两种选择性农药的使用对刺激三化螟产卵及水稻生化影响的研究

 扑虱灵、吡虫啉是选择性杀虫剂,主要目标是同翅目昆虫。经2年3个代次的试验研究,结果表明,非目标害虫三化螟幼虫取食2种农药处理的秀水63,其后代成虫产卵量显著高于对照,刺激了三化螟产卵。但这种效应又与水稻品种有关,对三化螟有中等抗性的镇稻2号不明显。另外,低龄幼虫(1龄)处理后刺激成虫产卵比高龄幼虫(3龄)处理更明显。生化测定表明,扑虱灵、吡虫啉处理后,水稻植株的草酸含量有一定下降,叶片光合速率显著下降,还原糖除扑虱灵在秀水63外,均有显著增加,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶因水稻品种和农药而异。     

农药对水稻体内草酸含量及草酸氧化酶活性的影响

为明确农药胁迫下水稻生理生化的变化,阐明农药诱导水稻感虫性的机制,比较研究了常用4种不同类型农药对水稻植株体内草酸含量和草酸氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:农药处理后3～6d,水稻植株体内草酸含量显著下降,9d后不同农药处理之间草酸含量不同,三唑磷与60 mg/L吡虫啉处理组草酸含量低于对照,其余处理组均高于对照.草酸氧化酶活性农药处理后3d,120 mg/L三唑磷处理组水稻植株草酸氧化酶活性高于其他处理组,处理后6d,30 mg/L吡虫啉处理组草酸氧化酶活性最高.9d对照组与处理组均无显著差异,井冈霉素处理组水稻草酸氧化酶活性最低.草酸含量的下降和草酸氧化酶活性降低,表明农药主要影响水稻植株体内草酸合成代谢途径.     

2种选择性农药刺激稻纵卷叶螟产卵的研究

[目的]探讨选择性农药是否是稻纵卷叶螟再猖獗的诱导因素。[方法]在盆栽和田间试验中,以武运粳7号为供试水稻品种,分别采用不同浓度的25%扑虱灵和10%吡虫啉对稻纵卷叶螟2龄和4龄期的幼虫进行喷雾处理,研究这2种选择性农药对稻纵卷叶螟产卵的影响。[结果]在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫2龄期用扑虱灵300.0、112.5、60.0 g/hm2进行喷雾处理能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵;在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫4龄期用吡虫啉60.0 g/hm2喷雾处理也能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵,并且其成虫产卵量与对照相比显著增加。[结论]扑虱灵和吡虫啉能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵,是稻纵卷叶螟再猖獗的诱导因素之一。     

4种药剂处理对中稻田害虫-捕食性天敌群落的影响

研究了三唑磷、杀虫双、阿维菌素、Bt 吡虫啉4种药剂处理对安徽江淮地区中稻田害虫-天敌群落的影响.结果表明,4种药剂处理对主要害虫的种群增长均有显著控制作用.三唑磷对群落多样性影响最大,其次是杀虫双,阿维菌素和Bt 吡虫啉处理区影响最小,其各处理区群落多样性平均值分别为1.509、1.537、1.770和1.782,均显著低于空白对照区(群落多样性平均值为1.945);药剂处理2周后,杀虫双处理区与三唑磷处理区的群落组成最相似,与Bt 吡虫啉处理区最不相似. 从群落稳定性和害虫可持续控制的角度看,4种药剂处理中以阿维菌素最优.     

农药对水稻叶片光合产物输出速率影响的示踪动力学研究

 在水稻品种、喷药时期及施药浓度方面研究了三唑磷、井冈霉素、吡虫啉等农药对水稻叶片光合产物输出速率的影响。试验应用放射性核素示踪的手段 ,在作物活体条件下 ,采用多探头作物活体养分测量仪采集了不同处理时水稻功能叶片标记光合产物的残留动态数据 ,运用动力学分析的原理和方法 ,建立了隔室分析模型和数学描述公式 ,求解了相应的输出速率常数K值。比较分析结果表明 ,施用供试农药后 ,均不同程度地降低了水稻叶片标记光合产物的输出速率 ,随着施药浓度的增加 ,产生的效应也增大 ;叶片光合速率的降低是造成叶片光合产物输出速率下降的主要原因之一。     

重庆市秀山县2003～2004年稻纵卷叶螟特大发生原因及控制技术

秀山县地处重庆市东南、武陵山区腹地,一季中籼稻区。近年来,随着扑虱灵(噻嗪酮)、杀虫双大粒剂、井冈霉素的全面推广及水稻品种的多元化,稻飞虱、稻螟虫、稻瘟病、稻纹枯病的为害得到较为有效的控制,但稻纵卷叶螟的控制难度尚大,特别是近几年来发生更重,多为中等偏重以上发生,     

农药影响稻纵卷叶螟产卵及生理生化指标

<正>试验探讨了扑虱灵和吡虫啉2种选择性农药对稻纵卷叶螟产卵和生理生化指标的影响。产卵试验结果表明,扑虱灵能刺激2龄稻纵卷叶螟幼虫产卵。幼虫体重和蛹重的试验结果表明,田间试验中除2龄期每公顷施用吡虫啉37.5克的幼虫体重显著高于不施用农药外,其他处理之间差异均不显著。2     

