中国主要稻区稻瘟病菌交配型分布及其育性能力的差异

 用4 个稻瘟病菌的标准交配型菌株,对1998～2003 年中国13个省(区)、市,670个稻瘟病菌单孢分离菌株的可育性和交配型进行了测定。结果表明,中国稻瘟病菌广泛存在MAT1-1、MAT1-2两种交配型菌株。可育菌株占测试菌株的40.3%,MAT1-1和MAT1-2菌株分别为21.9%、18.4%。不同稻区稻瘟病菌有性世代的形成能力有很大差异。用PCR技术对中国稻瘟病菌交配型进行快速分子测定,发现MAT1-1和MAT1-2菌株分别占62.5%和37.5%,绝大多数稻区同时存在两种交配型菌株。结果提示,尽管     

稻瘟病菌两个陆稻菌株的致病性遗传研究

 本文报道了94-84c（MAT1-1）和95-23-4a（MAT1-2）两个云南陆稻分离菌的杂交后代菌株的交配型及其在13个水稻品种上的致病性分离的研究结果。42个子囊孢子菌株与两个亲本菌株回交，共有78.6%的后代菌株在回交中产生了有性世代,其中MAT1-1的菌株22个,MAT1-2的菌株11个。致病性分离的结果则初步表明：94-84c菌株对楚粳17号、岫4-10、云粳135和春江06分别持有1个非致病性基因，对福锦、春江11、云粳34和腾糯2号则分别持有2个非致病性基因。95-23-4a菌株对半节芒/大红谷和大白谷分别持有1个非致病性基因。两个亲本菌株对丽江新团黑谷都不持有非致病性基因。     

利用HRM标记检测山东省稻瘟病菌群体的交配型分布

为明确山东省不同年份不同地区稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)群体的交配型分布,本研究以标准菌株S1528(MAT1-1)和P131(MAT1-2)做对照,利用高分辨率熔解曲线法对2016—2020年从山东省分离到的415株稻瘟病菌进行交配型测定。结果表明,山东省稻瘟病菌群体中同时存在MAT1-1和MAT1-2两种交配型,主要以交配型MAT1-2为主,出现频率为79.28%,交配型MAT1-1出现频率为2.89%。不同年份间稻瘟病菌群体交配型的出现频率存在差异,交配型MAT1-2在2016、2017、2018、2019、2020年的出现频率分别为73.33%、82.54%、65.74%、72.53%、99.07%。不同地区稻瘟病菌交配型存在差异,交配型为MAT1-2的菌株在鲁北地区出现频率最高,为87.40%,在鲁中和鲁南出现频率分别为79.67%和72.73%。表明山东省水稻稻瘟病菌株群体交配型存在多样性。     

我国稻瘟病菌有性态的研究

 用我国24个省、市（区）水稻和马唐上分离的1235个单孢菌株与国际水稻研究所提供的4个标准菌株进行杂交，多数菌株在培养基上形成了有性态的子囊壳。我国不同地区的稻瘟病菌和菌株之间有性态的能育性有很大差异，而子囊壳的产生和数量与配对标准菌株的交配型有关。供试菌株中存在着两种交配型（A和a），交配型A广泛分布于全国各水稻栽培区，交配型a仅来自云南和浙江两省的4个菌株。电泳分析9个稻瘟病菌代表菌株的可溶性蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶同工酶谱带的结果，未发现其多态性。本研究结果将为稻瘟病菌的遗传学和病害生态学研究奠定了基础。     

四川稻瘟病菌有性世代初步研究

1990──1993年，从四川省水稻及马后植株上获得235个Pyriculariagrisea菌株，与来自的标准苗株6023（交配型“a”），及2539W（交配型“A”）杂交，进行有性世代研究．结果表明：四川的大多数分离菌属于交配型“A”，只在涪陵地区发现一株“a”交配型．水稻分离菌的有性世代形成能力高于马唐分离菌；两性菌株主要分布在四川盆周地区．     

稻瘟病菌有性世代初步研究

 本文首次报道用来自我国10个省市(区)水稻的52个稻瘟病菌株与国际水稻所提供的4个标准菌株进行杂交,在培养基上形成了有性世代(产生子囊壳)。有性世代形成能力于菌株之间有很大差异,而了囊壳的产生和数量与配对标准菌株的交配型有关。同时还发现,供试菌株中存在着两种交配型(即A和a),但极大多数的菌株为交配型A,仅其中1个来自云南的菌株为交配型a。     

