玉米穗部性状QTL定位

利用SSR分子标记构建的遗传连锁图谱对玉米的穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、轴粗、秃尖长、 200粒质量和穗粒质量等8个性状进行了基因定位. 穗长检测到2个QTLs, 分布于Ch1-1、 Ch9连锁群; 穗粗检测到7个QTLs, 分布于Ch1、 Ch1-1、 Ch2、 Ch4、 Ch4-1、 Ch6、 Ch7连锁群; 穗行数检测到6个QTLs, 分布于Ch1、 Ch2、 Ch5、 Ch6、 Ch9、 Ch10连锁群; 行粒数检测到1个QTL, 位于Ch9连锁群; 轴粗检测到6个QTLs, 分布于Ch1、 Ch4、 Ch5、 Ch6、 Ch7、 Ch10连锁群; 200粒质量检测到2个QTLs, 分布于Ch7、 Ch8连锁群; 穗粒质量检测到3个QTLs, 分布于Ch5、 Ch6、 Ch9连锁群. 研究表明, 穗部性状QTLs在玉米10条染色体上分布不均匀, 呈现成簇分布现象; 各个QTL位点上起增、减效作用的等位基因在高值亲本和低值亲本中的分布不均匀.     

玉米穗部性状QTL定位

利用SSR分子标记构建的遗传连锁图谱对玉米的穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、轴粗、秃尖长、200粒质量和穗粒质量等8个性状进行了基因定位.穗长检测到2个QTLs,分布于Ch1-1、Ch9连锁群;穗粗检测到7个QTLs,分布于Ch1、Ch1-1、Ch2、Ch4、Ch4-1、Ch6、Ch7连锁群;穗行数检测到6个QTLs,分布于Ch1、Ch2、Ch5、Ch6、Ch9、Ch10连锁群;行粒数检测到1个QTL,位于Ch9连锁群;轴粗检测到6个QTLs,分布于Ch1、Ch4、Ch5、Ch6、Ch7、Ch10连锁群;200粒质量检测到2个QTLs,分布于Ch7、Ch8连锁群;穗粒质量检测到3个QTLs,分布于Ch5、Ch6、Ch9连锁群.研究表明,穗部性状QTLs在玉米10条染色体上分布不均匀,呈现成簇分布现象;各个QTL位点上起增、减效作用的等位基因在高值亲本和低值亲本中的分布不均匀.     

基于SNP标记的玉米雄穗主要性状QTL定位分析

【目的】雄穗性状是玉米生长发育过程中重要的农艺性状,对其遗传特性的研究具有重要的理论意义。【方法】本研究以Z58×Y915构建的192个F_(2:3)家系作为作图群体,结合2个环境下的表型鉴定,运用复合区间作图法(CIM)对玉米雄穗长(TL)、雄穗分枝数(TBN)和雄穗重(TW)等雄穗性状进行QTL定位分析。【结果】2个环境条件下,共检测到15个与TL性状连锁的QTL位点,分别位于第1、3、4、5、6、7、8号染色体上,可解释表型变异的0.66%～22.58%;在染色体bin值1.09、3.09位置,2个环境中均稳定检测到与TL连锁的QTL位点;共检测到12个与TBN性状连锁的QTL位点,分别位于第1、2、3、5、6、7、9号染色体上,可解释表型变异的3.05%～23.80%;在染色体bin值2.08、3.09位置,2个环境中均稳定检测到与TBN连锁的QTL位点;共检测到9个与TW性状连锁的QTL位点,分别位于第1、3、4、6、7、9号染色体上,可解释表型变异的4.52%～27.55%,在染色体bin值3.09、9.05位置,2个环境中均稳定检测到与TW连锁的位点。【结论】在不同环境下能够稳定存在的QTL位点可为玉米雄穗主要性状进一步遗传研究提供理论基础。     

