升温、灌溉和施氮对冬小麦产量的影响

以扬麦11为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,在小麦全生育期内利用玻璃温室模拟气温升高2~3℃,以大气温度为对照,同时设置2个水分水平,即正常灌溉(按照高产田的常规管理,每次灌水量为6L)和减半灌溉(较正常灌溉的灌水次数减半,即间隔灌溉),和3个施氮水平(208、416和624kg/hm~2),研究温度、水分和施氮3个因素对冬小麦生长和产量形成的影响。结果表明,升温增加了冬小麦株高,降低了地上生物量(包括秸秆生物量和籽实产量)和根系生物量,降低了小麦单穗籽粒数、千粒重和无效分蘖数。其中,在正常灌溉处理下,升温导致208、416和624kg/hm~2施氮处理的籽实产量下降了21%、7%和29%,秸秆产量降低了28%、28%和34%,而在减半水分处理下,升温导致小麦籽实产量和秸秆产量下降的幅度相对较小。416kg/hm~2施氮量的籽实产量和穗粒数下降幅度最小,温度与水分和氮肥之间的互作对籽实产量有显著的影响,适度施氮肥能够有效缓解升温引起的小麦产量下降幅度。     

Fertilizer Nitrogen Use by Spring Triticale and Spring Wheat on Dark-Chestnut Soil of the Dry Steppe Zone of Kazakhstan

In an experiment with the use of a stable isotope of nitrogen ¹⁵N, the impact of fertilizers on grain yield of spring wheat and spring triticale on the dark chestnut soil in the dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan was estimated. The maximum yield of spring wheat grain was obtained when introducing N₆₀ before sowing and that of spring triticale (2.2 times higher) when introducing N₆₀ in equal parts before sowing and during tillering. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of both the crops is more efficient compared to phosphate fertilizers. Both the crops used 30% of the introduced doses of fertilizer nitrogen for yield formation; 32% was fixed in the soil under spring wheat, 34% under spring triticale, and gaseous losses of nitrogen fertilizer were 38% and 36%, respectively. The maximum use of nitrogen fertilizer on yield formation (41–42%) is typical of both the crops when introducing N₃₀ before sowing both against the background with and without phosphorus. As a result of better nitrogen use by plants, its gaseous losses fell to 15–26%. It is noted that, both in case of P₀ and P₆₀, levels of fertilizer nitrogen use decreased almost twofold, from 41–42 to 23–28%, when the nitrogen fertilizer dose was doubled. Fractional introduction of N₆₀ by equal parts before sowing and during tillering hardly affected the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used by plants of both the crops for yield formation. The use of N₃₀ during tillering compared to a similar dose before sowing reduced the factor of fertilizer use by plants.     

氮锌配施对冬小麦氮利用、产量及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

以豫农202为材料,在大田条件下,研究氮锌配施对冬小麦不同生育时期氮吸收的影响,并探讨氮锌配施对冬小麦氮素利用率、产量以及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果显示:氮锌配施能够促进冬小麦对氮素的吸收,与单施氮肥相比,氮锌配施的冬小麦在开花期、灌浆期吸收的氮素较高,成熟期小麦茎杆氮素含量较低而籽粒含氮量较高.氮锌配施能显著提高冬小麦氮素利用效率,施氮90、180和270 kg/hm2分别配施锌肥15和30 kg/hm2,与单施等量氮肥相比,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素农学利用率分别提高4.8％～14.4％、1.4～9.8 kg/kg和0.6～6.4 kg/kg.氮锌配施比单施同量氮肥增产8.6％、10.5％ (N90),5.9％、14.6％ (N180)和5.9％、5.3％(N270),其中施氮180 kg/hm2配施锌肥30 kg/hm2的产量最高,显著高于其他处理.氮锌配施比单施同量氮肥提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,分别提高了8.3％、9.8％ (N90),11.4％、2.3％(N180)和6.9％、5.7％ (N270),其中N180Zn15的籽粒蛋白质含量最高,显著高于其他处理.N180Zn30在实现高产的同时可以显著提高氮肥利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素农学利用率,是比较好的氮锌配施组合.     

优化氮肥配置提高冬小麦-夏玉米贮墒旱作栽培水氮利用效率

为探明与冬小麦-夏玉米周年贮墒旱作节水栽培模式相配套的氮肥高效施用技术,基于贮墒旱作栽培(冬小麦和夏玉米灌底墒水或出苗水,生育期内不灌水),在全年施氮量360 kg/hm2下开展了前后茬作物施氮量配比不同的大田试验.试验设置4种施氮处理,分别为冬小麦120 kg/hm2+夏玉米240 kg/hm2(W0N1);冬小麦1...     