农药对不同水稻品种SOD活性的影响

 研究了几种农药处理后对不同水稻品种SOD活性的影响。结果表明 ,第一次施用除草剂后大部分处理5～ 15d内水稻SOD活性上升 ,而 10d左右则显著提高SOD的活性 ,15d开始下降 ,2 1d左右SOD活性与对照基本相一致 ;第二次再用杀虫双、井冈霉素处理后 2dSOD活性比对照上升 ,6dSOD活性则下降 ,这表明 2次施药对水稻的影响更大。水稻叶鞘中SOD活性的上升及下降反映了水稻植株的抵御能力     

农药影响稻纵卷叶螟产卵及生理生化指标

<正>试验探讨了扑虱灵和吡虫啉2种选择性农药对稻纵卷叶螟产卵和生理生化指标的影响。产卵试验结果表明,扑虱灵能刺激2龄稻纵卷叶螟幼虫产卵。幼虫体重和蛹重的试验结果表明,田间试验中除2龄期每公顷施用吡虫啉37.5克的幼虫体重显著高于不施用农药外,其他处理之间差异均不显著。2     

农药对水稻体游离氨基酸含量及抗虫性的影响

在盆栽条件下，探讨稻田常用的3种除草剂（神锄、丁草胺、苯达松）和井冈霉素、杀虫双多次施用后对水稻植株体内游离氨基酸含量及对水稻抗虫性的影响。结果表明：施用农药后水稻植株体内有利于褐飞虱取食的氨基酸明显增加，而不利于褐飞虱取食的γ-氨基丁酸则明显下降。在两种感褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ的品种，籼稻品种（IR26）似乎比粳稻品种（秀水63）对农药更敏感。无论是一次还是多次施用农药，在相同的褐飞虱虫量危害下，水稻受害程度显著加重。增加农药施用次数对水稻受害程度有一定的加重作用，且与施用药剂的间隔时间和药剂的效应期长短有关。     

Studies on Stimulating Effect of Two Selective Insecticides on the Numbers of Laid Egg by Yellow Rice Borer,Tryporyza incertulas (Walker) and Their Effects on Biochemistry of Rice Plants

Buprofezin and imidacloprid are selective insecticides against Homoptera insects. This paper in-vestigated stimulating effect of the two insecticides on the number of laid eggs by yellow rice borer, Tryporyzaincertulas (Walker) of three generations in 2001 -2002. The results showed that the reproductive rate of emer-gence months during the larvae feeding on the rice plants of Xiushui63 treated with the two insecticides was sig-nificantly higher than that of control, indicating that the numbers of laid eggs by the borer was stimulated fol-lowing buprofezin and imidacloprid applications. However, there was no such effect for the larvae feeding onrice variety Zhendao2 which showed moderate resistance to the insect. In addition, the incidence of stimulatingegg laid for the first instar treated with the two insecticides was greater than that for the third instar. Bio-chemical tests showed that oxalic acid concentration declined, and photosynthetic rate of rice leaves followingthe two insecticide applications declined significantly compared to control, whereas reducing sugar concentra-tion increased significantly for all other treatments of two varieties except Xiushui63 treated with buprofezin.The level of glutathione-S-transferase varied with rice variety and insecticide.     

Effects of Pesticide Applications on the Biochemical Properties of Transgenic cry 2A Rice and the Life History Parameters of Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homptera: Delphacidae)

Effects of transgenic Bt rice on non-target pests following pesticide applications plays an important role in evaluating the ecological safety of transgenic rice. Changes of the life history parameters of laboratory population of Nilaparvata lugens feeding on transgenic Bt rice T2A-1 and its parental line cv. MH63 as the control, and the contents of oxalic acid and soluble sugar following three pesticides (triazophos, jinggangmycin and chlorantraniliprole) treatments were investigated in this paper. Results showed that the population parameters of N. lugens and the physiological and biochemical parameters of rice did not differ significantly between T2A-1 and MH63 without pesticide application. But, the emergence rate (ER), the nymphal number of next generation (NN), and the index of population trend (IP) on T2A-1 treated with 10 mg L^?1 of triazophos were significantly higher than those on MH63, respectively, while the hatchability (HB) on T2A-1 treated with the three pesticides were obviously lower than those on MH 63. Furthermore, the content of oxalic acid in MH63 treated with 20 mg L^?1 triazophos and, 40 and 80 mg L^?1 chlorantraniliprole was significantly higher than that in T2A-1, while the content of soluble sugar in T2A-1 treated with 400 mg L^?1 jinggangmycin was significantly higher than that in MH63. The results above indicated that triazophos in a low dose could cause a more favor of T2A-1 to population growth of N. lugens compared with MH 63.     

