不同培养基成分对铁皮石斛组织培养的影响

以铁皮石斛无菌苗的茎段作为外植体,讨论MS培养基中添加不同浓度的激素对铁皮石斛的诱导、增殖、分化以及生根的影响。结果表明：最适合铁皮石斛原球茎诱导的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 1.5 mg/L,原球茎诱导率为95%;最适合原球茎增殖的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 1 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L;最适合原球茎分化的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 5 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L,其分化率达80%;最适合铁皮石斛根诱导的培养基为MS+IBA 1.5 mg/L+香蕉泥100 g/L,其生根率为100%。     

文心兰茎尖组织培养的研究

文心兰茎尖离体培养研究表明:文心兰茎尖在MS 6-BA 3 mg/L Ad 2.5～3.5 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L培养基上培养45 d后,茎尖分化出芽的同时也形成较多的原球茎;原球茎在MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L Ad 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上增殖速度最快,生物量增殖系数可达8.871 3;来自不同增殖培养基上增殖的原球茎在相同的分化培养基上培养时,接种后15 d观察,不同来源的原球茎分化率不同, 30 d后的分化率仍存在一定的差异;分化的文心兰幼苗在1/2MS NAA 0.2 mg/L生根效果最好.     

壳聚糖对水环境镉致罗非鱼急性毒性影响的研究

为研究壳聚糖对水环境镉致罗非鱼急性毒性的影响,将540尾罗非鱼随机分为2个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复90尾。对照组按照水生生物急性毒性试验方法进行镉对罗非鱼的急性毒性试验;试验组加入等量壳聚糖,同法进行镉对罗非鱼的急性毒性试验。结果为：对照组24h LC50为20.51mg/L,试验组24h LC50为33.96mg/L,两组间差异极显著（P＜0.01）;对照组48h LC50为9.00mg/L,试验组48h LC50为18.59mg/L,两组间差异显著（P＜0.05）。说明壳聚糖可以在一定程度上缓解镉对罗非鱼的毒性。     

影响甜樱桃离体小叶片再生的关键因子研究

适当提高蔗糖浓度能明显改善甜樱桃试管苗的状态，在F14培养基蔗糖浓度由原来2%增加到6%，增殖倍数由1~2增加到25~30，叶片由黄绿无光变为浓绿油亮，保持天数由原来的15d增加到70d。经过4步骤程序培养可以获得小叶片再生，即：①将普通继代试管苗接入F14（附加6-BA0.5mg/L+IBA0.05mg/L+GA30.2mg/L+蔗糖6%+琼脂7.0g/L，pH5.8）继代培养30d，获得小叶型高分化试管苗。②剪取并且横切2~3刀后将小叶片，先在0.1%VC无菌水中浸泡1到30min，然后接入MS或F14或WPM（附加6-BA2mg/L+2，4-D2mg/L+蔗糖4%+琼脂7.0g/L，pH5.8）进行光照培养3~4d，获得剪切口组织脱分化的小叶片。③转接1/2大量元素的WPM培养基（附加6-BA2mg/L+IAA2mg/L+蔗糖4%+琼脂7.0g/L，pH5.8）及在环境控制（15h/24h日光周期变化,光照2000lux，温度20℃；黑暗，温度15℃）下培养20~30d，得到诱导出红色愈伤组织（含有花色苷）的小叶片。④转接F14培养基（附加6-BA0.5mg/L+IBA0.05mg/L+GA32mg/L+蔗糖6%+琼脂7.0g/L，pH5.8）培养20d后得到由红色愈伤组织中萌发出不定芽，同时颜色变淡。小叶片再生不定芽率可达91%。     

朝鲜百合鳞茎诱导及再生体系建立

野生百合种类稀少,个别种类是中国特有,植物离体快速繁殖是保护稀少濒危百合种的有效方法,本研究为了探究一种朝鲜百合快速繁殖的方法。本研究以野生百合朝鲜为试材,以MS培养基为基础培养基,附加不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节物质（6-BA,NAA）诱导丛生芽及再生植株。以朝鲜百合的鳞茎为外植体,确定鳞茎的最佳消毒时间、影响鳞茎芽诱导的最佳激素组合以及不同激素对鳞茎芽增殖的影响。结果表明：最佳灭菌时间为0.1% HgCl消毒10 min;由于内源激素比例不同,鳞茎诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;最佳继代培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.15 mg/L。     

加拿大紫荆‘森林火焰’组培快繁技术研究

以紫叶加拿大紫荆（Cercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’）当年生嫩枝为试验材料,探讨不同培养基和植物生长调节剂如6-BA、IBA、NAA、TDZ对试管苗增殖以及生根的影响。结果表明：最适增殖培养基为DKW+TDZ 0.03 mg/L+PVP 0.5 mg/L;生根培养基为1/2 MS + IBA 25 mg/L+AC 0.6 mg/L。此体系中增殖系数可达4.27,生根率73.3%。     

