球孢白僵菌菌种退化及其对马尾松毛虫防治的影响

球孢白僵菌继代培养中通过菌落局变产生不同类型分离株。本试验检测结果显示此类分离株多表现为产孢量下降、速率增加,毒力降低等与生产性善良爱化类似的变异现象,少数产孢量高,毒力强的分离株,因其生长速率慢即在培养中被掩盖而消失,并据此推断出继代培养次数对该菌退化速率的影响,提出了控制该菌菌种退化的有效措施。     

玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis)菌落局变及其后代性状的初步研究

玉米小斑病菌在 PDA 平面培养基上常出现菌落局变(saltation)。从局变区菌丝分离获得的局变菌株及其后代仍保持对玉米的致病力。多数局变菌株的致病力增强,并且到第5代时仍能保持第1代时的致病强度。局变菌株的致病力与产孢量没有相关性。培养基上菌落的生长速度与对玉米的致病力也没有相关性,但与产孢量有关。     

脐腹小蠹伴生菌致病性测定

[目的]了解茄病镰刀菌对白榆的致病性及致病程度。[方法]通过在白榆细枝接种脐腹小蠹虫伴生真菌镰刀菌和在粗枝上接种镰刀菌等8株坑道真菌进行接种试验,测定脐腹小蠹虫的致病性。[结果]镰刀菌有伤接种可导致白榆粗枝条和细枝条韧皮组织变褐色坏死,从接种变褐色的组织中可重新分离到相同的真菌,说明脐腹小蠹虫的伴生菌镰刀菌可从伤口侵入,对榆树有一定的致病性,但致病性不强。[结论]通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,确定该镰刀菌为茄病镰刀菌。     

柑橘脚腐病菌的鉴定及柑橘种质的抗性测定

从具有典型柑橘脚腐病症的组织中分离出疫霉菌和镰刀菌菌株。致病性测定结果显示,接种疫霉菌1周后,离体柑橘叶片出现变褐腐烂症状,一年生实生苗的接菌部位出现茎腐、流胶等脚腐病症状,确证了该菌株的致病性。通过对菌的形态特征,培养形状和内转录间隔区ITS及延长因子TEF-1α序列进行分析,确认该菌为烟草疫霉菌(Phytophthora nicotianae)。依据枝条接菌结果,枳和枳橙对烟草疫霉菌有高的耐性。     

昆虫病原线虫共生细菌嗜线虫杆菌和发光杆菌的型变

嗜线虫杆菌(Xenorhabdus spp.)和发光杆菌(Photorhabdus spp.)是与昆虫病原线虫互惠共生的细菌,Xenorhabdus和Photorhabdus的一个显著特点是在共生菌体外培养期间出现细胞的型变,其型变的发生在几个方面不同于传统的型变.本文就近年来有关共生菌型变的生物学、遗传学等方面的研究进行了概述.     

松乳菇人工驯化栽培

松乳菇属红菇科乳菇属,又名美味松乳菇、松树蘑、松菌,是一种深受欢迎的美味食用菌。该菇人工栽培难度大。笔者通过多年潜心研究,摸索出一套人工驯化栽培方法。1.形态特征松乳菇菌盖宽4～10厘米,扁半球形,中央脐肚,伸展后往下凹,边缘起初内卷后平展。湿时沾、无毛、虾仁色、胡萝卜黄色。伤变绿色,特别是菌盖边缘部分变绿显著。菌肉初带白色,后变胡萝卜黄色,乳汁桔红至酱红色,后变绿色。味道稍辛辣,气味好闻,菌褶与菌盖同色。菌褶直生或稍延生,较密,近柄外分叉,褶间有横脉相连,伤或老后变绿色。柄长2～5厘米,粗1～2厘米,近圆柱形中空。孢子椭…     

15种杀菌剂对黑龙江省水稻褐变穗病菌的室内毒力测定

为筛选出低毒高效的杀菌剂来防治水稻褐变穗,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了15种杀菌剂对黑龙江省水稻褐变穗病原菌的抑制作用。筛选出了5种杀菌剂对水稻褐变穗病菌具有明显的抑制作用。结果表明:吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌·戊唑醇、咪鲜胺主要抑制病菌菌丝的生长,其EC50分别为0.047 5、0.145 3、0.884 1μg·mL-1;吡唑醚菌酯、乙蒜素、多抗霉素对病原菌分生孢子萌发具有较高的抑制作用,其EC50分别为0.000 2、0.000 5、0.041 2μg·mL-1。吡唑醚菌酯既能抑制水稻褐变穗病菌菌丝的生长,又能抑制分生孢子的萌发。     