四川玉米小斑病菌交配型组成与育性分析

【目的】明确四川省玉米小斑病菌（Cochliobolus heterostrophus）自然群体的交配型和有性态形成能力（育性）,探索小斑病菌有性生殖在自然界发生的可能性。【方法】利用多重PCR技术对2013—2018年间采自四川和云南的玉米小斑病菌的交配型进行检测,通过相反交配型菌株的两两杂交筛选一对高配合力的菌株作为标准菌株,采用与标准菌株对峙的方法对待测田间菌株进行育性测定,以假囊壳及子囊的形成情况判定菌株的育性水平。【结果】544株玉米小斑病菌中交配型MAT1-1菌株286株,交配型MAT1-2菌株258株,出现频率分别为52.57%和47.43%。卡方检验两种交配型的比例符合1﹕1的分离比（χ²=1.441,P=0.230）,未出现偏离。两种交配型菌株在各采样区均有分布,不同年份间交配型结构基本一致。筛选得到MSRS-2-3（MAT1-1）和DY-12-1-2（MAT1-2）作为一对标准菌株,与标准菌株杂交能够产生子囊孢子的可育菌株比例为88.79%,不能产生子囊孢子的不育菌株比例为11.21%。可育菌株中存在育性的分化,高育性、中等育性和低育性菌株分别占测试菌株的12.32%、27.39%和49.08%。采自不同年份、不同地区的小斑病菌育性结构存在差异,2013—2018年可育菌株率分别为77.88%、78.57%、93.33%、94.87%、93.49%和88.76%。云南西双版纳地区的菌株可育率最高,达到100%;其次为四川北部、中部、南部和东部地区,菌株可育率分别为93.25%、89.87%、83.33%和79.31%;四川西部地区菌株可育率最低,为69.23%。【结论】玉米小斑病菌自然群体中普遍存在MAT1-1和MAT1-2两种交配型,两种交配型均衡分布且多为可育菌株。尽管未见自然条件下玉米小斑病菌有性世代的报道,但两种交配型菌株和高比例可育菌株的普遍存在表明有性生殖可能正在发生。     

四川省稻瘟病菌交配型再研究

用来自法国农业研究所(INRA)的标准菌株KAT3(MAT1-1)和GUY11(MAT1-2)及来自国际水稻研究所(IRRI)的标准菌株2539w(MAT1-1)和6023(MAT1-2)对四川省长期保存的141个稻瘟病菌菌株进行了育性和交配型的测定,利用根据MAT1-1和MAT1-2基因全序列所设计引物5′-TCAGCTCGCCCAAATCAACAAT-3′和5′-ACTCAAGACCCGGCACGAACAT-3′(MAT-1),5′-GAGTTGCCTGCCCGCTTCTG-3′和5′-GGCTTGGTCGTTGGGGATTGT-3′(MAT-2)进行PCR扩增测定交配型,141个菌株可育率经测定为36.17%,其中有27个为MAT1-1,占可育菌株的53%,24个为MAT1-2,占可育菌株的47%;稻瘟病菌株在交配中可起雌性、雄性和两性作用,两性菌株占可育菌株的48.94%;不同品种、采样地点乃至同一田块均病菌群体内均可出现两个交配型。PCR检测结果与对峙培养结果吻合率为75%。     

广东省稻瘟病菌群体交配型及育性的比较研究

 以分离自泰国大麦稻瘟病菌的2个菌株TH12和TH16，以及中国云南旱稻稻瘟病菌的2个菌株94-64-1b和95-23-4a为A、B两组标准菌株；以采集于2002年度广东省三大稻作区的141个稻瘟病菌株为供试菌株；对广东省稻瘟病菌群体的交配型及育性结构，以及两对标准菌株的鉴别能力进行了分析。在育性方面，广东群体的可育性菌株平均频率为85.9%。其中，粤北稻作区的最高，为97.7%，粤南稻作区的次之，为85.5%，粤中稻作区的最低，为74.2%。由此说明，稻作区之间存在一定的差异。就生长季节而言，早季的可育性菌株频率为82.8％，晚季的为89.6%，两者的差异不大。在交配型结构方面，广东群体以MAT1-2型菌株占绝对优势，占全部可育性菌株的98.3%。还有，在菌株的性别方面，广东群体的可育性菌株皆为雄性，而没有雌性和两性菌株。另一方面，在广东群体中，A组标准菌株的交配型检出率为86.5%，而B组标准菌株的交配型检出率仅为4.3%。由此说明， A组标准菌株的交配型鉴别能力远比B组标准菌株的强。这些结果提示，在进行交配型测定时，标准菌株的遗传背景和配合能力是应该考虑的重要因素。     

蛹虫草子囊孢子单孢分离与交配型基因鉴定

[目的]明确蛹虫草亲本和子囊孢子单孢菌株交配型基因类型.[方法]以自主分离保存的CM1901菌株新鲜子实体为材料,采用孢子弹射和梯度稀释培养法,获得子囊孢子单孢菌株.采用PCR方法对蛹虫草的亲本及单孢菌株的交配型基因进行鉴定.[结果]获得102个子囊孢子单孢菌株.亲本菌株同时含有MAT1-1和MAT1-2两种交配型;102株单孢分离株中,仅含MAT1-1交配型菌株57株,仅含MAT1-2交配型菌株24株,另外21株为亲本型(同时含有MAT1-1和MAT1-2),MAT1-1∶MAT1-2为78∶45.[结论]分离获得102个蛹虫草子囊孢子单孢菌株,发现这些单孢菌株交配型有3类,且MAT1-1∶MAT1-2比例为78∶45,与理论值1∶1有较大差值,所以蛹虫草不属于典型的二极性异宗配合型子囊真菌.     