‘菱花湛露’牡丹鳞芽组织培养技术研究

为实现牡丹的工厂化育苗提供理论的依据,建立牡丹品种‘菱花湛露’的组培快繁体系,以‘菱花湛露’的鳞芽为外植体,以MS、改良MS、WPM、改良WPM为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的6-BA、NAA等植物生长调节剂,经试验对比筛选出‘菱花湛露’的最佳增殖培养基为改良WPM+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+GA3 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖 25 g/L+琼脂6 g/L+AgNO3 10 mg/L,增殖系数可达3.7;生根培养基为1/2改良WPM+IBA 10 mg/L+蔗糖35 g/L+AgNO3 10 mg/L+活性炭（0.1%）时,生根率为47.9%。     

GA3对乌饭树种子发芽特性的影响

乌饭树作为蓝莓嫁接的优良砧木,自然条件下种子发芽率很低。为探究赤霉酸(GA3)对乌饭树种子发芽的影响,本研究设置九种不同浓度GA3和蒸馏水（对照组）浸种处理24 h, 25℃恒温培养24 d。结果表明：第12~18 d为种子发芽高峰期,第16~24 d,各GA3处理组的发芽率均高于对照组,第24 d 时800 mg/L GA3处理组的发芽率最高,达81.33%,比对照组提高了33个百分点,100~600 mg/L GA3处理的种子发芽率次之,为73.33%~76.17%,而50和1000 mg/L GA3处理组的发芽率稍低,分别为63.83%和67.33%。另外,100~800 mg/L GA3处理的发芽势和发芽指数均高于对照组,以800 mg/L GA3处理组最明显。可见,800 mg/L GA3浸种处理24 h对促进乌饭树种子发芽的效果最显著,此方法可在乌饭树种子繁殖实践中借鉴应用。     

锥花福禄考叶片愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

以锥花福禄考的叶片为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化增殖及生根培养,确定了锥花福禄考快繁体系的最适培养条件：（1）初代培养基：MS+BA0.4 mg/L +NAA1.5 mg/L;（2）丛生芽增殖培养基：MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L+GA31.5mg/L;（3）生根培养基：1/2MS+ +NAA0.1mg/L。     

霍山石斛试管丛生芽增殖影响因素的探讨

为了更好地保护霍山石斛野生资源,变野生为家种。本试验以霍山石斛试管丛生芽为试验材料,采用3因素3水平L9（33）正交设计方案,考察BA、NAA、KT不同激素及浓度对霍山石斛试管丛生芽继代增殖的影响。试验结果表明：植物激素BA、NAA、KT对霍山石斛试管丛生芽的增殖均有一定影响,其中NAA及KT的影响更为明显,并通过SAS软件统计分析确定三种植物激素的最佳浓度配比分别为：BA 1.5 mg/L,NAA 1.0 mg/L,KT 1.0 mg/L,即霍山石斛试管丛生芽继代增殖的最佳培养基配方为：MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L+食糖30.0 g/L+琼脂 8.0 g/L。     

Reaction Kinetics of Three Types of Constructed Wetland for Advanced Domestic Wastewater Treatment

The removal efficiencies of different pollutants in subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFW), surface flow constructed wetland (SFW) and combination flow constructed wetland(CFW) treating sewage plant effluent were comparatively analysed. The results were analyzed by using a reaction kinetics model. It is shown that COD, TN, TP are more effectively removed in SSFW than in other two types of wetland, and the kinetic constants are 0.29, 0.20, 0.28 m/d respectively. The SFW has higher removal rate on ammonia and the kinetic constant is 0.12 m/d. Temperature change greatly affects the kinetic constants of ammonia and total nitrogen removal reaction, whilst the influence on COD and TP are not significant. The pollutants removal efficiencies decrease greatly with the increase of hydraulic loading and areal loading. The increment of areal removal mass is reduced with the increase of areal loading in three types of wetland. It is strongly recommended that the constructed wetland be operated on low pollutants loading condition.     

