光敏感雌性不育苎麻的光周期反应特性研究

光周期敏感雌性不育苎麻(PFSR)头、二、三麻均能成花, 但头、二麻雌性败育, 三麻雌性可育, 雄性发育正常, 年度间表现稳定. 对其光周期特性研究分析表明: (1) 6至7月, PFSR雌性育性转换的临界日长在13.0 h/d至13.5 h/d之间, 败育发生早而彻底; (2) 经SD+LD和LD+SD处理, 雌性表现为相邻节位间由可育到不育或不育到可育的跃变,     

施氮时期和R/FR比值对玉米生长生理性状和产量的影响

研究施氮时期和光质(红光/远红光,R/FR)对玉米植株形态及产量构成因素的影响,对于探讨高密度种植玉米的生长和产量响应机制具有重要意义。以‘郑单958’和‘鲁单981’2个玉米品种为材料,在盆栽基施和追施2种施氮时期下,采用人工加装远红光LED灯设置低R/FR比值光环境,研究玉米生长生理性状和产量对低R/FR的响应。低R/FR处理后,各取样期植株的高度、总叶面积、比叶重都不同程度增加,而总叶片数却与对照持平;低R/FR处理还降低了叶片的SPAD值,却提高了叶片的净光合速率;低R/FR处理最终提高了玉米果穗的行粒数、穗粒重及果穗总重量,降低了穗轴重,而千粒重变化未达统计显著水平。低R/FR×品种互作和低R/FR×施氮时期在各个农艺性状上互作基本都未达到统计显著水平。低R/FR比值通过增加行粒数提高穗粒重。     

水稻光（温）敏雄性不育系的育性转换机理研究

光敏核不育水稻的育性转换是由抽穗前５至１５－２０天的光温条件综合作用的结果。可育期内育性表现为一偏向高温（长日）的单峰型曲线，其数量关系可由结实率量化模型表达。温敏型不育系的育性变化由温度主控，光敏型不育系的育性在日长大于最适日长时由日长主控，短于最适日长时由温度主控，光温敏型不育系的育性由温光条件共同作用。温光当量可作为比较温度和日长对育性影响大小的具体量值。育性转换是一个可逆连续过程，其恢复和     

反光温敏雄性核不育水稻选育的思考

反光温敏不育水稻是与长光高温敏不育水稻育性转换特性相反的新型两用不育系，包括短光敏雄性不育、低温敏雄性不育等多种类型。本文描述了反光温敏不育水稻的光温作用模式。提出以“短光敏不育性典型、光敏温度范围较宽，即诱导不育上限温度较高”为反光温敏不育水稻的选育目标，采用当地和异地、正季和异季自然生态条件与人工光温控制相结合的目标性状鉴定方法选育短光（低温）敏不育系。     

两系杂交稻的种子生产特点及技术

自1972年发现光敏感核不育水稻以来，研究工作取得了长足进展。光敏核不育基因已初步定位；光敏核不育水稻育性转换的光温作用模式已基本建立；以农垦58s为光敏不育基因供体已育成多种类型的光过核不育系；两系杂交稻组合已在部份地区示范、推广。同三是杂交稻相比，两系杂交稻     

W6154S×农垦58杂交后代育性转换株的发育感光性与育性转换特性

为了探讨水稻发育感光性与光、温敏雄性不育性之间的遗传关系,对W6154S/农垦58杂交组合F_2中发育感光性不同而具有明显育性转换特性的不育株及其衍生的F_3株系各单株进行了发育感光性与育性转换光温反应特性鉴定。结果表明:W6154S的育性转换特性可在发育感光性不同的背景中表达光敏不育性;所有F_2、F_3的育性转换株中没有分离出典型的温敏不育株;育性转换性状能在低世代稳定,而控制育性转换光温条件的遗传基础是复杂的。发育感光性强弱不是育性光敏性强弱的决定因子,育性光敏性强弱受遗传背景多因子综合作用,农垦58及其类似背景中可能存在增强光敏雄性不育主效基因表达的遗传因子。     

试议光敏不育水稻育性转换的光温作用模式

雄性败育度（设为纵坐标）随敏感期内日照时数（设为横坐标）的增加呈“Ｓ”状曲线增加。该曲线是水稻光敏不育性表现的特征曲线。在温度单因子的作用下，“Ｓ”状曲线的坐标沿纵轴方向上下浮动；由于光温互作的存在，温度对临界日长值的修饰可导致它沿横坐标轴方向的左右移动；作为日长对温度效应水平制约的结果，该曲线地形状发生改变：即近短日端变幅较大，近长日端变幅较小。光周期、温度、光温互作等因子对雄性育性的作用是耦合     

试议光敏核不育水稻的异质性

综述了光敏核不育水稻遗传异质性主要表现：（１）高世代群体的育性尚在分离；（２）同一样本内个体的ＰＥ（光周期效应指数值），ＴＥ（温度效应指数值）及ＰＥ与ＴＥ的组合是具多样性；（３）同一样本内个体的败育临蚧日长值不一致。建议从提高个体育性转换的整齐度入手解决异质性问题。     

