两用核不育系广占63S和籼粳型父本配组其F1 产量性状与产量的关系

利用光温敏两用核不育系广占63S分别和籼粳型父本测交配组，通过对两种类型F1代的产量性状表现的比较，对两种组配方式32个F1组合的单株产量与产量性状的关系进行相关分析，并对产量性状对单株产量进行了通径分析。结果表明，广占63S与籼型父本配制的组合在结实率和千粒重上优势明显，其单株穗数和单株产量呈极显著正相关，结实率和单株产量呈显著正相关；粳型父本配制组合的结实率和单株产量呈极显著正相关，每穗粒数和单株产量呈显著正相关。两种组配方式后代组合产量性状对单株产量的直接作用也不相同，进而提出了利用广占63S与籼型材料配组比直接利用粳型材料配组更有利于选育出强优势实用型杂交组合。     

与紧凑型小麦品种"莱州3279"正反交F1杂种优势比较

以莱州 32 79为中心亲本 ,与冀东地区 5个基因型不同的冬小麦品种配置正反交组合 ,并对 10个正反交 F1 的产量性状、叶绿素含量及旗叶与茎秆间的夹角进行了对比分析。结果表明 :无论正交还是反交 ,5个产量性状平均中亲杂种优势大小顺序均为 :单株产量 >单株有效穗数 >千粒重 >穗粒数 >每穗结实小穗数。单株产量表现出最强的杂种优势 ,但个别组合优势不明显 ,甚至出现负优势。大部分组合叶绿素含量杂种优势不明显 ,只有 1个组合正反交 F1 叶绿素含量均表现出较强的杂种优势。同一性状的杂种优势某些组合正交高于反交 ,而某些组合反交高于正交。莱州 32 79株型直立紧凑 ,与其他品种配成的正反交 F1 旗叶夹角减小幅度均较大 ,该品种对改良株型有很好的利用价值。杂种优势的表达很复杂 ,不仅与杂种核基因有关 ,核质互作对杂种优势也有很强的影响。     

转基因抗虫棉核不育系配合力及杂种优势分析

为了分析转基因抗虫棉不育系的配合力和杂种优势。采用6×6NCⅡ交配设计,分析了6份转基因抗虫核不育系与6份陆地棉亲本杂交后,9个性状杂种F1的超父本优势、竞争优势和配合力。结果表明,籽棉产量超父本优势的平均值为19.44%,22个组合具正向的杂种优势;竞争优势的平均值为-8.36%,16个组合出现正向竞争优势。单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显。父本值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,8个性状F1代平均值与父本值的相关性达到极显著水平。经配合力分析,A1、A4、B1、B5等亲本的GCA较好;SCA效应显著的6个性状中,A1×B6、A3×B3等组合的SCA效应均为正值。     

转基因抗虫组合F2代群体农艺性状变异及其利用价值评估

用陆地棉品种间杂种一代产量高、优势强杂交组合的 F2 代群体作为基础材料 ,对 F2 和 F2∶ 3 家系分别按单株考种 ,并利用相关分析软件对多个经济性状的次数分布作了比较分析 ,结果表明这些性状表现为连续的正态分布 ,为典型的多个微效基因控制的数量性状。对 F2 代群体中单株纤维品质性状的分析表明 :F2 代的均值与 F1代的各项指标平均数差异不显著。但从 F2 群体具体组成上分析就会得出绝然相反的结论。所以在生产上应充分利用优势组合的杂种一代的杂种优势 ,对其二代的利用则应谨慎评价、科学决策     

以旅大红骨群自交系为父本的玉米杂优组合F1杂种优势研究

以5个来源不同的玉米自交系组成的杂交组合为材料,对旅大红骨群自交系为父本的F1产量等性状的杂种优势进行了初步研究,结果表明:旅大红骨群与Reid,PA,PB群组合的F1的杂种优势均随性状不同而有所差异;在种质改良过程中PA×旅组合后代的杂种优势较强,从抗旱性角度来看Reid×旅组合具有显著优势;旅大红骨群自交系作为父本对后代在多个性状上的影响大于母本自交系,在利用不同性状对后代进行改良时应注重旅群与其他群不同组合模式的应用。     

光子棉花的产量杂种优势研究

利用综合性状较好的5个光子材料作亲本,与17个优良毛子棉花新品种(系)组配19个光子杂交组合,研究具有光子标记性状杂交组合的产量杂种优势表现.结果表明:光子杂交组合皮棉产量表现正向中亲优势和正向超亲优势,籽棉产量光子作母本的杂交组合杂种优势高于光子作父本的杂交组合;衣分和单铃重表现正向中亲优势,单株铃数光子作母本的杂交组合优势率高于作光子父本的杂交组合;籽指表现负向中亲优势、负向超亲优势和负向竞争优势,筛选出产量竞争优势5%以上、综合性状突出的优势组合8个.     