地衣芽孢杆菌产β-甘露聚糖酶分批发酵动力学模型的建立

为研究其菌体生长、产物合成以及底物消耗情况,本文以分离自亚麻温水沤麻液的β-甘露聚糖酶高产菌株地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)HDYM-04为供试菌株。以初始魔芋粉加入量2 %、接种量6.7 %、初始pH值 8.0、培养温度37 ℃、搅拌速率300 r/min、通气量3 L/min、发酵周期30 h为基础发酵条件进行5L发酵罐发酵。并基于Logistic方程和Luedeking-Piret等方程建立了该菌株的菌体生长、产物生成、底物消耗三个分批发酵动力学模型,其相关系数分别为0.99021、0.98908、0.98812,均达到0.988以上,这些模型能真实描述菌体发酵过程中菌体生长、酶的合成以及底物消耗的情况。该试验为菌株HDYM-04的工业化应用奠定了理论基础并提供了实践指导,为小试数据的放大提供了重要参考。     

Cr（Ⅵ）在合成沸石上的吸附/脱附行为研究

为深入研究沸石对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附和脱附机理,利用合成沸石对水溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ)进行了吸附和脱附实验。实验结果表明：pH值对合成沸石吸附Cr(Ⅵ)影响较大,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率随pH值与初始浓度的增加而减小,但吸附量却随初始质量浓度的增加而增加;Freundlich比Langmuir模型更适合描述其吸附行为,且其属于易吸附。在最优条件下,合成沸石在25.0、50.0和100.0 mg?L-l三种质量浓度下对Cr(Ⅵ)的平衡吸附量分别为3.58mg?g-l,6.76 mg?g-l和8.08 mg?g-l;准二级反应动力学模型比准一级能更好地描述合成沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为,准二级动力学拟合得到的吸附量与实测吸附量相差小于5.8%,吸附传质过程主要受液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散的共同控制其吸附速率。在蒸馏水中Cr(Ⅵ)的E%仅为2.57%,而添加NaOH后脱附率明显增加,同时Cr(Ⅵ)在合成沸石上的脱附符合准二级反应动力学。, 为深入研究沸石对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附和脱附机理,利用合成沸石对水溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ)进行了吸附和脱附实验。实验结果表明：pH值对合成沸石吸附Cr(Ⅵ)影响较大,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率随pH值与初始浓度的增加而减小,但吸附量却随初始质量浓度的增加而增加;Freundlich比Langmuir模型更适合描述其吸附行为,且其属于易吸附。在最优条件下,合成沸石在25.0、50.0和100.0 mg?L-l三种质量浓度下对Cr(Ⅵ)的平衡吸附量分别为3.58mg?g-l,6.76 mg?g-l和8.08 mg?g-l;准二级反应动力学模型比准一级能更好地描述合成沸石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为,准二级动力学拟合得到的吸附量与实测吸附量相差小于5.8%,吸附传质过程主要受液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散的共同控制其吸附速率。在蒸馏水中Cr(Ⅵ)的E%仅为2.57%,而添加NaOH后脱附率明显增加,同时Cr(Ⅵ)在合成沸石上的脱附符合准二级反应动力学。     

Analysis of Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption Process in Coping with Sudden Pollution of Chlorobenzene in Raw Water

Bench experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal of chlorobenzene in raw water by conventional water treatment process. And a batch system was applied to study the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of chlorobenzene(CB)from raw water by powdered activated carbon(PAC). The experimental data obtained were mathematically modeled with Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic model for the equilibrium isotherm and kinetics, respectively. It is shown that the conventional water treatment process can not remove chlorobenzene from water effectively. PAC can rapidly adsorb chlorobenzene with 80% and 98% of the equilibrium adsorption capacity at 5 min and 30 min, respectively. A theoretical formular was established to express the relation of PAC dose to the initial concentration of chlorobenzene and adsorption time, and it was verified by the results of bench experiments. The maximum concentration of chlorobenzene corresponding to different PAC dose was obtained with the adsorption time of 30 min.     

透明带诱导绵羊精子顶体反应的研究

为探讨绵羊透明带（zona pellucida,ZP）对其精子顶体反应的诱导作用,实验分为3组：（1）不经获能处理的精子与透明带共孵育;（2）精子经获能处理后与透明带共孵育;（3）不经获能处理的精子与透明带共孵育,然后IA23187（添钙离子载体,calcium ionophore A23187）,来观察透明带对精子顶体反应的诱导效果。结果显示获能与否并不影响透明带对精子顶体反应的诱导效果,添加IA23187后,顶体反应(acrosome reaction,AR)升高,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。说明透明带可诱导绵羊精子(无论获能与否)发生顶体反应,IA23187不能提高透明带对顶体反应的诱导作用。     

Simulation Analysis of Variation among Seasons in Winter Wheat Yields in Northern Italy