秸秆还田条件下不同氮肥用量对冬小麦产量及氮肥利用效率的影响

为了明确高产优质小麦‘烟农999’的适宜氮肥施用量。以高产优质冬小麦‘烟农999’为材料,研究了秸秆还田和非秸秆还田条件下不同氮肥施用量对冬小麦的产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明：‘烟农999’籽粒产量各处理大小顺序为：N₂₄₀>N₃₀₀>N₁₈₀>N₁₂₀>N_s180>N_ck,生物产量表现的规律性与籽粒产量基本一致。秸秆还田可以显著提高籽粒产量和生物产量以及产量三因素。适宜的施氮量范围为180~240 kg/hm²时,氮肥的农学利用效率较高,说明施用氮肥的增产效果较好。2个品种相比较,‘烟农999’生物产量、经济产量均高于‘济麦22’,分别提高5.1%,4.0%。‘烟农999’氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率均高于‘济麦22’,分别提高4.18%、28.8%。     

氮磷钾用量及配比对小麦产量、蛋白质含量和肥料利用率的影响

选用高产小麦泰山23号,在中等土壤肥力条件下,研究了氮磷钾施用量对小麦干物质积累量、籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量及氮肥和磷肥农学利用率的影响。结果表明,同一施磷钾水平条件下,施氮量(N)在0~240 kg/hm2范围内,随施氮量的增加小麦干物质积累量、产量、蛋白质含量、磷肥农学利用率提高,而氮肥农学利用率下降;同一施氮钾水平条件下,施磷量(P2O5)在0~210 kg/hm2范围内,随施磷量的增加干物质积累量、产量、氮肥农学利用率提高,而磷肥农学利用率除不施氮条件下随施磷量增加升高外,其他处理随施磷量的增加而降低;籽粒蛋白质含量先增后减。综合考虑小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、肥料利用率,每公顷施用N 180 kg,P2O5105 kg,K2O 105 kg为最优氮磷钾组合,其配比为1.7∶1∶1。     

腐熟秸秆还田替代部分化肥对冬小麦生长、产量和氮素利用的影响

为冬小麦减量施用化肥,秸秆资源利用提供理论依据,开展了等氮条件下腐熟秸秆替代化肥对冬小麦生长、产量及氮素利用影响的研究。试验设置了等氮条件下不同比例腐熟秸秆替代化肥:腐熟秸秆替代20%(CR20)、50%(CR50)、80%(CR80)和100%(CR100)化肥,以常规施用化肥(CK)作对照,共5个处理。结果表明,与CK相比,CR20对冬小麦的生长、产量及氮素利用影响不显著。CR50、CR80和CR100的株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素a、总叶绿素、生物量、氮素吸收效率、植株氮素利用率和氮素积累量显著低于CK,产量分别比CK减少15.4%、21.9%和23.8%。结论表明腐熟秸秆替代化肥比例宜控制在50%以下。     

施用硅肥对田间春小麦花后源库关系的影响

以两个黑龙江春小麦品种即龙麦26（不耐密）和克旱16（耐密）为材,在田间机播条件下进行不同硅肥用量基施试验,通过测定不同生育期的光合性能、籽粒灌浆速率及产量构成因素,以探明基施硅肥对春小麦源库特性及产量的影响。结果表明,基施硅肥可协调小麦源库关系,使小麦源足、库大。两个春小麦品种施入硅肥后穗长和小穗数增加,千粒重未达到显著水平,硅肥提高了不耐密品种的穗粒数和穗粒重,增加了耐密品种的穗数。不耐密品种龙麦26、耐密品种克旱16的最优硅肥施用量分别为30 kg·hm^-2、60 kg·hm^-2,过多施入硅肥反倒有不利影响。     