红叶棉花的产量杂种优势研究初探

利用综合性状表现较好的3个红叶材料作父本,与15个绿叶转基因棉花新品种(系)组配19个红叶杂交组合,研究了具有红叶标记性状棉花的产量杂种优势表现,结果表明:19个红叶杂交组合子棉产量具有明显的杂种优势,皮棉产量的具有正向中亲优势、正向超亲优势和负向竞争优势,衣分和单铃重具有正向的中亲优势,单株铃数表现正向中亲、超亲和竞争优势,筛选出产量竞争优势在5%以上、综合性状较好的优势组合4个。     

以旅大红骨群自交系为父本的玉米杂优组合F1杂种优势研究

以5个来源不同的玉米自交系组成的杂交组合为材料，对旅大红骨群自交系为父本的F。产量等性状的杂种优势进行了初步研究，结果表明：旅大红骨群与Reid，PA，PB群组合的F。的杂种优势均随性状不同而有所差异；在种质改良过程中PA×旅组合后代的杂种优势较强，从抗旱性角度来看Reid×旅组合具有显著优势；旅大红骨群自交系作为父本对后代在多个性状上的影响大于母本自交系，在利用不同性状对后代进行改良时应注重旅群与其他群不同组合模式的应用。     

甘蓝型油菜二系杂交种在不同生态区遗传效应及优势表现

为了探索在不同生态条件下,二系法甘蓝型油菜杂交组合的遗传效应及杂种优势表现。本研究选用6个核背景不同的甘蓝型油菜恢复系作为亲本,根据NCⅡ遗传交配设计配置了36个杂交组合,分别在大荔和张掖两个不同生态区种植,在成熟期对其进行性状调查,采用朱军的ADE模型进行数据分析。结果表明,产量性状不同程度都受到基因的加性、显性、及其与环境互作效应的影响,其中单株角果数和千粒重主要受到加性效应的影响,单株产量和角粒数主要受到显性效应影响;在与环境互作中,单株产量、单株角果数和千粒重的各遗传效应都与环境互作达到了显著性,而角粒数的遗传性相对稳定;农艺性状在基因型与环境互作中有效分枝部位和一次有效分枝数受到环境效应影响较大;在遗传相关性中,单株产量与单株角果数、角粒数和千粒重的表现型相关系数和基因型相关系数均达到了极显著性水平;杂交组合的杂种优势总体表现出F1代优于F2代。此研究结果对二系杂交组合选配有一定的指导意义。     

彩色棉与常规棉种质间F1杂种优势分析

本文对彩色棉与常规棉种质间的杂交优势进行研究。结果表明：以常规棉为母本，彩色棉为父本的组合，其产量性状籽棉、皮棉产量均有显著的中亲优势；铃重、籽值和单株铃数的中亲优势明显；衣分的竞争优势明显；在纤维品质性状中．2．5％跨长、比强度和马克隆值表现出了较高的中亲优势和竞争优势。     

利用混合线性模型分析绿豆主要农艺性状的遗传及相关性

以19个绿豆品种(系)为亲本, 采用非完全双列杂交试验设计及混合线性模型,研究绿豆主要农艺性状的遗传规律及其性状间的相互关系。结果表明, 绿豆全生育日数、株高、主茎节数和百粒重均以加性效应为主, 狭义遗传率较高且达极显著水平;单株荚数、单株产量和总产量的加性效应和显性效应均显著或极显著, 狭义遗传率相对较低;单荚粒数主要受显性效应影响, 广义遗传率较高;播种至开花天数与株高间存在显著或极显著遗传和表型正相关;单株荚数、单荚粒数与百粒重显著或极显著负相关;单株荚数与单株产量、总产量显著或极显著正相关;百粒重与单株产量、总产量相关性不大;针对全生育日数、株高、主茎节数和百粒重的选择可在早期世代进行, 而对产量的选择可以根据单株荚数和单株产量在晚期世代进行。     

Correlation Studies and Path Coefficient Analysis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Field investigations were carried out at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, India during 1989—1990 to study the genotypic character association in sesame. The F4 and F5 generations of TSS6 X TMV3 and TMV3 X TSS6 were raised and eight genotypic characters were recorded: plant height; primary branches; secondary branches; capsule number per plant; seed number per capsule; 1000 seed—weight; oil content and seed yield per plant. Correlation studies showed that the magnitude and direction of correlation between eight pairs of traits varied with generations in both crosses involving two genotypes reciprocally. Single plant yield had a strong significant and positive relationship with capsule number in both generations of the two cross combinations indicating the close link between the two traits. The path coefficient analysis revealed that direct and indirect contributions by different traits primary branches, secondary branches, capsule number per plant, seed number per capsule and 1000—seed weight had to be considered as the most important traits in the determination of seed yield and selection of parents.     

