节节麦抗小麦白粉病基因的SSR定位

从节节麦(Aegilops. tauschii(Coss.)Schmal)Y189和Y176杂交F2材料鉴定出1个抗小麦白粉病基因,暂时定名PmAeY2.遗传分析表明,PmAeY2是一个显性基因.应用分离群体分组法(BSA)筛选微卫星标记,并用相应的F2分离群体进行连锁分析,发现4个标记Xgwm583、Xgwm174、Xgwm182和Xgwm271与PmAeY2连锁,遗传距离分别为25.7、16.7、9.1和7cM.根据连锁标记所在小麦微卫星图谱的位置.PmAeY2 被定位在5DL染色体.根据基因所在染色体的位置、抗病性特征以及连锁标记扩增的特异性,可以认为PmAeY2是个新的抗白粉病基因,并且可以应用于分子标记辅助选择.     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr19 的SSR标记

 选取小麦感叶锈病亲本Thatcher、6个以Thatcher为遗传背景的小麦抗叶锈近等基因系及TcLr19与Thatcher杂交F2代为材料，开展了小麦抗叶锈基因Lr19的微卫星分子标记研究；从13对微卫星引物中筛选出了1对在亲本及TcLr19×Thatcher F2抗感群体间揭示多态性的引物Xgwm44，并获得了1个与小麦抗叶锈基因Lr19紧密连锁的SSR标记Xgwm44139bp，此标记位点与Lr19基因之间的遗传距离为0.9cM。该研究可为分子标记辅助育种及构建遗传图谱、物理图谱和基因克隆奠定了基础。     

小麦品种Bogatka抗白粉病基因的分子标记定位

为明确小麦品种Bogatka抗白粉病性状的遗传基础,利用感病亲本薛早和Bogatka以及其杂交所得"薛早/Bogatka"F1与薛早回交得到的BC1群体,进行遗传分析和分子标记定位。结果表明,Bogatka中含有1个显性抗白粉病基因,暂命名为MlBogatka。进一步利用BSA法对BC1分离群体进行分子标记检测,得到与MlBogatka基因连锁的分子标记STSBCD135、Xgwm501和Xwmc332,并构建遗传连锁图。根据这些分子标记的染色体定位信息,该基因位于小麦2B染色体长臂。综合对该基因的标记定位和Pm6基因特异分子标记检测结果,推测该基因可能是Pm6或与Pm6位点紧密连锁的抗白粉病基因。本研究结果为Bogatka在小麦抗白粉病育种中的利用提供了依据。     

粗山羊草Y192中抗叶锈基因LrY192的SSR定位

 【目的】在粗山羊草(Aegilops tauschii)中寻找新的抗叶锈病基因,为抗病育种提供新种质。【方法】本研究对抗小麦叶锈病的粗山羊草Y192和感小麦叶锈病的Y2272进行杂交,通过F2代抗叶锈性分离情况确定可能含有的抗叶锈基因数量,应用分离群体分组法（bulked segregation analysis,BSA）筛选D染色体上与抗叶锈性相关的SSR标记,用MapChart软件构建遗传连锁图谱。利用分子辅助鉴定和抗叶锈表型分析推测Y192可能含有的抗叶锈基因。【结果】在接菌04-5-192(THNT)的杂交后代中F1代表现抗病,F2代表现3:1的抗感分离,表明该基因为一个显性抗病基因,将该抗病基因暂命名为LrY192。筛选到的3个SSR标记Wmc245、Xgwm296和Xgwm261与该基因的遗传距离分别为4.1、18.9和26.2 cM。根据连锁标记在小麦微卫星图谱的位置,LrY192被定位在2D染色体上。【结论】综合分析基因所在的染色体位置及抗病特性,认为LrY192是一个新的抗小麦叶锈基因,获得的SSR标记Wmc245可用于分子辅助选择。     