不同有机养分替代化肥对小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤肥力的影响

为探究有机肥种类和替代比例对小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤肥力的影响,通过田间小区试验,设置不施肥（CK）,常规施肥（CN）,优化减量施肥（ON）,优化减量配施15%(ONL-15%)、30%(ONL-30%)和50%(ONL-50%)沼液氮,优化减量配施30%堆肥氮（ONC-30%）,优化减量配施30%商品有机肥氮（ONS-30%）共8个处理。结果表明：与CN处理相比,ON、ONL-15%和ONL-30%处理均显著增加小麦籽粒产量和氮肥利用率,其中ONL-15%处理小麦产量最高,较CN和ON处理分别增产16.18%和14.08%,该处理下氮肥利用率也由CN处理的18.41%增至36.46%,表明优化减量配施15%沼液氮肥为减氮配施沼液最佳比例。在30%替代比例下,不同种类有机肥配施对小麦增产效果存在差异,与ON处理相比,沼液配施增加小麦产量和氮肥利用率,而堆肥和商品有机肥配施显著降低小麦产量。堆肥配施可以促进土壤全氮、水解性氮和有效磷的积累,商品有机肥配施对缓解土壤酸化、增加土壤有机质含量具有较好效果。有机无机配施处理减少32.60%～65.91%硝态氮在耕层土壤的残留,增加土壤有效氮含...     

施氮、锌对镉污染小麦产量及籽粒锌、镉含量的影响

为了明确氮、锌、镉处理及其互作对小麦产量和籽粒锌、镉含量的影响,本研究设置盆栽裂区试验,以扬麦25为供试材料,主区氮处理设常氮(1.6 g·盆^-1)和减氮(0.8 g·盆^-1),裂区锌、镉处理设对照、锌处理(150 mg·kg^-1)、镉处理(5 mg·kg^-1)和锌+镉处理,测定小麦产量性状,籽粒不同组分(面粉、次粉和麸皮)氮、锌、镉含量以及籽粒锌、镉有效富集系数。结果表明：与常氮相比,减氮处理使小麦籽粒产量显著降低,这主要与产量构成因子、生物产量和收获指数均显著下降有关;减氮条件下小麦成熟籽粒氮含量(不同组分10%～15%)、镉含量(12%～16%)以及镉有效富集系数亦显著降低。与不施锌相比,土壤施锌对籽粒产量和氮含量均无显著影响,但使籽粒锌含量大幅增加(14%～30%),使镉含量(18%～28%)以及锌、镉有效富集系数均显著下降。土壤镉处理对籽粒产量和氮含量均无显著影响,使籽粒镉含量(38～42倍)以及锌、镉有效富集系数均显著增加,而使锌含量显著下降(3%～12%)。籽粒组分及其与镉、锌处理的互...     

施肥方式对小麦生长、产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响

采用田间小区试验的方法,研究了5种施肥方式(处理1:1/2尿素播种前撒施旋耕,1/2尿素返青拔节期追施旋耕;处理2:全部尿素播种前撒施旋耕;处理3:全部控释氮肥播种前撒施旋耕;处理4:全部控释氮肥播种前在种子正下方条施;处理5:全部控释氮肥播种前在种子侧下方条施)对小麦生长、产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明,各处理间小麦株高、穗粒数和千粒质量差异不显著,基本苗数和冬前最大分蘖数以处理2最高,春季最大分蘖数以处理1、3、5较高,3个处理间差异不显著。处理1、3、4、5的小麦生物量较高,处理间差异不显著,但均显著高于处理2。小麦产量受穗数影响最大,处理1、3、5的产量较高,分别为9 139、9 097、8 930 kg/hm~2,三者差异不显著;处理2产量最低,为8 407 kg/hm~2,显著低于其余4个处理。氮肥偏生产力各处理间变化趋势与产量一致,处理1、3、5较高,彼此间无显著差异,处理2最低。处理3、4、5在拔节期和孕穗期0~90 cm土层硝态氮含量与施用尿素的处理1、2差异相对较小(60~90 cm孕穗期差异相对稍大),在小麦收获后硝态氮含量相对较高。总体上,控释氮肥一次性撒施旋耕和条施于种子侧下方的施肥方式效果较好,既能保证小麦稳产,又能使土壤保持较高的硝态氮含量,从而减轻面源污染的风险。     

氮肥施用期对春小麦氮素利用和蛋白质产量的效应

春小麦生育期间植株各器官土壤氮与肥料氮变化趋势基本一致。各器官吸收总氮量中,土壤氮约为肥料氮的2～3倍,肥料氮对土壤有激发效应。肥料利用率随氮肥施用期的后移和施用量的增加而逐渐提高。氮肥不同施用期对提高籽粒蛋白质含量有极显著效应(F=31.3>F_(0.01)=4.22),籽粒蛋白质含量随氮肥施用期推迟而显著增加;对籽粒蛋白质产量的效应则差异不显著。生育前期施氮有利于籽粒产量形成,开花期叶面喷施氮肥显著提高籽粒蛋白质含量。     

