稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm对大蒜生长的影响

采用镧 (La) |铈 (Ce) |锗 (Pr) |钕 (Nd) |钐 (Sm)五种稀土溶液对大蒜进行栽培。结果表明 :浓度为 50ppm稀土元素Pr、Sm、La-Ce组合、La -Sm组合、Pr-Sm组合、La-Ce-Pr组合对大蒜发芽有明显的促进作用 ,Sm、La-Nd组合、La—Sm组合、Ce—Nd组合、La—Ce-Nd—Sm—Pr组合对蒜苗长长有极显著的促进作用。Pr,Nd、La—Sm组合、Ce-Nd组合、Ce—Sm组合 ,La—Ce—Nd组合、La—Ce—Sm组合对蒜苗的增重作用明显。     

砧、穗品种对油茶芽苗砧嫁接体形态的影响

[目的]采用4个优良品种互为砧穗,调查分析砧木和穗条品种对油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)芽苗砧嫁接苗苗期生长的影响,为油茶砧穗组合嫁接提供理论参考.[方法]以赣190为砧木或穗条,赣兴47、赣永6、赣兴46为对应的穗条或砧木,设置同砧组和同穗组共7个油茶芽苗砧组合,2年生时调查测定其地上部分和根系生长情况.[结果]砧木品种和接穗品种对油茶芽苗砧嫁接体根系茎叶和根系的生长、形态等有显著影响.7个油茶芽苗砧嫁接组合中,以组合1(赣兴47/赣190)苗高生长最大、组合3(赣兴47/赣190)次之、组合2(赣永6/赣190)最小,分别为69.53,63.93,54.53 cm;地径、分枝数以组合3在7个砧穗组合中表现较好;叶片形态指标(叶面积、叶长、叶宽)由大到小依次为组合3、本砧组合4(赣190/赣190)、组合6(赣190/赣永6)、组合2、组合1组合7(赣190/赣兴46)和组合5(赣190/赣兴47);总根长、总表面积、总投影面积形态指标以组合1表现最高,组合3次之,组合7根系指标表现最差.[结论]7个油茶芽苗砧组合中,以组合3(赣兴46/赣190)的地上部分生长形态与根系指标综合表现较好,砧木和接穗品种对油茶芽苗砧嫁接体苗期生长有明显影响,在油茶嫁接育苗过程中,要综合考虑砧木和穗条品种的生长特性,重视砧穗间交互作用.     

专门化父、母本猪杂交组合性能测定

试验设5个组合,每个组合挑选体重30 kg左右的仔猪20头,进行生长肥育性能、胴体性能和肉质性状测定。结果表明,以法系大约克猪为主选育的ZFY系和以丹系杜洛克为主的选育的ZFD系为父本种猪与以莱芜猪选育的ZML系为专门化母本的三系杂交组合,生长速度快,胴体瘦肉率高。ZML系♀×ZFD系♂组合,生长速度较快,肉质性状优良,肌内脂肪含量高。     

广西杂交稻产量、米质及抗性综述

以2000～2005年通过广西区农作物品种审定的部分杂交稻组合为依据,从产量、米质、抗性等方面分析了广西杂交稻选育的概况,指出当前广西杂交水稻在产量、抗性、米质等方面还不能完全适应现实的需要。提出野生稻优异种质是今后杂交水稻突破性育种的必需种质,应加强对超级杂交稻的选育工作,并充分利用广西野生稻种质资源,选育适合广西生态条件的超级杂交稻组合,以丰富广西杂交稻类型,进一步提高杂交水稻的单产、品质和抗性。     

玉米纤维饲料、青贮玉米和苜蓿干草间组合效应研究

试验旨在研究玉米纤维饲料(DCGF)、青贮玉米、苜蓿干草间组合效应,将DCGF与青贮玉米以0100、1585、2575、3565、4555、1000比例组合,利用体外瘤胃发酵技术,分析不同组合对体外发酵指标、单项组合和综合组合效应值影响,选择DCGF与青贮玉米理想组合比例(X);再与苜蓿干草以0100、2080、4060、6040、8020和1000组合发酵,筛选3种饲料间适宜组合比例。结果表明,DCGF与青贮玉米各组合在产气参数上差异显著(P0.05),随着DCGF比例增加,菌体蛋白、总挥发性脂肪酸产量逐渐提高;多项组合效应指标评定结果表明DCGF与青贮玉米以3565组合时正组合效应值最大。DCGF/青贮玉米(3565)与苜蓿干草以8020比例组合时产气量最大,以6040比例组合时氨态氮组合效应值最大,以8020组合时总挥发性脂肪酸组合效应值最大。综合组合效应指数,表明DCGF/青贮玉米(3565)与苜蓿干草以6040比例组合时效应值最大。由此可见,DCGF与青贮玉米以3565比例组合较为适宜,DCGF/青贮玉米(3565)与苜蓿干草以6040比例组合效果较好。     

