氮锌配施对冬小麦氮利用、产量及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

以豫农202为材料,在大田条件下,研究氮锌配施对冬小麦不同生育时期氮吸收的影响,并探讨氮锌配施对冬小麦氮素利用率、产量以及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果显示:氮锌配施能够促进冬小麦对氮素的吸收,与单施氮肥相比,氮锌配施的冬小麦在开花期、灌浆期吸收的氮素较高,成熟期小麦茎杆氮素含量较低而籽粒含氮量较高.氮锌配施能显著提高冬小麦氮素利用效率,施氮90、180和270 kg/hm2分别配施锌肥15和30 kg/hm2,与单施等量氮肥相比,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素农学利用率分别提高4.8％～14.4％、1.4～9.8 kg/kg和0.6～6.4 kg/kg.氮锌配施比单施同量氮肥增产8.6％、10.5％ (N90),5.9％、14.6％ (N180)和5.9％、5.3％(N270),其中施氮180 kg/hm2配施锌肥30 kg/hm2的产量最高,显著高于其他处理.氮锌配施比单施同量氮肥提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,分别提高了8.3％、9.8％ (N90),11.4％、2.3％(N180)和6.9％、5.7％ (N270),其中N180Zn15的籽粒蛋白质含量最高,显著高于其他处理.N180Zn30在实现高产的同时可以显著提高氮肥利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素农学利用率,是比较好的氮锌配施组合.

Effect of combined application of Zn and N fertilizers onnitrogen use, grain yield and protein contentin winter wheat

Nitrogen and Zinc are important micronutrients for plant growth and development.However,they may pose negative impact on environment if overused.Nitrogen and Zinc may have interaction.Zinc deficiency is relatively universal on farm field in Northern China and especially in winter wheat growing regions.Thus application of zinc fertilizer is crucial for yield improvement.As long as the improvement of the nitrogen use efficiency is concern concerned,more and more studies were focused on the effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilizer on wheat growth and development.But there is rare report on combined application of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers on yield.The current study aimed to improve nitrogen and zinc use efficiency and their effect on grain yield and grain protein content of winter wheat.A wheat cultivar,Yumai 202,was used in the study by a two-factor randomized block design with 3 replicates.There were four levels for nitrogen fertilizer(N):0,90,180 and 270 kg/hm²,and three levels for zinc fertilizer(ZnSO₄·7H₂O):0,15 and 30 kg/hm².Compared with single nitrogen use,mixed application of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers can improve nitrogen efficiency in winter wheat during flowering and grain filling period.When the application of single nitrogen fertilizer 90,180,270 kg/hm² was compared with the combined application of zinc fertilizer 15,30 kg/hm²,the latter could improve 4.8%-14.4% in NRE,1.4-9.8 kg/kg of NUE and 0.6~6.4 kg/kg of NAE respectively.Both the grain and grain protein yield could increase after combined application.The grain yield were highest when mixed 180 kg/hm² nitrogen with 30 kg/hm² zinc,and higher grain protein was obtained at combined level of 180 kg/hm² nitrogen and 15 kg/hm² zinc.The results show that the combined application of nitrogen and zinc could promote the nitrogen use efficiency, increase wheat yield and improve the grain quality.