普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系抗条锈病基因的遗传分析和微卫星标记

【目的】M853-2是一个通过杂交和回交选育的普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系,苗期对中国小麦生产上流行的条锈菌(Puccinia striiformsf.sp.tritici)主要生理小种表现良好抗性。研究易位系M853-2抗条锈菌的遗传规律,对揭示其遗传机制和抗源的筛选具有重要意义。【方法】以感病品种铭贤169和易位系M853-2作亲本,通过杂交制备F2代种子,用人工接种方法研究M853-2及其杂交后代对小麦条锈菌不同生理小种的苗期抗性,并进行了遗传分析,最后对其中一个接种群体进行了SSR标记。【结果】M853-2对条中29的抗锈性遗传受2对显性和1对隐性基因的独立控制,对条中30的抗锈性遗传受2对隐性和1对显性核基因以及3对隐性胞质基因的共同作用,对条中31的抗锈性遗传受2对显性(互补作用)基因的独立控制,对Su-4的抗锈性遗传受1对显性和1对隐性核基因以及2对显性(互补作用)胞质基因的共同控制,对Su-11的抗锈性遗传受1对显性基因的独立控制,将该抗锈基因暂命名为YrElm2,并对该接种群体利用BSA法进行了SSR标记。从305对SSR引物中筛选到1个位于4BL上的SSR标记Xgwm495,连锁分析表明,YrElm2与Xgwm495的遗传距离为7.60 cM,该抗病基因位于4BL上。【结论】普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M853-2对小麦条锈病有良好的抗性,对所接种的菌系CY29、CY31和Su-11表现为核基因遗传,对CY30和Su-4表现为与核质互作有关的抗病性遗传,说明易位系M853-2可以作为抗源在我国小麦抗锈育种中应用。     

小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图#br#

【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。     

小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图

【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。     

小麦品种SARKA抗白粉病基因遗传分析及SSR标记初选

[目的]对小麦品种SARKA的抗白粉病基因进行遗传分析。[方法]SARKA（抗）×河农822（感）的F1代表现为感病,对其F2代分离群体300株进行抗病、感病鉴定;利用χ^2测验进行统计分析;采用集团分离分析法（BSA）对F2代群体建立抗病DNA池和感病DNA池,选取均匀分布于小麦21个连锁群上的165对引物对抗感DNA池以及双亲进行SSR引物筛选。[结果]经过χ^2测验符合1：3一对等位基因的分离规律,抗性分析表明,SARKA的抗病性是由一对隐性基因控制。[结论]位于1A染色体上的SSR标记Xgwm99、Xgwm357与SARKA的抗白粉病基因连锁程度较高,遗传距离分别为34．7和29．9cM。     

小麦品种中梁16的抗条锈性研究

小麦条锈病是小麦生产上最严重的世界性病害之一。小麦品种中梁16具有抗逆性强、高产、抗条锈性强等优良特性。为明确其抗条锈性遗传规律,利用条锈菌小种CYR30对中梁16与感病品种铭贤169及其杂交后代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析。结果表明,中梁16对CYR30小种具有良好的抗性,由1对显性基因控制,暂命名为Yr Zhong16。通过分子标记分析,获得了与Yr Zhong16连锁的4个SSR标记Xwmc696、Xgwm644、Xbarc95和Xgwm131。其中与Yr Zhong16最近的侧翼位点为Xgwm644和Xbarc95,其遗传距离分别是2.3和3.5 c M。根据SSR标记的定位结果,将Yr Zhong16定位在小麦染色体7BL上。这些与Yr Zhong16连锁的分子标记为利用中梁16抗条锈病基因进行抗病基因聚合和分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。     

染色体定位粗山羊草抗小麦白粉病基因PmAeY1

小麦白粉病是严重影响小麦生产的重要病害之一，利用抗病品种是防治该病最为经济、有效和环境安全的方法。目前已经标记31个小麦抗白粉病基因，但大多数抗性丧失或与不良性状紧密连锁。粗山羊草存在许多小麦抗病基因，它可以扩大小麦抗病基因的基础，提供新的抗小麦白粉病基因的来源。使用分离群体分组分析法（BAS），将抗小麦白粉病E11菌株的粗山羊草材料Y219与感病材料Y169杂交，F1代表现抗病，F2代出现抗感3：1分离，用SSR标记技术，抗病新基因PmAeY1定位在2D染色体上，与Xgwm484、Wmc453、Xgwrrd15和Xgwm157的遗传距离分别是30．4、23．4、6．1和5．5cM。     

Mapping of Fertility Restoring Gene for Aegilops kotschyi Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Wheat Using SSR Markers

LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat. Microsatellite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among (KJ5418A//911289/LK783)F1 population,respectively. Seventy-nine sets of SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between the two pools, 6 of which were found polymorphic. Linkage analysis showed that Xgwm11, Xgwm18 , Xgwm264a and Xgwm273were linked to the restoring gene in LK783, while Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm273 were co-segregated. The distance between the Rf gene in LK783 and the three co-segregated markers was 6.54±4.37 cM, the distance between Rf gene and Xgwm264a was 5.71±4.10 cM. The four SSR markers were located on chromosome 1BS by amplifying the DNA of nulli-tetrasomics and ditelosomics of CS with the 4 sets of primers, indicating that the major restoring gene in LK783 was located on 1BS, but the relative location of the gene was different from Rfv1, allelism of the two genes should be further investigated. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat would be facilitated by using the four polymorphic markers.     

