樟子松苗圃中杂草防除效果研究

33%施田补乳油、48%氟乐灵乳油、24%果尔乳油和50%扑草净可湿性粉剂都对樟子松苗圃中的杂草有防除效果。48%氟乐灵乳油是樟子松苗圃中的首选土壤处理除草剂,建议使用浓度为2 000-2 500 ml/hm2;24%果尔乳油对樟子松苗圃中的阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草防除效果都很好。在禾本科杂草发生严重的地块,应使用33%施田补乳油,建议使用浓度为2 000-2 500 ml/hm2;在阔叶草发生严重的地块,可以使用50%扑草净可湿性粉剂,浓度为1 200-2 000 g/hm2。     

金都尔防除花生田杂草试验研究

进行了有效成分为异丙甲草胺的96%金都尔乳油、90%禾耐斯乳油（乙草胺）和50%丁草胺乳油的防除花生田杂草的对比试验,结果表明,96%金都尔乳油防除花生田杂草以1 275、900 ml/hm^2防除效果最好,明显高于其他处理,对花生生长无不良影响,安全系数高,可以作为丁草胺、乙草胺的替代除草剂在田间推广应用。     

环己烯酮类除草剂防除冬油菜田禾本科杂草的药效试验

14%收乐通乳油在杂草对药剂产生严重抗性的地区使用，具有安全和防除效果较好的特点。每公顷用收乐通450～675 ml，防除效果显著优于10%普净乳油900 ml/hm2和4%喷特乳油1 200 ml/hm2等其他除草剂。     

90%禾耐斯乳油防除花生田杂草试验

用90%禾耐斯乳油对花生田杂草进行防除,结果表明:花生播种后出苗前用禾耐斯乳油防除花生田杂草有较好的防除效果,用量450~600 ml/hm2为宜。用药45 d后对单子叶杂草的防除效果81.9%~86.7%,鲜重防效80.3%~86.3%;对双子叶杂草的防除效果68.1%~73.3%,鲜重防效66.6%~72.2%,防除效果均优于50%乙草胺乳油,对花生安全。     

冀西北马铃薯田间杂草化学防治研究

[目的]寻找控制冀西北地区马铃薯田间杂草的有效化学防除方法。[方法]在经48%氟乐灵乳油和50%乙草胺乳油处理过的马铃薯田间使用15%精稳杀得乳油和24%果尔乳油进行除草试验。[结果]研究结果表明,50%乙草胺乳油在播前进行土壤处理比48%氟乐灵乳油具有不影响出苗率的优点,效果更好;播种前用50%乙草胺乳油2 625 ml/hm2处理过的土壤,苗期用24%果尔乳油300、450ml/hm2可以很好地防治田间杂草。在冀西北地区马铃薯生产中使用化学除草可以节省成本1 050～1 080元/hm2。[结论]播种前药剂处理土壤结合苗期化学防治是控制冀西北地区马铃薯田间杂草的有效途径。     

胡麻田间杂草防除药剂筛选研究

[目的]筛选对胡麻田间杂草具有较好防除效果的药剂。[方法]测定了不同剂量的40%立清乳油、56%2甲4氯钠可湿性粉剂、8.8%精喹禾灵乳油3种除草剂对胡麻田间杂草的防除效果。[结果]用40%立清600～900 ml/hm2,对水675 kg/hm2,在胡麻苗高约10cm时喷雾,对阔叶杂草防除效果达90%以上,保产效果在70%以上。[结论]为宁南山区胡麻田杂草的有效控制提供了参考。     

丘陵红壤旱地不同除草剂对花生田杂草的防治效果研究

[目的]筛选适合丘陵红壤旱地花生田使用的高效、安全性除草剂。[方法]通过小区试验比较了96%金都尔乳油、90%乙草胺乳油和50%乙草胺乳油3种芽前除草剂对花生田杂草的防除效果。[结果]前期喷施芽前除草剂金都尔和乙草胺,后期喷施相同剂量的芽后除草剂5%精喹禾灵(900 ml/hm2)和48%灭草松(3 000 ml/hm2)混和液,3种处理相比清水对照处理对花生田杂草防效显著。[结论]从田间杂草防除效果及对花生安全性和产量的影响等综合因素来看,使用96%金都尔乳油900 ml/hm2处理对杂草防除效果最好。     

几种除草剂土壤处理对红花檵木的安全性和除草效果试验

移栽前每667m2用33%施田补乳油、33%丰光乳油120～150 ml;24%惠尔乳油、24%果尔乳油60～100ml作土壤处理,对红花檵木小苗生长无不良影响.除草效果以丰光120ml与施田补120ml处理最好,药后30 d总草防效分别为94.3%与93.3%.惠尔及果尔因对繁缕防效基本无效而影响了总草防效.     