Mating Type Alleles,Female Fertility and Genetic Diversity of Magnaporthe grisea Populations Pathogenic to Rice from Some Asian Countries

Five hundred and twenty-two isolates of Magnaporthe grisea isolated from rice in 5 Asian countries were characterized for their mating type by crossing them with 4 hermaphroditic isolates (KA3 and TH2: MAT1.1; Guy11 and TH-16: MAT1.2). Among them, 41% were MAT1.1 and 25% were MAT1.2.The remaining 34% did not produce perithecia with any of the 4 hermaphroditic testers. In Bangladesh, India,Nepal, Vietnam and in most provinces of China, both mating types were present. Only one mating type was found in 3 provinces and 1 city of China. Almost all the isolates had very low fertility, as they were in general female sterile and sometimes also male sterile. Hermaphroditic isolates were recovered from the 5 countries. In these countries, they represented between 13% and 75% of the isolates. In Zhejiang, Guizhou, Guangdong,Hunan, Yunnan and H-ubei provinces of China, hermaphroditic isolates represented between 6% and 67%.The genetic diversity of 143 isolates from these countries and provinces, where hermaphroditic isolates had been collected, was analyzed using SCAR markers. Genetic diversity was high and population structure did not resemble classical clonal structure described in most rice growing regions. The existence of sexual reproduction in the field, localization of a center of diversity in China, and migration between countries were discussed in this paper.     

用微卫星(MS)标记分析稻瘟病菌的有性生殖和遗传多样性

 用2对稻瘟病菌的两性能育菌株(交配型1.1和交配型1.2)测定中国9省、市89个稻瘟病菌株及由法国国际农艺研究和发展中心(CIRAD)提供作对照的巴西(BR)、喀麦隆(CM)、马达加斯加(MD)、马里(ML)、菲律宾(PH)、泰国(TH) 6国7个菌株的交配型。用微卫星分子标记分析了这些菌株的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系,并对其在稻瘟病菌的群体遗传的应用前景进行了讨论。     

福建省稻瘟菌的育性及其交配型

用来自国际水稻研究所的标准菌株 2 539W(MAT1- 1)和 6 0 2 3(MAT1- 2 )对福建省长期保存的 118个稻瘟菌株进行了育性和交配型的测定 .结果表明 ,经长期保存的菌株仍具有性生殖能力 ,其可育菌株率为32 .2 % ,可育菌株的交配型均为 MAT1- 1.研究结果还表明稻瘟菌育性与其致病稳定性有一定关系     

Distribution of mating types and genetic diversity induced by sexual recombination in Setosphaeria turcica in northern China

Mature ascocarps and ascospores in the heterothallic ascomycete fungus, Setosphaeria turcica, were successfully produced in Sach’s medium with barley culm as the mating stimulator after four weeks’ coincubation of two opposite mating type isolates at 25°C in darkness. A single isolate could not produce ascospores or ascocarps. The ascocarps were produced on the exposed surface and embedded parts of barley culm or in the upper layer of the medium. The asci linked themselves to ascocarp with their short handles and assembled at the bottom of the ascocarp. Many asci had four to six colorless mature ascospores with one to six septa. But asci with eight ascospores were also found. Using isolate 9914 and isolate 9961 as standard testers for mating types (MAT1 and MAT2), respectively, 94 isolates of S. turcica collected from northern China in 1999, 2003, and 2004 were grouped into three mating types: MAT1 (53 isolates), MAT2 (31 isolates) and MAT12 (10 isolates). The MAT12 isolates, which were first found in China, were compatible with not only MAT1 isolates but also MAT2 isolates. No MAT12 isolates were found in 1999, but 2 MAT12 isolates and 8 MAT12 isolates were found in 2001 and 2003, respectively. The geographic distribution of different mating types was unequal among locations. Generally the frequency of MAT1 was significantly higher than that of MAT2 and MAT12. The unequal distribution of mating types suggested a low frequency of genetic recombination. The pathogenicity of different mating type isolates was tested on the susceptible corn inbred B37 and the results revealed that the disease latency period, disease incidence, lesion area and conidia production were not significantly different among the three mating type groups. However, the pathogenicity of the progeny isolates of isolate 99-12 (MAT2, race 1) and isolate 99-15 (MAT1, race 0) was significantly different from the parent isolates, isolate 99-12 and isolate 99-15, suggesting that sexual recombination could cause significantly virulence variation in S. turcica. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis also revealed high genotype diversity among the progeny isolates, indicating that the sexual recombination could also produce significant genetic variation in the fungal pathogen.     

广东省侵染美香占2号的稻瘟病菌致病性及无毒基因变异分析

[目的]分析侵染广东稻区优质品种美香占2号稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)的致病性及无毒基因变异特征,为美香占2号在不同稻区的合理布局提供参考依据.[方法]利用9个抗稻瘟病单基因系,对稻瘟病菌单孢分离菌株进行致病性测定;并利用8个稻瘟病菌已克隆无毒基因的功能性分子标记对2013-2018年不同年份、不同...