Detection of Allelic Variation in Chinese Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Germplasm with Drought Tolerance Using SSR Markers

Allelic variation in two domestic wheat landraces, Pingyaobaimai and Mazhamai, two cornerstone breeding materials and their derived cultivars with drought tolerance was detected by SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. The clustering of 25 accessions showed that the similarity between Pingyaobaimai and Yanda1817, the latter was developed from the former, was 0.71, the highest one of all accessions, but the similarities were very low between these two accessions and other accessions including their derived cultivars. A similar situation was revealed between Mazhamai and its derived cultivars. Pingyaobaimai and its three derived cultivars shared three alleles at loci Xgwm526, Xgwm538 and Xgwm126 on chromosome arms 2BL, 4BL and 5AL, respectively. There were six shared alleles in Mazhamai and its derived cultivars, in order of Xgwm157,Xgwm126, Xgwm212, Xgwm626, Xgwm471 and Xgwm44 on chromosome arms 2DL, 5AL, 5DL, 6BL, 7AS and 7DC, respectively. Only one shared allele was detected between the pedigrees of Pingyaobaimai and Mazhamai. The difference of shared alleles in two cornerstone breeding materials and their derived cultivars revealed the diversity in Chinese wheat germplasm with drought tolerance and the complication in genetic basis of drought tolerance in wheat.     

Genetics and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrShan515in Chinese Wheat Cultivar Shan 515

Stripe rust is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. To identify new resistance genes is significant in wheat breeding. In this study, stripe rust resistance of a Chinese cultivar Shah 515 was tested with Chinese predominant races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in the seedling stage, and genetic analysis and simple sequence repeats (SSR) technique were used to identify the inheritance model of seedling stripe rust resistance in cultivar Shan 515 and to mark the sites of resistance gene(s) on chromosome. The genetic analysis indicated that the resistance of Shan 515 against Su 11-4 was conferred by a single dominant gene, which was temporarily designated as YrShan515. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and SSR markers, 12 SSR markers (Xwmc335, Xwmc696, Xwmc476, Xbarc267, Xgwm333, Xwmc653, Xwmc396,Xgwm213, Xgwm112, Xgwm274, Xcfd22, Xgwm131, and Xwmc517) located on wheat chromosome 7BL were linked to YrShan515 with genetic distance ranging from 3 to 24 eM. Based on the previously published genetic map and Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic analysis, YrShan515 was located on wheat chromosome 7BL. Polymorphism of wheat cuitivars collected from Huanghuai wheat grown regions were screened with two markers, Xwmc653 and Xbarc267, and all of these wheat cultivars tested did not present the polymorphic bands as Shan 515 did. Therefore, it suggested that YrShan515 might be a allele of the available yellow rust resistance gene. The mapping of the new resistance gene in Shan 515 is useful for wheat breeding and diversification of resistance genes against stripe rust in commercial wheat cultivars in China.     

小麦白粉病抗病新基因PmHNK的遗传分析和分子标记定位

 【目的】周98165对河南省当前流行白粉菌生理小种具有较好的抗性,并且综合农艺性状优良。明确其抗白粉病基因及遗传特性,筛选与其紧密连锁的分子标记,为抗白粉病育种提供抗源和理论支撑。【方法】将周 98165与中国春杂交、自交、测交,对双亲及其杂交后代进行苗期鉴定,用小麦白粉病菌08B1进行遗传分析,利用SSR、EST-SSR技术对双亲及抗感池进行筛选和电泳分析,并结合中国春缺四体材料进行染色体定位。【结果】周98165对3个白粉菌高毒力小种抗性良好,其抗病性受1对显性核基因控制,将该基因暂命名为PmHNK。筛选了与PmHNK 连锁的5个微卫星标记,在遗传图谱上的顺序为Xbarc77、Xgwm547、Xwmc326、Xgwm299、PmHNK、Xgwm108,Xgwm299和Xgwm108分别为PmHNK两侧距离最近的标记,图距分别为4.2 cM、5.6 cM,最远标记Xbarc77与PmHNK图距为10.6 cM,并将PmHNK 定位于3BL。【结论】抗病鉴定、遗传分析结合分子标记分析结果表明,PmHNK是一个白粉病抗病新基因。     

小麦体细胞杂种山融3号耐盐相关SSR标记的筛选和初步定位

 【目的】寻找并定位与小麦耐盐性有关的SSR标记。【方法】选取耐盐性强的体细胞杂交新品种山融3号为试验材料。以山融3号为母本，盐敏感的常规品种济南17为父本，配制杂交组合（01组合）。利用SSR-BSA（bulked segregant analysis）方法对01组合F2代分离群体苗期耐盐性进行鉴定，并结合小麦SSR图谱分析，标记其耐盐相关位点。【结果】通过遗传分析和χ2检验表明：01组合中的耐盐性状可能由一个主效基因控制。应用SSR标记技术，筛选到了与山融3号耐盐性状连锁的SSR标记Xgwm304。【结论】SSR标记Xgwm304位点与主效耐盐基因间的遗传距离为24.41 cM，该主效耐盐基因定位于5A染色体的短臂上。     