水稻旱育苗床杂草种群及化除技术研究

略述水稻肥床旱育苗床发生的 2 6种杂草及主要种群 ,研究了 2 0 %丁恶乳油等 3种化学除草剂对水稻肥床旱育苗床杂草防除效果及对水稻的安全性 ,提出了用 2 0 %丁恶乳油 13 5 0～ 2 2 5 0ml/hm2 防除水稻肥床旱育苗床杂草的最佳使用技术及生产实践中需要注意的问题     

两种除草剂对甘薯田杂草防效研究

用90%乙草胺乳油和24%乙氧氟草醚乳油除草剂进行甘薯田杂草防效和产量比较试验。小区面积20 m2,3次重复。设乙草胺50 ml/667m2、100 ml/667m2、200 ml/667m2、300 ml/667m2、乙氧氟草醚50 ml/667m2、100 ml/667m2、150 ml/667m2、空白对照等8个处理。结果表明:90%乙草胺乳油最适宜施用药量为200 ml/667m2,24%乙氧氟草醚乳油最适宜施用药量为100 ml/667m2,可有效防除甘薯田禾本科的狗尾草、马唐和部分阔叶杂草,最高防效可达90%以上,甘薯产量比对照分别提高了25.3%和28.1%,增产效果明显。     

黑龙江省农田多年生杂草日趋严重的原因及新型防除技术研究概述

概述了黑龙江省农田多年生杂草逐渐成为农田杂草群落优势种类的主要原因,分析了其难防除的生物学机理,在此基础上提出了新的防除方法设想,并探讨了多年生杂草在越冬休眠进程中体内一些物质的变化规律。     

Management of insect pests and weeds

The Cuban government has undertaken the task of transforming insect pest and weed management from conventional to organic and more sustainable approaches on a nationwide basis. This paper addresses past programs and current major areas of research and implementation as well as provides examples of programs in insect and weed management. Topics covered include the newly constructed network of Centers for the Reproduction of Entomophages and Entomopathogens (CREEs), which provide the infrastructure for the implementation of biological control on state, cooperative, and private farm operations. CREE programs include the mass rearing and release of Trichogramma spp. to manage insect pests of cassava, tobacco, sugarcane, and improved pasture. The entomopathogens, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, are being mass produced in the CREEs and applied to control a number of key insect pests. A traditional method employed by peasant farmers of using the predatory ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) in the biological control of sweetpotato and banana insect pests has been further developed and implemented. Efforts are underway to rear nematode species that attack insect pests and identify plant extracts with insecticidal qualities as potential management tools. Weed management has moved away from dependence on herbicides and toward alternative techniques that include weed suppression based on rotation schemes, limited use of selective herbicides, and new tillage equipment and practices.Jeff Dlott is presently a lecturer and research specialist in the Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management at the University of California, Berkeley. His research interests are in participatory research on biological control of insect pests with farmer organizations in California, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico.     

Protection of millet crops against weeds

It is shown that millet crops in growing regions are infested with a wide range of dicotyledonous weed species in various combinations. The biologically most acceptable herbicides of the available set registered for the crop are Elant EC, Magnum WG, and Dicopur Top SL. Improvement of the assortment assumes the use of combined herbicides with a broadened spectrum of active ingredients.     

Harmfulness of weeds in spring barley crops

In multifactor field experiments a close correlation is found between yield losses of two barley varieties (two-row Acha and six-row Sobolek) and air-dry biomass of weeds per unit area and proportion of their participation in total phytomass of the plant community in the crop tillering stage. The economic threshold of harmfulness 5% of the weed assemblage is calculated for both varieties. The possibility of weed control at a safe level by sowing the crop early is shown.     

果园杂草的栽培学分类研究

提出了控制草害与杂草保护相结合的果园“杂草管理”观念,并针对果树生产和果园杂草的危害特点,将我国常见的300种果园杂草丛栽培学角度分为无害杂草、轻度危害杂草和重度危害杂草3类,为对果园杂草进行科学管理提供了分类依据。     

耐草甘膦杂草控制技术研究

柑桔园行间定向喷雾试验结果表明,在41%农达AS中加入70%苯嘧磺草胺WG和助剂Dash不仅能有效控制乌蔹莓、铁苋菜、假一年蓬、加拿大一枝黄花等多种耐草甘膦阔叶杂草的危害,控制多年生杂草的再生,而且作用速度可与20%克无踪AS相当,对柑桔生长安全.从高效、经济、安全的角度综合考虑,三者混用的适宜剂量为41%农达AS 1 000～1 500 g ai/hm2+70%苯嘧磺草胺WG 12.5～25.0 g ai/hm2+助剂Dash(喷液量的1%).     

杭州市草坪杂草调查初报

１９９９～２０００年调查,杭州市草坪杂草有７４种,分属２４科,严重危害的杂草为香附子、马唐和天胡荽等１０余种。     

杂草计算机识别系统的研制

系统包括杂草鉴定、杂草信息、系统维护等模块,用户采用“人机对话式鉴定”模式,系统给出鉴定结果并列出其性状描述以及彩色图像,供用户对照确认。采用Visual FoxPro 6．0编程,利用可视与面向对象编程技术得到良好的界面．系统操作简便,调试和维护方便。