小麦、毛苕和豌豆对磷肥的反应

试验表明,无论是豆科还是禾本科作物,其籽粒增产量和生物学产量与磷肥用量呈极显著的正相关。小麦对磷肥反应比所谓“喜磷”的豆科作物并不逊色,每公斤P_2O_5可增产小麦生物学产量38.9kg/亩,比豆科作物高出56.3％～84.1％;可增产籽粒19.6kg/亩,比豆科作物高62.7％～108.1％;由于施用磷肥,小麦籽粒的增产量比豆科作物的干物质增产量还高7％～13％.单位面积上小麦吸收的总磷量比毛苕和豌豆分别高出38％和55％,从肥料中吸取的磷素比豌豆略高,而低于毛苕。磷肥利用率也是如此。整体看来,小麦对磷肥的反应比豆科作物的毛苕、豌豆更敏感。     

Efficacy of Biopreparations for Spring Wheat in the European Part of Russia against Different Backgrounds of Mineral Nutrition

The results of 26 field and microfield experiments using associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria biopreparations are generalized and analyzed. The efficiency of its use has been determined for spring wheat that is cultivated against different mineral nutrition backgrounds in the main soil types in the European part of Russia. It has been established that the inoculation of spring wheat seeds with the Rhizoagrin biopreparation combined with the PK fertilizer increases the grain yield by 23% on chernozem soils, by 14% on gray forest soils, and by 13–18% on sod-podzolic soils. The use of diazotroph biopreparation increases the coefficient of utilization of nitrogen from mineral fertilizers by 1.6 times on chernozem soils and by 1.2 times on sodpodzolic soils. In addition, the profitability of fertilizer nitrogen using seed inoculation increases by 2.2 and 1.1–1.4 times, respectively. Associative nitrogen fixation leads to the accumulation of 8–10 kg N/ha per year in sod-podzolic loamy soils and 12 kg N/ha per year in chernozem soils under spring wheat.     

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and ratios of base and topdressing on wheat yield, soil nitrate content and nitrogen balance

Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important measures that increases grain yield and improves grain quality in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Presently, there is a large number of investigations (experiments) in the field on different nitrogen fertilizer application regimes. However, there still exists a serious problem of low nitrogen use efficiency, especially in winter wheat high yield conditions: unsuitable nitrogen fertilizer, which often leads to lower yield and large accumulation of nitrate in the soil, bringing a potential risk to the environment. In order to explore the optimal regime of nitrogen fertilizer application suitable for environment and economy, a field experiment on the different rate and ratio of base and topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer at the different growth periods of winter wheat was conducted. The field experiment was undertaken from the fall of 2003 to the summer of 2004 in the village of Zhongcun in Longkou city, in the Shandong Province of China. The field experiment with three repeats for each treatment was designed in a split-plot. The major plot was applied with urea at a nitrogen fertilizer rate of three levels, namely, 0 kg·hm⁻² (CK), 168 kg·hm⁻² (A), and 240 kg·hm⁻² (B). In the sub-plot, the ratios of base and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the different development periods of wheat were 1/2:1/2 (A1 and B1), 1/3:2/3 (A2 and B2) and 0:1 (A3 and B3). Treatment B1 was under a regime used now in the local region. It was found that the amount of N accumulation in plants had no significant difference between treatments applied with nitrogen fertilizer. The grain yield and grain protein content were all elevated remarkably by applying nitrogen fertilizer compared with those of treatment CK. There was no significant difference in the grain yield and grain protein content between A2 and B2 and B3. However, when compared with those of B2 and B3, in A2 there was an increase in nitrogen use efficiency and residual soil NO₃ ⁻-N and N losses were reduced. Under the condition of the same rate of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing topdressing nitrogen rate clearly elevated the grain yield, grain protein content and nitrogen use efficiency. The results indicated that the residual soil NO₃ ⁻-N in A1 and B1 accumulated higher than that of CK in 80–160 cm soil layers at the jointing stage, but that of A2 had no significant difference compared with that of CK in 0–200 cm soil layers. At the maturity stage, more residual soil NO₃ ⁻-N was detected in B2, B3 and A3 than that in CK in 120–180 cm soil layers, which could not be absorbed by the roots of wheat, but led to be eluviated easily. The amount of soil NO₃ ⁻-N accumulation in treatment A2 had no significant difference compared with that of treatment CK in the 100–200 cm soil layer. In conclusion, A2, whose nitrogen fertilizer rate was 168 kg·hm⁻² and the ratio of base and topdressing was 1/3:2/3, had a higher grain yield and grain protein content, and heightened N use efficiency and minimized the risk of NO₃ ⁻-N leaching. This should be one of the most appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application regimes in wheat production in local regions in China. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(11): 3661–3669 [译自: 生态学报]     