Winter wheat growth and yield was observed in two sets of field experiments performed at the Experimental Farm of Padova University in Legnaro, over seven years beginning in 1981. A spring wheat model in which leaf area development was calculated as a function of temperature and biomass accumulation was utilized. The final number of leaves in each season was calculated based on a previous winter wheat model and the biomass accumulation was decreased when average daily temperature was below 10 °C. In addition to the two modifications described above, the soil/crop nitrogen submodels were modified so that denitrification was a function of temperature and plant nitrogen uptake rate was sensitive to variations in daily temperature. Nitrogen leached below 60 cm was assumed to be no longer available to the winter wheat crop. The winter wheat model with the soil/crop nitrogen budged resulted in good agreement between the simulated and observed yields (less than 14 % difference existed in 12 of 14 environments). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.74) existed between the simulated yields and the simulated amount of nitrogen leached out of the root zone. Under the conditions of nothern Italy, retention of root zone nitrogen appears to be particularly important in achieving high winter wheat yields.     

Nitrogen Mineralization Rates and Kinetics in Soils Freshly Amended with Green Manures

Long term incubation studies to determine the nitrogen (N) mineralization rates and kinetics in soils freshly amended with some commonly used green manures such as Sesbania rostrata. Gliricidia maculata. Leucaena leucocephala and Azolla pinnata are scarce. A long term aerobic study was, therefore, conducted by incubating soils freshly amended with the above-mentioned green manures in PVC columns at 35 ± 1 C and with 0.01 Mpa moisture content. The soils were then leached at periodic intervals for up to 36 weeks.
The N-mineralization rates were greatest during the first week and decreased with time in all soils. The green manure amended soils leached 247 mg kg⁻¹ more NO₃+ NO₂– N than the unamended control. In general, the total N mineralized (mean 61%) was almost twice that of net N mineralized (mean 30%) in the amended soils. The percent N mineralized (total and net), however, varied with the nature of green manure incorporated into the soil. It was greatest in the soil amended with sesbania and lowest in the soil amended with azolla. The kinetic parameters derived using the double exponential model indicated that green manure amended soils possessed significantly higher N-mineralization potentials and rate constants compared to the unamended control. The kinetic parameters also varied with the nature of green manure incorporated into the soil. Among the various parameters lignin content, lignin to N ratio and lignin + polyphenol to N ratio of the green manures were the key factors governing the rate of decomposition and subsequent N mineralization from the amended soils.     

MBR工艺处理石榴浓缩汁生产废水的应用研究

摘要：采用规格为3 m3/d的一体式中空纤维膜生物反应器（MBR）对某果汁厂石榴浓缩汁生产废水进行了净化处理应用研究。实验结果表明：当进水CODCr为756~1097 mg/L时,出水CODCr为34~95 mg/L,CODCr去除率为89.5%~97.0%。膜的截留作用占总去除率的10%~20%。该装置连续运行了60 d,出水均稳定达到排放标准。采用膜生物反应器工艺处理果汁废水技术可行、操作简单、易于管理,可节省50%左右的添加营养物质氮磷的成本,为工业规模应用提供了技术参考。     

大气沉降对水稻各器官铅镉汞砷积累的影响

为了解大气沉降对水稻中重金属积累的可能影响,选择非污染和污染2种土壤,分别在工业区和农村等2种大气环境下开展露天种植与大棚种植对水稻各器官重金属积累的影响试验。结果表明,水稻中积累的重金属主要来自土壤,其各器官中铅、镉、汞和砷的积累量在污染土壤中明显高于非污染土壤;但试验区大气环境与种植条件对水稻茎叶和谷壳中重金属含量也有较大的影响,工业区生长的水稻茎叶和谷壳中重金属含量高于农村,露天种植的水稻茎叶和谷壳重金属含量高于大棚种植。工业区与农村之间、露天种植与大棚种植之间水稻根系和糙米中重金属含量差异不明显,说明大气污染对糙米中重金属的积累无显著的作用。     

均质后芹菜抽检样品中7种拟除虫菊酯农药残留降解规律研究

选择7种拟除虫菊酯类农药作为研究对象,采用芹菜加标均质的制样方法制备抽检样品,研究不同储存条件（常温、冷藏和冷冻）下抽检样品中农药的降解规律,并将7种农药残留的检测结果通过拟合一级动力学模型预测其降解半衰期。结果表明：在常温条件下7种拟除虫菊酯类农药半衰期范围为3.1~12.6 d,冷藏条件下半衰期范围为5.9~23.1 d,冷冻条件下半衰期范围为28.9~63.0 d,其中,氰戊菊酯在各种储存条件下半衰期较长,化学性质相对稳定,而氯氰菊酯半衰期较短,容易降解。芹菜中7种拟除虫菊酯农药冷冻条件下的半衰期明显大于常温条件的半衰期。检出芹菜中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药超标在2倍以内的结果被复检机构推翻的风险较高。