A SSR Marker for Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Lr19 in Wheat

Microsatellite was carded out in Thatcher, six near-isogenic lines and F2 progeny of TcLr19xThatcher to develop molecular markers for leaf rust resistance gene Lr19. Thirteen primer pairs were screened, of which one primer pair Xgwm44 displayed polymorphsim in the population of TcLr 19, Thatcher, and their F2 generations. One marker closed linked to Lr19 resistance trait was obtained, and was named Xgwm44139bp with the genetic distance 0.9 cM. The research shows that Lr19 has more potential in marker-assisted breeding programs in wheat and provides a step stone for mapping genetic map, physical map and the eventual cloning.     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Tagging a Novel Yellow Rust Resistance Gene Derived from Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Germplasm M08

Yellow rust of wheat （caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.） has been periodically epidemic and severely damaged wheat production in China. The development of resistant cultivars could be an effective way to reduce yield losses of wheat caused by yellow rust. Rust reaction tests and genetic analysis indicated that M08, the synthetic hexaploid wheat derived from hybridization between Triticum durum （2n = 6X = 28; genome AABB） and Aegilops tauschii （2n = 2X = 14; genome DD）, showed resistance to current prevailing yellow rust races at seedling stage, which was controlled by a single dominant gene, designated as YrAm. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify microsatellite markers linked to gene YrAm in an F2 population derived from cross M08 （resistant） × Jinan 17 （susceptible）. Three microsatellite marker loci Xgwm77, Xgwm285, and Xgwml31 located on chromosome 3B were mapped to the YrAm locus. Xgwml31 was the closest marker locus and showed a linkage distance of 7.8 cM to the resistance locus. Thus, it is assumed that YrAm for resistance to yellow rust may be derived from Triticum durum and is located on the long arm of chromosome 3B.     

小麦蛋白磷酸酶2A结构亚基基因TaPP2Aa的功能标记作图

 【目的】开发小麦抗旱相关蛋白磷酸酶结构亚基基因TaPP2Aa的功能标记并作图,为分子标记辅助选择抗逆育种提供依据。【方法】测序得到普通小麦及其野生近缘种TaPP2Aa的基因序列,分析其SNP位点差异,设计3对基因组特异引物和6对基因组内等位基因特异引物,利用中国春缺四体对TaPP2Aa进行染色体定位,利用RIL群体（Opata 85×W7984）和DH群体（旱选10号×鲁麦14）进行该基因的功能标记作图。【结果】TaPP2Aa定位于小麦第5同源染色体群上;TaPP2Aa-B位于RIL群体5B的标记区间Xwg909—Xgwm67,与2个标记的遗传距离分别为4.0 cM和3.6 cM,在DH群体5B染色体的标记区间Xgwm234—WMC363,与WMC363的遗传距离为7.5 cM;在2个遗传群体中与标记Xgwm67的距离分别为3.6 cM和11.4 cM。TaPP2Aa-D位于RIL群体染色体5D的标记区间Xcmwg770—Xbarc205,遗传距离分别为9.8 cM和10.0 cM。【结论】确定了TaPP2Aa所在的染色体位置,通过与DH和RIL 2个遗传作图群体中已有的抗逆主效QTL进行对比分析,明确了TaPP2Aa与小麦抗逆性状QTL具有遗传连锁关系,开发的功能标记可用于小麦抗逆性状的分子标记辅助选择。     

Inheritance of Late Maturity α-amylase （LMA） in a Recombinant Inbreed Lines of Chuanmai 42 Crossed with Chuannong 16

[Objective] To study the inheritance and possible molecular marker of α-LMA and their relations to falling number. [Method] Recombined inbreed lines (RILS) of Chuanmai 42 (LMA genotype) crossed with Chuannong 16 (no LMA) were employed to test the late maturity α-amylase (LMA) by EL ISA kits,the Falling Number (FN),and three QTL,SSR markers (Xgwm 577,Xwmc276,Xwmc273) of LMA gene. [Result] Results suggested that LMA was controlled by a single,and the three SSR markers seemed to be not efficient to test LMA gene in this RILS. LMA was an important factor on FN,meanwhile FN was also affected by other factors. [Conclusion] The study could provide references for the breed of quality wheat.