西农大校园的羊肚菌

1989年4月,在西北农大校园某地发现名贵美味的羊肚菌以后,我们对该地点进行了适当的保护,今年4月在该地又长出一批个体较大的羊肚菌,其子实体散生在泡桐树下的杂草丛中,生长初期颜色较深,菌柄为浅黄色,菌盖褐色。此菌生长非常迅速、大约15d左右可以成熟,而且颜色也逐渐变浅。这些羊肚菌以菌盖形态大致可以分为三类:园球形、大园锥形(菌盖直径约为菌柄直径的2.5倍)及小园锥形。菌盖颜色由淡     

彩色獭兔肺炎克雷伯氏菌病诊治报告

对以食欲不振、呼吸困难、打喷嚏为主要临床症状的青年獭兔进行剖检,肺部分实变,颜色变深,切面有白色脓汁样液体流出。采集病料进行病原菌培养、生化试验和动物接种试验表明,该菌为克雷伯氏菌。药敏试验结果表明,庆大霉素、左氧沙星、阿米卡星、环丙沙星和诺氟沙星都可以用作预防和治疗该病的药物。该诊治报告表明,克雷伯氏菌也是引起家兔呼吸道疾病的病原菌之一,应引起养兔生产者的重视。     

齐齐哈尔玉米穗腐病病原菌的鉴定和致病性测定

为明确齐齐哈尔市玉米穗腐病病原菌,于2013年自黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市玉米种植区采集玉米穗腐病样品,进行病原物分离、鉴定及致病性测定研究。结果表明:分离的菌株菌落形态、分生孢子形态与禾谷镰孢菌相同,但不分泌色素;ITS基因序列与Genebank登记中的禾谷镰孢菌HQ671191.1同源性为100%;系统发育树状图结果显示该菌株与禾谷镰孢菌位于系统发育树的同一分支;按照科赫氏法则进行致病性测定,证实分离的病原菌可造成严重的玉米果穗腐烂。因此将该菌株命名为禾谷镰孢菌齐齐哈尔变种。     

继代培养对球孢白僵菌抗旱力的影响

检测了球孢白僵菌继代培养中菌落局变产生的分离株在不同湿度下分生孢子的发芽率,结果显示继代培养能增强菌株的抗旱力,但菌株生活力减弱。     

尖孢镰刀菌异核体及其不同核型分离子的孢子萌发时期同工酶分析

在获得尖孢镰刀菌棉花萎蔫专化型异核体菌株及其3个稳定的不同核型分离子的基础上，选择孢子萌发时期的幼嫩菌丝制备粗酶提取液，采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法进行了7种同工酶分析。结果表明，酯酶和乳酸脱氢酶电泳图谱在4个样品中完全一致；没有致病能力的菌株在葡萄糖－6磷酸脱氢酶在苹果酸脱氢酶的表达量高于致病力强的菌株；致病力强的菌株没有乙醇脱氢酶的表达。在4个样品中都没有检测到苹果酸酶和过氧化氢酶。     

Germplasm Evaluation,Inheritance,Molecular Marker and Mechanism of Resistance to Frog—eye Leaf Spot

Soybean frog-eye leaf spot(FLS)has been a major disease and production constralnt in the Northeast of China.The paper reported methods for identifying and evaluating resistant germplasm to the disease,at sometime listed several resistant cultivers or lines which were resistant to both dominant races(1,7race)and the mixture of over 8 races.It indicated that the resistance to race 1 or 7 were due to two different single dominant genes,respectively.And in he fied,there were more races,the resistance showed quantitative character.It was proposed the LTP,which was made according to the sizeand number of lesions could be used as an important index in selecting.Using bulked segregants analyxsis(BSA),the genetic distance between OPSO3 620 and resistant gene to race 7 wer identified 8.7cm.he results showed that the resistant cultivars had less number of stoma,closer arrangement of poliseade tissue and high cotent of wax.     

