转基因烟草的根部和叶片均维持一个相对较高的K+/Na+水平。[结论]AlNHX是一个有效的耐盐基因,可进一步应用于单子叶农作物的基因改良研究。     

Field Evaluation of the Asian Corn Borer Control in Hybrid of Transgenic Maize Event MON 810

In this study,a transgenic Bt maize hybrid(event MON 810 from Monsanto Company)expressing Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)and its negative isoline hybrid were evaluatrial. Maize plants were artificially infested with neonate larvae of Asian corn borer at the mid-whorl(firstgeneration),pre-tassel(first-and/or second-generation),and silk(second-generation)growth stages.The transgenic Bt maize hybrid sustained significantly less leaf feeding damage(rating 1.0±0.0)than its negative isoline control(rating 7.3±0.1).With the Bt maize,1.3-6.8%of plants were damaged by corn borer tunneling with＜0.5 cm tunneling per stalk under different levels of infestation,compared with 100%of plants damaged with 9.3-25.0 cm tunneling per stalk for the negative isoline control. On average,transgenic Bt maize hybrids had only 0.01-0.05 tunnels per stalk and no stems were broken.In contrast,the negative isoline control had 3.11-8.36 tunnels per stalk and 31.2-73.9% of stems broken.Yields were significantly higher in trahsgenic Bt maize than in the control. These results demonstrate that transgenic Bt maize can significantly minimize yield losses caused by the Asian corn borer through resistance to the first-and second-generation larvae.