水稻剑叶角度与主穗产量的遗传剖析

理想水稻株型的选育与高产育种密切相关,而剑叶角度则是构成水稻理想株型的重要指标之一,同时也是影响水稻产量的重要因素.合理开发利用水稻中控制剑叶角度及产量相关的数量性状基因座位(QTL),并结合分子育种技术,可更好地为高产制繁种目标服务.通过应用由244个株系组成的珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系(RIL)群体,构建含256个分子标记的连锁图谱,采用QTL区间作图法对剑叶角度及主穗产量等5个性状进行定位分析,共检测到17个QTL,分布于染色体1、2、3、5、6、9、10、11.这些QTL对相应性状的贡献率介于3.46～25.64%之间.在第1染色体上检测到控制5个性状的QTL,其中控制剑叶角度的两个QTL;在第2、3、9、10、11染色体上分别检测到各一个QTL;第5染色体上检测到控制剑叶、每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数的3个QTL;1个每穗实粒数和2个每穗实粒重的OTL分布于第6染色体上.多个区间表现出对两个性状的显著作用,其中第1染色体2个,第6染色体1个.相关性分析表明,较小的剑叶角度可通过提高结实率进而显著增加产量.     

高产粳稻沈农265产量相关性状的QTL分析

利用沈农265/丽江新团黑谷的176个F2 3家系群体构建包含90个SSR标记的连锁图谱,并对穗长、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度、结实率、有效穗数和千粒重等7个产量相关性状进行QTL分析。结果表明,共检测到15个控制产量性状的QTL,分布在第3、4、6、8、9以及第12染色体上。包括3个控制穗长的QTL;3个控制每穗颖花数的QTL;1个控制每穗实粒数的QTL;2个控制着粒密度的QTL;2个控制结实率的QTL;3个控制千粒重的QTL以及1个控制有效穗数的QTL。其中,主效QTL有4个,分别是qPL9,qSPP4-1,qSD9和qRG12。这些QTL将为水稻分子设计育种提供"元件",同时为阐明水稻产量相关性状分子机制提供基础信息。     

小麦品种偃展1号与品系早穗30重组自交系群体遗传连锁图谱构建及重要农艺性状的QTL分析

【目的】构建重组自交系(recombinant inbred line,RIL)群体及其遗传连锁图谱,对小麦重要农艺性状进行数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)分析,为发现小麦新基因与分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。【方法】配制普通小麦品种(系)早穗30和偃展1号的杂交组合,通过一粒传的方法培育重组自交系群体;利用SSR(simple sequence repeat)标记、DarT(diversity arrays technology)标记、ISBP(insertion site-basedpolymorphism)标记以及抽穗期和株高的功能标记绘制其遗传连锁图谱并通过复合区间作图法(Compositeinterval mapping,CIM)对多个环境下的抽穗期、株高、千粒重、穗粒数、每穗小穗数、穗长等农艺性状进行QTL定位分析。【结果】培育出由219个F7家系组成的重组自交系群体;构建了含481个分子标记的遗传连锁图谱;检测出分布在12条染色体上的26个与重要农艺性状相关的QTL,其中9个QTL能够在至少2个环境下重复;研究还发现了3个QTL聚集的"QTL簇",其中4D染色体上的矮秆基因Rht2所在区段控制株高与千粒重,5D染色体上的Vrn-D1-WMS212区间控制抽穗期、穗粒数与每穗小穗数,7B染色体上wPt4230-wPt4814区段控制抽穗期、穗粒数、株高与穗长。【结论】构建的小麦遗传作图群体可成功地用于重要农艺性状分析;矮秆基因Rht2与春化基因Vrn-D12个发育相关基因均与多个重要农艺性状有关;在7B上可能存在与发育相关的重要新基因。     