球孢白僵菌胞外蛋白酶产生水平及其与毒力关系的研究

检测了球孢白僵菌不同类型分离株的胞外蛋白酶产生水平,总体显示出继代培养将降低菌株胞外蛋白酶活性,胞外蛋白酶产生水平与菌株毒力有一定的协同性,但相关不显著。     

八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交后代主要性状的遗传特点

本试验以八倍体小偃麦为桥梁亲本与普通小麦进行杂交,研究了不同杂交方式的当代结实率,不同杂种世代的育性和若干性状的遗传特点。结果表明:1.八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦没有明显的杂交不亲和性;2.杂种后代的育性随着自交和回交世代的增进而逐渐提高;3.杂种(F_1)的株高与双亲平均值相近,F_1的抽穗期具有明显的倾早性,F_1的穗长和每穗小穗数高于双亲平均值;4.杂种后代变异类型丰富,可以分离并选育出抗病、矮杆、强杆、大穗多花等优良类型,丰富育种的种质资源。因此,利用八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交,是将偃麦草的遗传物质导入普通小麦,选育具有偃麦草优良特点的种质材料的有效方法。     

Somatic cell mating and segregation in chimeric frogs

Both pentaploid and haploid cells were observed in a short-term culture of bone marrow of a diploid-triploid frog chimera. Apparently, diploid and triploid marrow cells fused to form "hybrid" pentaploid cells, which subsequently gave rise by somatic reduction to haploid daughter cells. The hybrid marrow cells and their haploid segregants are presumably at a selective disadvantage, as neither type of cell has been detected in the circulating blood of chimeric frogs.     

Bulked Segregant Analysis to Detect QTL Related to Heat Tolerance in Rice （Oryza sativa L.） Using SSR Markers

The study was undertaken to assess the genetic effect of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） conferring heat tolerance at flowering stage in rice. A population consisting of 279 F2 individuals from the cross between 996, a heat tolerant cultivar and 4628, a heat-sensitive cultivar, was analyzed for their segregation pattern of the difference of seed set rate under optimal temperature condition and high temperature condition. The difference of seed set rate under optimal temperature condition and high temperature condition showed normal distribution, indicating the polygenic control over the trait. To identify main effect of QTL for heat tolerance, the parents were surveyed with 200 primer pairs of simple sequence repeats （SSR）. The parental survey revealed 30% polymorphism between parents. In order to detect the main QTL association with heat tolerance, a strategy of combining the DNA pooling from selected segregants and genotyping was adopted. The association of putative markers identified based on DNA pooling from selected segregants was established by single marker analysis （SMA）. The results of SMA revealed that SSR markers, RM3735 on chromosome 4 and RM3586 on chromosome 3 showed significant association with heat tolerance respectively, accounted for 17 and 3% of the total variation respectively. The heat tolerance during flowering stage in rice was controlled by multiple gene. The SSR markers, RM3735 on chromosome 4 and RM3586 on chromosome 3 showed significant association with heat tolerance respectively, accounted for 17 and 3% of the total variation respectively. The two genetic loci, especially for RM3735 on chromosome 4, can be used in marker-assistant-selected method in heat tolerance breeding in rice.     

Genes conferring specific plant disease resistance

Genes conferring host resistance to an obligate parasite, grouped together in complex loci provide opportunities to study their structure. By means of an appropriate operational definition of these genes, a modified cis-trans test was used to interpret the position effects of codominant genes mutually recombined within each of two complex loci of flax, with the use of a specially developed method of analysis among F(2) segregants. The different behavior of genes in the M and L groups may reflect a difference in their structure sufficient to raise important implications in the theory of specific host-parasite interactions.     

Genetic analysis of the maximum germination distance of Striga under Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae biocontrol in sorghum

Maximum germination distance(MGD) is an important component of Striga resistance in sorghum. The objective of this study was to determine gene action influencing MGD of Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica among selected sorghum lines treated with a biocontrol agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae(FOS) for effective breeding with Striga resistance, and FOS compatibility. Twelve sorghum genotypes were selected based on their Striga resistance, FOS compatibility, and superior agronomic performance. Selected genotypes were crossed using a bi-parental mating design to generate six families for genetic analysis. Agar-gel assays were used to determine low haustorium initiation factor(LHF) using the 12 parental lines, their F_1 progenies, backcross derivatives, and F_2 segregants in two sets. One set had S. hermonthica seed and the other one had S. asiatica seed. Both were treated with and without FOS. Genotypes were evaluated using a split-plot design with three replications and MGD data were recorded followed by generation mean analysis. FOS reduced MGD by 1cm under both S. hermonthica and S. asiatica infestations. Additive, dominance, and epistatic gene actions were involved in the control of MGD of the two Striga species in the evaluated populations. On average, the relative contribution of additive, additive×additive and dominance×dominance genetic effects on the MGD of S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, with FOS, were 20, 33, and 36%; and 21, 32, and 35%, respectively. Breeding methods exploiting these genetic effects may provide enhanced response to selection for Striga resistance and FOS compatibility in integrated Striga management(ISM) programmes.