葡萄籽中原花青素、葡萄籽油和白藜芦醇的联合提取

为了以较低的成本充分提取葡萄籽中的活性物质,利用有机溶剂法对葡萄籽中的活性物质原花青素、葡萄籽油和白藜芦醇进行联合提取工艺研究.结果表明:有机溶剂法提取3种活性物质的6种不同组合中,原花青素的得率差异不显著,得率为163.196~164.740mg/g;葡萄籽油得率最高的为F组合[葡萄籽油(以石油醚为提取剂,料液比为1∶10,55℃浸提2次,每次30min.)→白藜芦醇(以乙酸乙酯为提取剂,料液比为1∶10,30℃浸提2次,每次3h)→原花青素(以70%乙醇为提取剂,料液比为1∶10,50℃下浸提2次,每次1h)],得率达231.047mg/g;白藜芦醇得率最大的为E组合(3种成分的提取参数与F组合相同,葡萄籽油→原花青素→白藜芦醇),得率为39.13μg/g,但与F组合的得率38.74mg/g差异不显著,且E组合中获得白藜芦醇浓缩液色素含量较高,后续白藜芦醇的脱色纯化较为困难.综合3种物质的得率及后续的纯化工艺,F组合为最佳提取组合,即先提取葡萄籽油,其次提取白藜芦醇,最后提取原花青素.     

高产、优质、抗病玉米杂交种新单23

新单23是新乡市农业科学院2000年以自选系新4(白)作母本，自选系新7(红)做父本杂交组配而成。2001年在院内进行杂交组合产比试验；2002～2003年参加河南省玉米杂交种区域试验；2003年参加河南省玉米杂交种夏播生产试验。     

沈阳市野花组合的应用调查及评价分析

以沈阳市播种的道路组合、宿根组合、矮生组合3个野花组合类型作为研究对象,通过建立一套完整的野花组合景观评价体系(AHP),对其进行调查研究及评价分析,选出最适合沈阳栽植的野花组合。结果表明:在栽植的野花组合中,道路组合二在播种第一年评分为9.88(Ⅰ级),在播种第2年评分为7.80(Ⅲ级);宿根组合一在播种第1年评分为9.03(Ⅰ级),在播种第2年评分为8.31(Ⅱ级);矮生组合一在播种第1年评分为9.30(Ⅰ级),在播种第2年评分为8.50(Ⅱ级),可大面积推广应用,丰富沈阳市花卉应用形式。     

高产特优组合库、源、流特性研究

以杂交稻特优多系1号和特优63为供试材料,汕优63为对照,研究高产杂交稻特优组合的库、源、流特性。结果表明:特优多系1号和特优63源、库、流特性相似,差异不大;高产杂交稻特优组合库容量大,主要体现在大穗优势上;冠层叶挺直,比叶重高,叶面积指数大,光合产物积累量大,特别是生育中、后期干物质生产优势明显,粒叶比高;花后光合产物对籽粒充实的贡献大,源库流间流的通畅性好,库、源、流能在较高水平上协调是特优组合高产的主要成因。     

抗病、丰产、早熟西葫芦“青丰”

“青丰”西葫芦是山东农业大学园艺学院樊治成教授和兖州市蔬菜服务中心联合,广泛收集国内外西葫芦品种资源80余份,进行筛选、鉴定、杂交配组,经过多代自交的基础上选育出了5个优良、稳定的自交系,对5个自交系进行正反杂交组合,以20-3-9和Z为父母本的组合,符合生产需要的抗病、     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

Mineralogy, petrology, and surface features of lunar samples 10062,35, 10067,9, 10069,30, and 10085,16

The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites.     

Research and development, productivity, and inflation

R & D, through its effects on the rate of productivity increase, can significantly restrain the rate of inflation in the medium and long run. High rates of inflation damage the workings of the price system and impair the efficiency of practically all economic activities, including R & D. Findings suggest that the percentage increase between 1969 and 1979, in total real R & D expenditures, has been exaggerated due to the inadequacy of the gross national product deflator as applied to R & D.     

Space, stars, c60, and soot

Although carbon has been subjected to far more study than all other elements put together, the buckminsterfullerene hollow-cage structure, recently proposed to account for the exceptional stability of the C(60) cluster, has shed a totally new and revealing light on several important aspects of carbon's chemical and physical properties that were quite unsuspected and others that were not previously well understood. Most significant is the discovery that C(60) appears to form spontaneously, and this has particularly important implications for particle formation in combustion and in space as well as for the chemistry of polyaromatic compounds. The intriguing revelation that 12 pentagonal "defects" convert a planar hexagonal array of any size into a quasi-icosahedral cage explains why some intrinsically planar materials form quasi-crystalline particles, as appears to occur in the case of soot. Although the novel structural proposal has still to be unequivocally confirmed, this article pays particular attention to the way in which it provides convincing explanations of puzzling observations in several fields, so lending credence to the structure proposed for C(60).     

Strategic command, control, communications, and intelligence

Command, control, communications, and intelligence (C(3)l) for nuclear forces are essential elements in the deterrence of nuclear war. The present C(3)l) system has vulnerabilities associated with its reliability, survivability, and endurance under attack, thereby weakening deterrence by increasing the ambiguity in our capabilities. Development of a reliable and enduring C(3)l) system would reduce this ambiguity. Its reliable, positive control of nuclear forces would give the national leadership more time to assess situations, ensure discriminate retaliation, and improve our ability to manage crises in general. These capabilities could help to stop a war rapidly should one start. A reliable and enduring C(3)1) system will be needed for a long time to come, even if a freeze on strategic nuclear forces is accomplished or other arms control successes achieved. Indeed, C(3)l) may be the best source today of confidence-building measures to reduce tensions and the threat of nuclear catastrophe.