控制水稻穗伸出度和株高的数量性状基因定位

水稻穗伸出度和株高是影响杂交水稻制种产量的重要农艺性状。本研究利用越光/Kasalath//越光杂交回交产生的重组自交系群体（backcross recombinant inbred lines,BILs）对穗伸出度与其相关株高数量性状基因位点（QTL）进行检测和遗传效应分析。结果表明,对穗伸出度的检测中,共检测到4个QTL（qPE-1,qPE-2,qPE-3-1和qPE-3-2）,分别位于水稻的第1,2,3（2个QTL）染色体上,其贡献率为6.62%～17.16%,其中位于第3染色体上的qPE-3-2的贡献率为最大（17.16%）,来自越光的等位基因能增长穗伸出度1.61cm;对株高性状的检测中,检测到QTL共有3个（qPH-1,qPH-6和qPH-12）,分别位于第1、6和12染色体上,分别能解释28.53%,15.30%和5.01%的株高变异。有趣的是除了qPE-1位点,其他3个与穗伸出度相关的QTLs将不会影响水稻株高的生长。本研究中检测到QTLs的两侧的连锁分子标记可用于分子育种培育穗伸出度和株高兼顾型的水稻品种。     

温室黄瓜产量相关农艺性状QTLs的定位

【目的】秋冬茬和冬春茬是目前中国日光温室黄瓜栽培的两种重要茬口,对两茬黄瓜产量相关性状的QTLs进行定位,为温室黄瓜产量分子标记辅助选择的研究提供理论依据。【方法】选用欧洲8号×秋棚自交系的113份黄瓜重组自交系(RILs)群体作为试验材料,并利用该群体已经构建的包含182个标记的分子连锁图谱对与产量相关的9个性状进行QTL分析。【结果】共检测到58个QTLs,其中与单株平均产量相关的QTL1个,定位于LG4连锁群上;控制黄瓜日增重量的QTL位点6个,分别位于LG2、LG3、LG6连锁群上;控制平均单瓜重的QTL位点5个,分别位于LG1和LG5连锁群上;控制坐瓜数的QTLs2个,位于LG2和LG4连锁群上;控制化瓜率的QTL1个,位于LG7连锁群上;控制第一雌花节位的QTLs28个,在1-8个连锁群上都有分布;控制总叶片数的QTLs8个,分别位于LG2、LG7和LG4连锁群上;控制叶面积的QTLs2个,分别位于LG1和LG3连锁群上。以上产量相关性状的QTLs仅在一个茬口中被检测到。控制雌花总数的QTLs5个,全部位于LG2连锁群上,其中ffa2a、ffa2b是两个茬口共有的QTLs,并且其遗传效应方向一致。研究还发现若干QTL富集区域和成束分布的QTLs。【结论】本项研究共检测到温室黄瓜与产量相关的9个性状的58个QTLs,其中ffa2a、ffa2b在两个栽培环境中表达稳定。     

玉米雄穗主要性状QTL定位分析

研究以RA×M5P构建而成的包含205个家系的RIL群体为作图群体,结合2个环境下的表型鉴定,运用复合区间作图法(CIM)对玉米雄穗长(TL)、雄穗分枝数(TBN)和雄穗重(TW)等雄穗性状进行QTL定位分析。结果表明,2个环境条件下,共检测到3个与TL性状连锁的QTL位点,分别位于第3、5、8号染色体上,可解释表型变异的5.19%~5.97%;共检测到5个与TBN性状连锁的QTL位点,分别位于第1、2、3、9号染色体上,可解释表型变异的3.66%~8.41%,在染色体bin值1.04、9.03位置,2个环境中均稳定检测到与TBN连锁的QTL位点;共检测到3个与TW性状连锁的QTL位点,分别位于第4、8号染色体上,可解释表型变异的4.39%~13.65%,在染色体bin值4.04~4.06、4.08位置,2个环境中均稳定检测到与TW连锁的QTL位点。这些不同环境条件下稳定检测到的雄穗性状QTL位点可以为进一步的遗传研究提供理论基础。     

水稻穗颈维管束及产量相关性状的QTL分析

采用2个偏粳品种“光三”／C418的重组自交系群体，构建SSR标记的连锁图谱，并以此对水稻穗颈维管束数和产量相关性状进行了QTL(Quantitative Trait Loci)分析。在第1，5，8和11染色体上检测到4个控制穗颈大维管束数的QTL。在第5，9和10染色体上检测到3个控制穗颈小维管束数的QTL；共检测到产量及8个与产量相关性状的30个QTL。通过分析穗颈维管束数与穗一、二次枝梗数，穗一、二次枝梗粒数，穗粒数，结实率，单株产量QTL在染色体上的分布及连锁关系，表明穗颈维管束是影响产量的重要解剖结构；通过增加穗颈大、小维管束数可望增加水稻“库”的容量。保证“流”的畅通。     