几种复配剂对稻飞虱的防治效果比较

比较了6种复配剂对稻飞虱的防效,结果表明:噻嗪异丙威、吡蚜噻嗪酮、丙威毒死蜱的防效优异,吡虫乙酰甲、吡虫仲丁威的防效较好,以上5种复配剂均显著优于吡虫杀虫单,因此噻嗪异丙威、吡蚜噻嗪酮、丙威毒死蜱可作为防治稻飞虱的常规品种,吡虫乙酰甲、吡虫仲丁威作为替换品种,在防治过程中注意经常轮换药剂品种。     

Study on Effect of Pesticides on Rice Leaf Photosynthate Export Rate with Tracer Kinetics

Impacts of three pesticides, triazophos, jingganmycin and bisultap, on the export rate of photosynthate of rice leaf were studied with 14C for rice varieties, spraying time and application rate. Dynamics data of photosynthate of labeled rice functional leaves of different treatments were recorded with living plant nutrient detection instrument with multi-probes through tracer method of radioactive nuclide. Compartment analysis model and mathematical equations were constructed using principle and method of kinetics analysis,calculating constant (K) of export rate. The result showed that the export rate of photosynthate of labeled leaf reduced after pesticide treatments. The reduction of the export rate was positively related with the pesticide application rates and mainly attributed to decrease of photosynthetic rate.     

3种农药树干注射法防治荔枝蝽象在荔枝树叶中的残留分布

[目的]探讨吡虫啉、杀虫双和敌百虫3种农药树干注射法防治荔枝蝽象的可行性。[方法]采用树干注射法进行施药,研究吡虫啉、杀虫双、敌百虫3种药剂防治荔枝蝽象在荔枝树叶中的残留分布。[结果]吡虫啉和敌百虫能快速分布到树干中,杀虫双则缓慢在树干中分布;农药持续时间长,敌百虫残留时间最长,9 d后残留量仍高达0.312 mg/kg,吡虫啉次之,9 d只有0.015 mg/kg,杀虫双最差。[结论]该法防治药效长,污染小,几乎不杀伤天敌,不受天气影响,可在生产中推广应用。     

低磷胁迫对‘浙粳22’等8个晚粳稻品种苗期性状和养分吸收的影响

以浙江省晚粳稻主栽品种‘浙粳22’、‘浙粳27’、‘秀水110’、‘秀水09’、‘秀水128’、‘秀水63’、‘嘉991’和‘嘉花1号’为材料,研究了低磷胁迫(0.5 mg/L)下根系和秧苗生长情况。结果表明,不同品种的根长、干物质重、氮、磷、钾养分吸收、根系磷素吸收动力学参数I_max(最大吸收速率)、K_m(吸收速率=1/2 I_max时介质中离子的浓度)和C_min(根系净吸收速率为零时介质中离子的浓度)均存在显著差异,‘浙粳22’、‘浙粳27’、‘秀水110’、‘秀水09’和‘秀水63’低磷胁迫时Km和C_min较小,I_max较大,对磷的亲和力和利用效率较高,具有一定的耐低磷特性;相反,‘嘉花1号’、‘嘉991’和‘秀水128’的K_m和C_min较大,I_max较小,对磷的亲和力较低,对低磷胁迫表现较为敏感。     

水稻无公害生产病虫草调控技术研究

利用无公害农药和农业措施防治水稻主要病虫草害,试验结果表明,多抗霉素在水稻分蘖末期和孕穗末期各喷施1次,对纹枯病防效达75.16%～94.27%,优于化学杀菌剂三唑酮;春雷霉素和灭瘟素在叶瘟病发生初期及破肚期、齐穗期各喷施1次,对叶瘟防效为50.54%～72.67%,穗瘟为76.66%～87.42%,与化学杀菌剂三环唑相当。无公害农药在二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟1～2龄幼虫期使用,苏云金杆菌防效优于化学杀虫剂杀虫双,皂素烟碱和苦参碱与杀虫双相当;皂素烟碱和苦参碱在稻飞虱1～2龄若虫期使用,药后3～30d防效均在70%以上,低于化学杀虫剂吡虫啉。在水稻移栽前耕地2次,再配合施用适量的未腐熟有机质或人工除草,能控制杂草发生和提高产量。采用无公害农药和农业措施防治水稻病虫草,产量较常规化防区略有增加,稻谷中农药残留量较化防区低,符合绿色食品卫生指标要求。     

40%仲威·毒死蜱乳油防治稻纵卷叶螟田间药效试验

以水稻品种宁粳3号和镇稻11号为试材,进行了40%仲威·毒死蜱乳油、30%唑磷·毒死蜱乳油、36%敌百·三唑磷乳油和40%丙溴·毒死蜱乳油田间防治稻纵卷叶螟的比较试验。结果表明：40%仲威·毒死蜱乳油对稻纵卷叶螟防治效果较好。同时进行了不同使用剂量的40%仲威·毒死蜱乳油防治效果试验。结果表明：在卵孵高峰期施药,40%仲威·毒死蜱乳油1 800 mL/hm2处理的杀虫效果较好,防效达95.9%,保叶效果为92.4%,与对照药剂20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂150 mL/hm2以及50%稻丰散1 800 mL/hm2和2 250 mL/hm2的防治效果相当。40%仲威·毒死蜱乳油对稻纵卷叶螟具有较好的防治效果,对水稻安全,是防治稻纵卷叶螟的理想药剂。