Genetic studies for seed size and grain yield traits in kabuli chickpea

Seed size, determined by 100-seed weight, is an important yield component and trade value trait in kabuli chickpea. In the present investigation, the small seeded kabuli genotype ICC 16644 was crossed with four genotypes (JGK 2, KAK 2, KRIPA and ICC 17109) and F₁, F₂ and F₃ populations were developed to study the gene action involved in seed size and other yield attributing traits. Scaling test and joint scaling test revealed the presence of epistasis for days to first flower, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and 100-seed weight. Additive, additive?×?additive and dominance?×?dominance effects were found to govern days to first flower. Days to maturity and plant height were under the control of both the main as well as interaction effects. Number of seeds per pod was predominantly under the control of additive and additive?×?additive effects. For grain yield per plant, additive and dominance?×?dominance effects were significant in the cross ICC 16644?×?KAK 2, whereas, additive?×?additive effects were important in the cross ICC 16644?×?JGK 2. Additive, dominance and epistatic effects influenced seed size. The study emphasized the existence of duplicate epistasis for most of the traits. To explore both additive and non-additive gene actions for phenological traits and yield traits, selection in later generations would be more effective.     

Components of Seed and Straw Yield in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

178 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) strains were tested for 2 years under dryland conditions in Bursa, Turkey. Broad-sense heritability of the traits was calculated for each trait. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients between seed and straw yield, with several morphological and reproductive traits, were obtained. Broad-sense heritability estimates were high for 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per pod. Heritability values for both seed and straw yield were small and insignificant. Harvest index, 1000-seed weight and spring vigour showed significant positive correlations with seed yield, but days to flower correlated negatively with seed yield. Spring vigour, plant height and number of leaflets per leaf correlated positively, while harvest index, seeds per pod and seeds per plant correlated negatively with straw yield. Correlations between seed and straw yield were both positive and significant.     

红麻产量和纤维品质性状的遗传效应与杂种优势分析

红麻产量与品质性状的各项遗传效应、关联性及其杂种优势表现是杂种优势利用的基础,采用加性-显性遗传模型,分析了7个杂交红麻亲本和21个F1 代组合的12个产量与品质性状的研究结果表明,（1）株高、鲜皮厚、单株干皮重、千粒重、纤维支数同时受到加性和显性效应的控制;而茎粗、单株干茎重、皮骨比、出麻率、单株纤维重、精     

Phenotypic recurrent selection in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) based on performance of S2 progenies

Summary The effect of a recurrent selection procedure for improving seed yield per plant was evaluated in common bean. Progress was registered after three cycles of recurrent selection with S2 progeny evaluation performed on the grain yield/plant. Gain from selection was estimated by field testing 45 random S2 lines from each of the C0, C1 and C2 populations. Response to selection for seed yield/plant was 6 g from C0 to C1 and 4.4 g from C1 to C2. The seed yield improvement was due principally to an increase in pods/plant; little contribution was provided by the 1000-seed weight and seeds/pod traits. Broad-sense heritability and genotypic variance for grain yield remained high in all cycles which suggests further gain from additional selection cycles. Grain yield/plant is significantly correlated to pods/plant and seeds/pod traits in all cycles, indicating that plants with favourable combinations of these traits could be identified. The proposed recurrent selection procedure appears to be effective in improving the population and extracting superior genotypes for varietal development.     

用双标图分析油菜双列杂交试验

用GGE双标图法对甘蓝型油菜5×4双列杂交试验进行分析,显示了以下结果: (1)GCA较高的亲本为不育系S₂、S₃和恢复系R₂、R₃，而SCA较高的亲本是不育系S₃、S₁和恢复系R₂、R₄，不育系S₅和恢复系R₂是区分能力和代表性最好的亲本，SCA较高的组合为S₄×R₄、S₃×R₁、S₂×R₂、S₅×R₃和S₁×R₃；(2）对不育系而言，单株角果数和角粒数的GCA与产量GCA呈正相关，株高、千粒重和有效分枝部位的GCA与产量GCA呈负相关。对恢复系而言，单株角果数、主花序角果数、一次分枝数、主花序长度和株高等性状的GCA与产量GCA呈正相关，呈负相关的有千粒重和有效分枝部位。对于杂交种而言，与产量呈正相关的性状为单株角果数和角粒数，呈负相关的为千粒重和有效分枝部位。表明虽然好的不育系和恢复系具有不同的特点，但相同之处为单株角果数较多，千粒重较小和有效分枝部位较低。同时在亲本选配中应注意优势性状互补。     

红花主要农艺性状与单株籽粒产量的相关和通径分析

对来自世界各地的48份栽培红花品种的主要农艺性状进行相关和通径分析.相关分析结果表明,9个相关性状对单株籽粒产量影响的顺序:单株粒数＞百粒重＞单株有效果球数＞平均每果粒数＞株高＞一级分枝数＞开花期＞单株无效果球数.多元回归分析表明,百粒重(x1)、单株无效果球数(x3)、单株粒数(x4)、一级分枝数(x6)是影响产量的主要因素,4个因素对产量的多元回归方程为(y=-8.784 3.773 x1 0.067 x3 0.025 x4-0.046 x6(r=0.981**).通径分析表明,单株粒数对单株籽粒产量的直接效应最大,其次为百粒重,二者是红花品种选育的主要目标性状和高产栽培的主攻方向.减少单株无效果球数可大幅提高单株籽粒产量.单株籽粒产量高产株型应是株高、一级分枝数适中,单株粒数、平均每果粒数多,单株有效果球数多、无效果球数少,百粒重高,开花期短者.