粳稻幼苗前期耐碱性的QTL检测

以粳粳交优质高产的东农425/长白10号F2:3代180个家系为作图群体,在25 mmol·L-1NaHCO3溶液碱环境胁迫下,对水稻进行耐碱性鉴定,并依据SSR标记构建的分子连锁图谱,对水稻幼苗前期的根数、根长和叶绿素含量及其相对碱害率进行数量性状基因座(QTLs)的检测。结果表明,在F2 3株系群中,水稻的根数、根长和叶绿素含量及其相对碱害率均呈单峰连续的正态分布。共检测到在碱胁迫下与水稻幼苗前期根数、根长、叶绿素含量及其相对碱害率相关的16个QTLs,分别位于第1、3、6、7、8、9、10、11和12染色体上。其中与根数相关的QTL 3个;与根数相对碱害率相关的QTL 1个;与根长相关的QTL 2个,与根长相对碱害率相关的QTL 2个;与叶绿素含量相关的QTL 2个;与叶绿素含量相对碱害率相关的QTL 6个。研究结果可作为水稻耐碱性QTL精细定位和分子辅助选择育种的理论基础和科学依据。     

Detection of QTLs for Important Agronomic Traits and Analysis of Their Stabilities Using SSSLs in Rice

Single segment substitution lines （SSSLs） each with a single chromosome segment from a donor under the same genetic background as the recipient were developed in rice by advanced backcrossing and molecular marker-assisted selection. Using the SSSLs, the QTLs for the important agronomic traits in rice would be detected under different environmental conditions. Detection of the QTLs controlling 22 important traits in rice was done with 32 SSSLs by the randomized block design in 2-4 cropping seasons. 59 QTLs were detected and distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11, of which 18 QTLs were detected more than twice. Only 30.5% of the QTLs were detected repeatedly in different cropping seasons. Most of the QTLs of important agronomic traits were of little additive effects and instability. The QTLs controlling the traits, such as grain weight, grain length, ratio of grain length to width, and heading date were relatively stable. The stable QTLs usually had larger additive effects and were less affected by environment. The QTLs for the important agronomic traits were detected using the SSSLs in rice with high resolution under different environmental conditions. The instability of the QTLs may be the basis of the variation of rice plants during growth and development. It would be the genetic basis for improving yield and quality in rice cultivars by farming methods.     

QTL Analysis of Major Agronomic Traits in Soybean

Soybean is a main crop, and most agronomic traits of soybean are quantitative; therefore, there is vely important studying and applying value to locating these traits. A F2：10 RIL population containing 154 lines, derived from the cross between Charleston as female and Dongnong 594 as male parent, were used in this experiment. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 164 SSR primers, which were screened with the two parents and amplified on the 154 lines. 12 agronomic traits different between the two parents were investigated, and QTLs of all the traits were analyzed using the software Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0. The agronomic traits included quality traits： protein content, oil content, and content of protein and oil; yield traits： pods per plant, seed weight per plant, and 100 seeds weight; and other agronomic traits： plant height, days to maturity, branches, nod number in main stem, average leaf length, and average leaf width. The results showed that 68 QTLs in total were found for the 12 agronomic traits. The number of QTLs per trait varied from 3 for the average leaf width to 11 for 100 seeds weight and plant height, and was 5.8 on average. Good accordance was seen in many QTLs between the results of this study and the results obtained by other similar studies; therefore, these QTLs may be valuable for molecular marker assistant selection in soybean. In this study, 68 major QTLs of 12 important traits of soybean were analyzed.     

