甘蓝型油菜二系杂交种在不同生态区遗传效应及优势表现

为了探索在不同生态条件下,二系法甘蓝型油菜杂交组合的遗传效应及杂种优势表现。本研究选用6个核背景不同的甘蓝型油菜恢复系作为亲本,根据NCⅡ遗传交配设计配置了36个杂交组合,分别在大荔和张掖两个不同生态区种植,在成熟期对其进行性状调查,采用朱军的ADE模型进行数据分析。结果表明,产量性状不同程度都受到基因的加性、显性、及其与环境互作效应的影响,其中单株角果数和千粒重主要受到加性效应的影响,单株产量和角粒数主要受到显性效应影响;在与环境互作中,单株产量、单株角果数和千粒重的各遗传效应都与环境互作达到了显著性,而角粒数的遗传性相对稳定;农艺性状在基因型与环境互作中有效分枝部位和一次有效分枝数受到环境效应影响较大;在遗传相关性中,单株产量与单株角果数、角粒数和千粒重的表现型相关系数和基因型相关系数均达到了极显著性水平;杂交组合的杂种优势总体表现出F1代优于F2代。此研究结果对二系杂交组合选配有一定的指导意义。

Genetic Effects and Heterosis of Two-line Hybrid Brassica napus L. in Different Ecological Environments

In order to explore genetic effects and heterosis expression of two-line-method Brassica napus L.hybridized combination in different ecological environments, the authors used 6 rapeseed restorer lines of different nuclear backgrounds as parents to make 36 cross combinations according to an incomplete diallel design (NC II). These cross combinations were planted in two different ecological areas Dali and Zhangye, the traits were investigated in mature period and ADE model of Zhujun was used to analyze these data. The results showed that yield traits were influenced by additive effect, dominance effect, and the environment interaction effect in different degrees, the pod numbers per plant and thousand seed weight were mainly influenced by additive effect, yield per plant and per pod grain number were mainly influenced by dominance effect. In environment interaction effect, all genetic effect of yield per plant, pod numbers per plant and thousand seed weight achieved significance with environment interactions, but the hereditary of per pod grain number was relatively stable. In genotype and environment interaction effect, the effective branch height and first effective branch number were affected by environmental effects. As to the genetic correlation, phenotype correlation coefficient and genotype correlation coefficient of yield per plant and pod numbers per plant, per pod grain number and thousand seed weight all reached the significant level. Heterosis of hybridized combination overall performance showed that F₁ generation was better than F₂ generation. The results give significant guidance for breeding two-line hybrid combinations.