西北半干旱地区有机无机肥配施对春小麦养分吸收及产量构成的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了不同施肥对春小麦籽粒、秸杆和根系养分的吸收状况及产量的影响.结果表明,与对照(CK)相比,科学合理施肥不但在一定程度上增加了春小麦N、P、K养分含量,而且大幅度的增加了春小麦的产量,以化肥氮磷钾(NPK)处理的效果最为显著,其氮、磷、钾素的总吸收量分别增加了156.9%、94.4%和112.8%,氮、磷、钾的养分收获指数最大分别是0.730、0.778和0.130.增施化肥及有机肥均能促进春小麦产量的增加,增产幅度为32.8%～214.2%,其中氮肥的增产效果最为明显,以化肥氮磷钾(NPK)配施处理最优,在促进作物氮、磷、钾养分浓度的提高及产量的增加效果上最为明显.     

宁夏引黄灌区春小麦氮磷钾需求及化肥减施潜力

【目的】明确宁夏引黄灌区春小麦氮、磷、钾肥的施用现状及需求情况,为合理施肥和科学减施化肥提供理论依据。【方法】通过农户调查和田间小区试验,分析宁夏引黄灌区春小麦产量水平及氮、磷、钾肥施用情况,阐明不同氮、磷、钾水平对春小麦产量构成及氮、磷、钾养分需求的影响。【结果】农户调查结果表明,宁夏引黄灌区春小麦产量平均为（6 985±867）kg·hm ^-2,偏高产及高产农户比例达82.7%;随着产量水平提高,氮、磷肥施用量和过量施肥量均呈降低趋势,钾肥施用量总体不足。平均来看,氮、磷、钾施用量分别为294、162和49 kg·hm ^-2;97.1%的农户氮肥投入过量,过量施氮量为69—114 kg·hm ^-2;20.5%的农户磷肥投入过量,过量施磷量为18—42 kg·hm ^-2;钾肥投入总体不足,比推荐施钾量少30—51 kg·hm ^-2。氮肥试验结果表明,当施氮量在120—240 kg·hm ^-2时,地上部生物量、籽粒产量、收获指数、穗粒数均显著增加,并在施氮量180 kg·hm ^-2时达到最高,此时籽粒吸氮量、吸磷量和吸钾量亦达到最大,分别为168.2、23.9和23.2 kg·hm ^-2;随施氮量增加,氮收获指数无显著变化,平均值为56.5%,磷收获指数呈增加趋势,钾收获指数表现为下降趋势。施氮180 kg·hm ^-2时,春小麦氮素需求量达45.8 kg·Mg ^-1,比对照增加19.6%;磷需求量从不施氮的6.0 kg·Mg ^-1显著降到高量施用氮肥（240 kg·hm ^-2）的5.3 kg·Mg ^-1,而钾需求量则从42.6 kg·Mg ^-1增加到49.7 kg·Mg ^-1。磷肥试验结果显示,施用磷肥时春小麦千粒重和收获指数明显增加,但地上部生物量和穗粒数均明显降低,因此籽粒产量无明显差异,平均为5 446 kg·hm ^-2。施用磷肥可显著提高籽粒吸氮量、氮素收获指数和氮素需求量,平均值分别为141.6 kg·hm ^-2、54.5%和25.9 kg·Mg ^-1,分别比不施磷肥提高28.6%、27.9%、26.2%;施用磷肥亦可促进磷素向籽粒转移并提高磷收获指数,籽粒吸磷量和磷收获指数分别比不施磷肥提高15.9%和15.2%,磷需求量呈增加趋势,但未达显著水平。 钾需求量随施磷量增加显著降低,从不施磷的68.1 kg·Mg ^-1降到施磷120 kg·hm ^-2的49.7 kg·Mg ^-1。钾肥试验结果发现,施钾量对生物量,籽粒产量,收获指数,每公顷穗数,籽粒氮、磷、钾含量均无显著影响,但高量施钾（75 kg·hm ^-2）可显著减少穗粒数,增加千粒重和氮、磷、钾收获指数,穗粒数比对照下降9.1%,千粒重比对照增加7.6%,氮、磷、钾收获指数分别可达57.2%、73.5%、7.3%。施钾60 kg·hm ^-2时,氮、磷、钾需求量均达最高,分别为55.3、5.5、57.6 kg·Mg ^-1,而高量施钾（75 kg·hm ^-2）时,氮和钾需求量显著降低20.6%和13.7%。可见适量施钾可提高氮、钾需求量,而高量施钾则降低氮、钾需求量。【结论】减少氮肥、调控磷肥、适当增加钾肥依然是宁夏引黄灌区春小麦化肥结构调整的主要方向。春小麦氮需求量为38.3—57.2 kg·Mg ^-1,在适量施用氮、磷、钾肥时可显著增加;磷需求量为5.1—6.0 kg·Mg ^-1,随氮肥用量增加而降低,对磷、钾肥无显著响应;钾需求量为42.6—68.1 kg·Mg ^-1,随施氮量增加呈升高趋势,随施磷量增加呈降低趋势,在高量施钾时显著降低。推荐氮肥适宜用量为120—180 kg·hm ^-2,比农户平均施氮量减少25%—60%;磷肥用量在48—96 kg·hm ^-2时,更有利于稳定春小麦产量并促进氮、磷向籽粒的转移,比农户平均用量减少40.7%—70.3%;钾肥用量在0—60 kg·hm ^-2时可稳产增质,在现有施肥水平上适量增加即可。     