大豆主要农艺性状的QTL分析

【目的】大豆的多数农艺性状均为重要的数量性状。对大豆的数量性状进行基因定具有重要的研究和应用价值。【方法】以美国半矮秆大豆品种Charleston为母本，东北农业大学高蛋白大豆品系东农594为父本及其F2:10代重组自交系的154个株系为实验材料。164个SSR引物经亲本筛选后用于群体扩增，并构建遗传图谱。对亲本间表现多态的12个农艺性状进行了调查及QTL分析。【结果】农艺性状包括品质性状（蛋白质含量、油分含量、蛋脂总量等）；产量性状（单株荚数、单株粒重、百粒重等）和其它农艺性状（株高、生育期、分枝数、主茎节数、平均叶长、平均叶宽等）。结果表明，12个农艺性状共检出68个QTLs。每个性状的QTLs检出个数从平均叶宽的3个到百粒重、株高等的8个，平均每个性状检测出5.8个。与国内外对应农艺性状QTL检测结果相比，多个性状的QTL位点均一致，说明QTL检测准确率较高，可以进一步用于分子辅助育种。【结论】获得了大豆12个重要农艺性状的68个主效QTLs。     

大豆形态性状的QTL分析

大豆的多数农艺性状均为重要的数量性状,对大豆的数量性状进行基因定位具有重要的研究和应用价值.以美国半矮秆大豆品种Charleston为母本,东北农业大学高蛋白大豆品系东农594为父本及其F2:14代重组自交系的154个株系为试验材料.164个SSR引物经亲本筛选后用于群体扩增,并构建遗传图谱.对亲本间表现多态的8个农艺性状进行了调查及QTL分析.结果表明,9个农艺性状共检出25个QTLs,每个性状的QTLs检出个数1～10个不等,平均每个性状检测出3.1个.与国内外对应农艺性状QTL检测结果相比,多个性状的QTL位点均一致,说明QT检测准确率较高,可以进一步用于分子辅助育种.     

QTL Detection and Epistasis Analysis for Heading Date Using Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Heading date of rice is a key agronomic trait determining cultivated areas and seasons and affecting yield. In the present study, five primary single segment substitution lines with the same genetic background were used to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for heading date in rice. Two QTLs, q HD3 and q HD6 on the short arm of chromosome 3 and the short arm of chromosome 6, respectively, were identified under natural long-day(NLD). Nineteen secondary single segment substitution lines(SSSLs) and seven double segments pyramiding lines were designed to map the two QTLs and to evaluate their epistatic interaction between them. By overlapping mapping, q HD3 was mapped in a 791-kb interval between SSR markers RM3894 and RM569 and q HD6 in a 1 125-kb interval between RM587 and RM225. Results revealed the existence of epistatic interaction between q HD3 and q HD6 under natural long-day(NLD). It was also found that q HD3 and q HD6 had significant effects on plant height and yield traits, indicating that both of the QTLs have pleiotropic effects.     

籼稻不同定位群体的抽穗期和株高QTL比较研究

 【目的】通过分析控制不同定位群体水稻抽穗期、株高和产量性状表现的QTL,挖掘同时控制株高与产量性状且对抽穗期影响小的QTL区间,为水稻高产育种提供参考。【方法】以杂交稻恢复系密阳46作为共同父本,分别与保持系协青早B和珍汕97B配组,构建2个籼籼交重组自交系群体,在同一地点多年种植,对不同群体抽穗期和株高相关的QTL定位结果进行比较。【结果】共定位到12个抽穗期QTL和11个株高QTL,其中2个抽穗期QTL在2个群体中都能检测到,分别位于第6染色体短臂和第7染色体长臂近着丝粒区域。通过与前期相同群体产量性状QTL定位结果比较,发现6个多效性区间,其中,1个同时控制抽穗期、株高和产量性状,3个同时控制抽穗期和产量性状,2个同时控制株高和产量性状。【结论】相对于共同的父本密阳46,水稻矮败型保持系协青早B与野败型保持系珍汕97B对抽穗期和株高的遗传控制存在较大差异,并以株高更为明显。第2染色体长臂RM6—RM240的QTL作用较稳定,对株高和产量性状作用方向一致,且对抽穗期无显著影响,对于通过“矮中求高”实现水稻高产育种具有重要的应用价值。     