小麦光敏雄性不育系A31在不同生态地点的育性变异

本文通过在不同生态点的育性试验，观察光敏小麦雄性不育系A31的育性表现和育性转换特性。A31在7个不同生态点的自交结实率结合各试验点的光温条件分析表明，其雄性育性随日长增加有明显的下降趋势，日长是影响A31育性的主导因素，在日长相近条件下，温度对A31育性也有一定的效应；A31育性转换的临界日长约在14.5h左右。     

光敏核不育水稻温敏性5种表现型的识别

综述并评述了文献涉及的５种不同的温敏性表现型,指出：（１）温度变化影响育性的表达是最基本的一种表现型。不过,它是核不育性、光敏性和温敏性等多种遗传因子共有的表现型;（２）光温互作效应包括温度变化对不育临界日长值的影响,光周期条件变化对温度效应指数或“不育起点温度”的影响以及光周期效应和温度效应的协同互作或拮抗式互作等,是温敏性和光敏性共有的表现型;（３）在光周期条件被确定的条件下,有“不育起点温度     

Inheritance of male sterility mutations induced in haploid sorghum tissue culture

Summary A high frequency of male sterile mutants regeneration was shown in callus cultures derived from leaves and panicles of haploid sorghum (Ms_c1, A1 cytoplasm) and a spontaneous autodiploid obtained from this haploid. The cultures derived from the embryos of this autodiploid yielded significantly fewer mutants. Absolutely or partially male sterile mutants appeared among the regenerants or in the progeny of fertile regenerants. In the self-fertilized progenies of partially male sterile mutants and in the hybrids of sterile mutants with autodiploid line (i.e. under one and the same nuclear genome) male sterility mutations were inherited as cytoplasmic. Non-Mendelian segregation of sterile, partially male sterile and fertile plants was observed in these progenies. Partially male sterile plants were characterized by somatic segregation of male sterility genetic factors. In test-crosses with some CMS A1 fertility restorers, mutations were manifested as nuclear recessive while with others as nuclear dominant. These differences are supposed to be the result of interaction of fertility restorer genes of these testers with the novel cytoplasm. Male sterility mutations accompanied with female sterility were inherited as nuclear recessives.Abbreviations f fertile - ps partially male sterile - s male sterile plants     

水稻三明显性核不育基因的初步鉴定

2001年在福建省尤溪县西城镇凤元村进行两系核不育系育性鉴定时, 在SE21S/Basmati 370组合编号为S221的800多株F₂代分离群体中发现1株与其他不育株的花粉败育形态不同的植株。经测交、回交、姐妹交的后代育性分离调查, 不育株与可育株呈1︰1分离, 以不育株为母本与普通品种配制杂交组合, 其后代育性呈1︰1分离, 可育株后代分离不出不育株, 表明S221不育性受核内1对显性不育基因控制。     

Effect of temperature on the expression of male sterility in Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. Gemmifera DC.)

Summary The effect of temperature on the expression of male sterility was studied in clones of partially male sterile and completely male sterile plants of Brussels sprouts.At a low temperature (10°C) most clones of male sterile plants developed normal fertile flowers, but some clones showed an opposite reaction. The female fertility of the clones of the male sterile plants did not differ much from that of the fertile clones.These results point to a possibility of propagating male sterile lines of cole crops by selfing or sib-mating them at low or high temperatures.     

Enarthrocarpus lyratus-based cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restorer system in Brassica rapa

Substituting the nuclear genome of Brassica rapa into the cytoplasmic background of Enarthrocarpus lyratus through backcross substitution helped in developing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Alloplasmic male sterile plants had pale green leaves, small flowers with narrow petals and rudimentary anthers. Female fertility, low initially, improved considerably with advanced backcross generations. Male sterility expression was stable throughout the growing season. Except for EC 339014, all B. rapa accessions (38) evaluated were partial maintainers of the male sterility. Introgression of gene(s) for fertility restoration from the cytoplasm donor species was facilitated by homoeologous pairing between B. rapa and E. lyratus genomes, as was apparent from the very frequent occurrence of a trivalent in the monosomic addition plants (2n = 10 II + 1 I). Backcrossing of fertile monosomic addition plants with B. rapa led to the recovery of male fertile plants possessing the stable euploid chromosome number (2n = 20). These plants restored male fertility in crosses with different (lyr) CMS B. rapa genotypes, confirming the introgression of fertility restorer gene(s) from E. lyratus, the cytoplasm donor species.     