喷施硒、锌肥对不同品种春小麦产量及硒吸收积累特性的影响

[目的]优选青海省富硒区对硒素吸收积累能力较强的春小麦品种.[方法]经验采用裂区设计,设6个处理,1:品种青春38,不施肥;2:青春38,喷施Zn肥;3:青春38,喷施Se肥;4:品种阿波,不施肥;5:阿波,喷施Zn肥;6:阿波,喷施Se肥,Zn肥用量为210 g/ha(Zn),Se肥用量为3626 mg/ha(Sc),研究硒锌肥外源性喷施对品种青春38、阿波春小麦产量及硒吸收积累特性的影响.[结果]与对照比较,青春38喷施Zn肥处理产量的增幅最高,为21.66%,其次为品种阿波喷Se肥处理,增幅为20.19%;施用Zn肥处理,青春38籽粒的Se浓度增幅为50.70%,阿波增幅为61.73%;施用Se肥处理品种青春38籽粒的Se浓度增幅为81.69%,品种阿波增幅为90.12%.相同肥源处理下阿波籽粒中Se吸收累积量均高于青春38.收获后不同器官中Se浓度大小为:根>叶>籽粒>茎,Se吸收累积量大小为:籽粒>茎>叶>根.[结论]施用Se肥和Zn肥均可促进不用品种春小麦产量的提高,品种阿波对Se吸收累积能力高于青春38,可在青海富硒地区推广种植.     

肥料运筹和覆膜对小麦营养特征及产量品质的影响

以优质小麦贵农18号为材料,设计不同的施肥处理,研究分析了肥料对覆膜小麦生理特性及产量品质的影响.结果表明:肥料对覆膜小麦植株氮、磷、钾素和籽粒产量、品质有着重要的影响,在中等施肥条件下,随着肥料用量的增加,覆膜小麦植株氮、磷、钾素含量都随之增加,处理间产量差异显著;相同施肥用量前提下,前氮后移喷施能提高小麦的籽粒产量高达10.4%,植株氮、磷、钾素含量差异达到显著水平.在本试验条件下,磷钾肥施用量分别为P2O5 135 kg·hm-2、K2O 135 kg·hm-2,氮肥施肥量为N 270 kg·hm-2,且于前期一次性施肥是实现覆膜小麦超高产的,有效措施.     

滴灌春麦水肥一体化肥效试验研究

[目的]研究春麦在滴灌条件下的水肥利用情况,为滴灌春麦科学施肥提供技术支撑.[方法]通过大田试验,采用“3414”试验方案研究随水施肥对肥料利用率及小麦经济、生物产量的影响.[结果]滴灌春麦至开花期对氮、磷、钾肥吸收量已达全生育期的78.1;、82.14;和84.9;;施用等量氮、磷、钾肥(N240P52.5K375),滴灌施肥较常规施肥氮、钾利用率分别提高了4.7;和3.2;,但磷素差异不大.单一肥料氮肥的作用最大,其次是磷肥;随施氮量的增加,小麦产量得到提高,但过多施入氮肥产量反而下降;氮肥农学效率和偏生产力则随氮肥增加呈递减趋势.[结论]春麦采用水肥滴灌模式可提高肥料利用率并增加小麦产量.