Dissection of QTLs for Yield Traits on the Short Arm of Rice Chromosome 6

This study was undertaken to dissect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） controlling yield traits on the short arm of rice chromosome 6. A residual heterozygous line that carries a heterozygous segment extending from RM587 to RM19784 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 was selected from an F7 population of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. An F2：3 population consisting of 221 lines was derived and grown in two trial sites. Six yield traits including number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, total number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant were measured. An SSR marker linkage map was constructed and employed to determine QTLs for yield traits with Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5. QTLs were detected in the target interval for all the traits analyzed except NP, with phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL ranging between 6.3% and 35.2%. Most of the QTLs for yield components acted as additive QTLs, while the three QTLs for grain yield had dominance degrees of 1.65, 0.84, and -0.42, respectively. It was indicated that three or more QTLs for yield traits were located in the target region. The genetic action mode, the direction of the QTL effect, and the magnitude of the QTL effect varied among different QTLs for a given trait, and among QTLs for different traits that were located in the same interval.     

Comparison and analysis of QTLs for grain and hull thickness related traits in two recombinant inbred line(RIL) populations in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Grain traits are major constraints in rice production, which are key factors in determining grain yield and market values. This study used two recombinant inbred line(RIL) populations, RIL-JJ(japonica/japonica) and RIL-IJ(indica/japonica) derived from the two crosses Shennong 265/Lijiangxintuanheigu(SN265/LTH) and Shennong 265/Luhui 99(SN265/LH99). Sixty-eight quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with 10 grain traits were consistently detected on the 12 chromosomes across different populations and two environments. Although 61.75% of the QTLs clustered together across two populations, only 16.17% could be detected across two populations. Eight major QTLs were detected on the 9, 10 and 12 chromosomes in RIL-JJ under two environments, a novel QTL clustered on the 10 chromosome, q GT10, q BT10 and q TGW10, have a higher percentage of explained phenotypic variation(PVE) and additive effect; 15 major QTLs were detected on the 5, 8, 9, and 11 chromosomes in RIL-IJ under two environments, a novel clustered QTL, q GT8 and q TGW8, on the 8 chromosome have a higher additive effect. Finally, the analysis of major QTL-BSA mapping narrowed the q TGW10 to a 1.47-Mb region flanked by simple sequence repeat markers RM467 and RM6368 on chromosome 10. A comparison of QTLs for grain traits in two different genetic backgrounds recombinant inbred line populations confirmed that genetic background had a significant impact on grain traits. The identified QTLs were stable across different populations and various environments, and 29.42% of QTLs controlling grain traits were reliably detected in different environments. Fewer QTLs were detected for brown rice traits than for paddy rice traits, 7 and 17 QTLs for brown rice out of 25 and 43 QTLs under RIL-JJ and RILIJ populations, respectively. The identification of genes constituting the QTLs will help to further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying grain shape.     

水、旱稻氮高效QTL定位及其表达的遗传背景效应研究

【目的】挖掘不同来源水、旱稻亲本的氮高效优良等位变异,研究氮高效QTL表达的遗传背景效应,为水稻氮高效QTL的精细定位和分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论依据。【方法】以旱稻IAPAR-9分别与水稻辽盐241和秋光杂交而创制的2个F7粳粳交重组自交系群体为试验材料,进行了水稻全生育期氮素利用率及其相关性状的QTL定位分析。【结果】在"IAPAR-9/辽盐241"重组自交系群体中检测出31个氮素利用率相关性状的QTL,分布于除第6、第7和第10染色体外的9条染色体上,氮素利用率相关QTL成簇分布区间有9个;在"IAPAR-9/秋光"重组自交系群体中检测出33个氮素利用率相关性状的QTL,分布于除第4和第10染色体外的10条染色体上,氮素利用率相关QTL成簇分布区间有7个。【结论】氮素利用率相关性状QTL的表达,受遗传背景影响较大。2个群体均检测到的氮素利用率相关性状QTL的成簇分布区间,即第2染色体上的RM3421—RM5404区间以及第8染色体上RM8264所在的相邻区间,可能对水稻氮高效分子标记辅助选择育种有重要利用价值。