白菜型冬油菜温敏不育系PK3-12S育性转换的差异蛋白质组学分析

为揭示温敏不育系PK3-12S育性转换机制,本研究以白菜型冬油菜温敏不育系PK3-12花药为材料,采用2-DE和LC-MS/MS质谱鉴定等差异蛋白组学方法,分离鉴定了PK3-12在不育/可育条件下花药差异表达蛋白质,并对差异表达蛋白进行了生物信息学分析;进而采用RT-PCR检测了PK3-12在不育/可育条件下花蕾发育进程中差异蛋白编码基因表达量变化。结果表明,高温不育条件下, PK3-12花药形态瘪小,药室有少量败育花粉,育性转换受1对隐性基因控制,表达变化量在2倍以上差异蛋白质点31个,其中增量表达蛋白质点6个,减量表达蛋白质点11个,表达完全抑制蛋白点12个,不育花药特异表达蛋白点2个。质谱鉴定出15个差异蛋白质,参与信号转导通路、二羧基乙醛酸代谢、糖酵解代谢、次生合成代谢、氨基酸生物合成、分支酸生物合成、碳代谢途径等细胞过程。Rubisco亚基连接蛋白编码基因BrrbcL开放读码框(open reading frame, ORF)长度为1095 bp,编码364个氨基酸;与可育花蕾相比,发育进程中不育花蕾BrrbcL基因、膜联蛋白基因(ANN)、BetVI过敏原家族基因(BetVI)表达明显下调,表明上述基因可能参与了温敏不育系PK3-12S育性的转换。     

温敏型雄性不育亚麻的研究

通过在自然条件下对亚麻雄性不育材料的特征特性和不育性表现的研究表明, 该不育材料农艺性状优良, 雄性不育特征明显. 温度对不育性有重要影响, 一定温度范围内, 高温能使育性提高, 结果率和结实率增加, 低温使育性下降, 结果率和结实率下降, 同时还发现不同材料对温度的敏感程度不同, 通过对杂交后代育性分离的分析, 表明几     

中国首例燕麦雄性不育的发现及遗传鉴定

对1994年发现的我国首例燕麦雄性不育材料进行了特征特性的观察和细胞学鉴定、以及不育性遗传的研究,结果表明:(1)该材料不育度为100%,属“无花粉型”的雄性不育,不育株小抱子败育发生在四分体形成后期到花粉粒形成早期阶段。(2)不育株与不同品种测交的F1代,6个组合表现育性恢复,2个组合出现一些完全不育株;恢复育性的植     

黏类小麦细胞质雄性不育相关基因cMDH的克隆与表达分析

为深入研究黏类小麦雄性不育的分子遗传机制,利用抑制差减杂交技术构建了黏类小麦育性相关基因的二核期SSH文库.经文库筛选后,得到一个在可育文库中表达的与胞质苹果酸脱氢酶基因同源的EST序列.以该EST序列为信息探针,经电子克隆、RT-PCR、PCR克隆与序列分析,获得了小麦胞质苹果酸脱氢酶(cytosolic malate dehydrogenases,cMDH)基因的cDNA与DNA序列,利用荧光定量PCR技术对该基因在不育株和可育株花药中的表达进行了分析,并比较了MDH在小麦不育株和可育株中的活性变化.结果表明,该基因的cDNA序列长1213 bp,编码333个氨基酸;DNA序列长2 908 bp,含有7个外显子和6个内含子;该基因在不育株和可育株花药发育3个时期(单核、二核和三核)的表达均表现为先升后降的模式,而且该基因在不育株花药发育的二核期和三核期的表达相对于可育株被明显抑制;MDH在小麦不育株和可育株中的活性变化趋势与定量结果一致.推测该基因在花粉发育早期表达,它的下调表达可能影响了小麦雄蕊发育过程中的能量供应而导致雄性不育.     

Genetic analysis of male sterility in rice mutants with environmentally influenced levels of fertility

Summary Twenty-six male sterile plants grown in the field were recovered in the M7 generation from ethyl methane sulfonate-treated material of the rice cultivar M-201. Fertility increased five-fold when ratooned plants from the field were grown in a growth chamber with a 12 hour daylength. Crosses between mutant and normal fertile cultivars produced fertile F₁ plants. Female fertility was normal as judged by percent seed set from unbagged panicles of parental and recombinant lines. Transgressive segregation for fertility was observed for all crosses in the F₂ and F₃ generations. Five of 37 F₃ male sterile plants showed moderate levels of seed fertility under winter greenhouse conditions and reduced seed set when transplanted to summer field plots. Fertility data from reciprocal crosses suggested cytoplasmic factors had little or no effect on levels of male sterility in the mutant lines. Chi-squared analyses of F₂ and F₃ generation results indicated male sterility of the mutants is conditioned by two nuclear genes with epistatic effects.     

Towards a more efficient utilization of genic male sterility in breeding hybrid barley and wheat

The author suggests that in nature cytoplasms may occur which can restore fertility in male sterile lines in which male sterility is based on one recessive gene ms. If indeed such a fertilizing cytoplasm should be found a male sterile (S) ms ms-line could be increased using the male fertile counterpart (F) ms ms as a male. Thus the female rows in hybrid seed production fields consist of male sterile plants only. A method is outlined to trace a fertility restoring cytoplasm and to introduce it into a male sterile line.