种子异黄酮含量分离的大豆重组自交系群体的农艺表现

大豆种子含有异黄酮物质，该物质对成年人的健康有正效应，而对未成年人的健康有负效应。增加或者降低大豆种子异黄酮含量都对人类有利，然而，我们并不知道这样做会对大豆农艺性状及其它种子品质性状产生怎样的影响。本文旨在弄清大豆种子异黄酮含量是否与农艺性状和种子品质性状的变化相关。     

烟草DH系的结实性差异研究

对烟草同一组合不同DH系的结实性和种子质量进行了研究，发现DH系间成果率、单果结实种子数、产量等结实性状与千粒重、发芽势、发芽率等种子质量性状存在显著的差异。研究表明，产生结实性差异的原因主要是遗传差异，结实性很可能是受加性效应的基因控制的数量性状；而种子质量差异主要是烟草种子检验标准的缺陷所致。     

不同单株梭梭种子质量比较研究

收集14份不同单株梭梭种子，比较它们的外观、发芽及出苗等性状．并利用SPSS软件进行数据统计分析，研究比较不同单株梭梭种子的质量。结果是梭梭种子不同单株间质量性状存在显著差异。     

陆地棉种子性状直接效应和母体效应的遗传分析

采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法，分析了陆地棉５个品种及其配制的Ｆ１、Ｆ２和正反回交一代（ＢＣ１、ＢＣ２、ＲＢＣ１和ＲＢＣ２）世代籽指、种仁率、容重和油分４个种子性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明，４个棉子性状的遗传均以母体效应为主，种子直接遗传效应作用较小。各性状的直接效应与母体效应的协方差不显著。通过母体植株的遗传表现对这些性状选择更为有效。可以根据籽指小和容量大等性状母体植     

陆地棉种子品质性状与棉花产量性状的遗传相关性分析

采用包括基因型与环境互作的双子叶作物种子遗传模型和农艺性状遗传模型，分析了陆地棉五个亲本及其Ｆ１、Ｆ２棉子仁的油分含量、油分指数、蛋白质含量和蛋白质指数、棉子的子指、容重、仁壳比和仁指以及棉花植株单株产量、革株铃数、单铃重的两年实验资料，估算了棉仁营养品质性状及棉子物理性状与棉花在艺性状间的各项近传协方差分量。结果表明，棉子仁营养品质和种子物理性状与单株产量遗传相关均不显著，油分含量、油分指数、蛋白质指数、子指、容重和仁指的细胞质效应、母体遗传效应与单株铃数的相应遗传效应存在显著的负向协方差，其互作协方差也为显著的负值。这６个种子性状与单铃重的遗传关系列相反，这些效应均为负相关。衣分与大多数种子性状不存在明显的遗传相关性，仅与蛋白质指数、子指和仁指有明显的细胞质和母体效应的正相关。     

种子性状遗传研究进展

农作物种子是由世代不同的母体部分和子代部分组成的,种子性状包括胚乳成分决定的胚乳性状以及胚成分决定的胚性状。由于种子着生在母株上,其遗传表达有别于普通的农艺性状。因此,探究种子性状的遗传基础对于作物改良有着重要意义。本文总结了种子性状特殊的遗传特性,综述了近年来在种子性状遗传基础研究方面所取得的进展,并对当前种子性状研究所面临的一些问题进行了讨论。     

稳固建设种子生产基地的措施

种子是最基本最重要的生产资料，是农作物各项优良性状和丰产性状遗传的主要载体，是农作物高产、优质、高效的基础，大力推广普及农作物优良品种是促进农业技术发展的最有效的措施和重要保证。因此，只有建立稳定的种子生产基地，才能保证源源不断地为农业生产提供优质良种，促进农业生产长足发展。现提出我市在种子生产基地建设中的一些经验和做法，以供参考。     

小麦种子繁育过程中育种家对种子保纯容忍度的研究

育种家种子保纯繁育是保障小麦种子质量和产量达到国家要求最重要的环节，本试验从育种家选育并审定的小麦品种中选取郑麦1860、郑麦7698、郑麦0943和郑麦1354等四个品种为研究材料，由授权企业和育种家在生育期内开展以株高、株型、叶色、穗型、芒长等5个关键农艺性状的调查，分别抽取1～5个关键农艺性状对其一致性进行鉴别和筛选，单独混收并对其进行纯度检测，经过比对和方差分析，找出符合育种家种子标准的快速鉴别性状为株高和叶色，确定其性状允许存在的变异和分离异质容忍程度为0～0.005%。     

商务部批准拜耳收购孟山都但附加了4个条件

<正>本刊讯商务部近日发布公告称,在征求有关政府部门、行业协会、下游客户及行业专家意见后,决定有条件地批准拜耳收购孟山都一事。公开资料显示:拜耳和孟山都在非选择性除草剂、甘蓝种子、黄瓜种子、辣椒种子、经切削加工销售胡萝卜种子、长日照洋葱种子、大果番茄种子、玉米性状、大豆性状、棉花性状、油菜性状、数字农业等12个商品市场存在横向重叠。在玉米种子杀菌包衣剂、玉米种子     

不同生态型扁蓿豆种子性状的遗传多样性和相关性分析

对扃蓿豆(Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv.)不同生态区的20份野生材料种子性状的变异进行系统研究,分别测定千粒重、种子长、种子宽和种子长宽比共4个种子形态指标,方差分析表明:扁蓿豆种子性状变异幅度最大的为千粒重,变异系数为12.50％,所有性状均表现差异极显著.主成分分析表明:前2个主成分包含了原来4个性状指标的93.74％,足以能够代表所有性状变异的全部信息,特征值总和为3.749.聚类分析表明:在遗传距离为12时,可以把20份野生材料分为六大类.相关分析表明:种子长和种子宽、种子宽和千粒重均呈极显著正相关,而种子长和种子长宽比、种子长和千粒重均呈显著正相关.研究表明,扁蓿豆植物野生种质材料具有丰富的遗传多样性.     

The influence of auxin type on the array of somaclonal variants generated from somatic embryogenesis of eggplant, Solanum melongena L.

Somaclonal variation is a possible source of variation in plant breeding. To apply this approach to eggplant breeding, somaclonal variations were observed among plants regenerated through somatic embryogenesis induced by 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Variations including leaf shape, plant height, flower number per cluster, fruit shape, anther number per flower and pollen fertility were compared among ? 300 plants (R₀). Although these variations were confirmed among plants regenerated using both auxins, the frequencies of somaclonal variations in leaf shape, plant height, fruit shape and pollen fertility in the NAA experiment were higher than those in the 2,4-D experiment. Variations in flower number and anther number were also confirmed among plants from both experiments, although no significant differences in their frequency were observed. Subsequently, the inheritance of variations (leaf shape, fruit shape, and flower number) observed in R₀ was investigated from generation to generation (R₁). Variations in leaf shape and fruit shape were inherited while those in flower number were not. From these results we concluded that, although a high frequency of somaclonal variations were observed among plants from both methods, embryogenesis with NAA was more efficient than 2,4-D in eggplant.     

170份亚麻种质资源主要农艺性状分析

对来自五大洲33个国家的170份亚麻种质资源的9个农艺性状进行了分析。结果表明,参试资源的农艺性状差异较大,变异丰富。各性状间相互影响,有10对性状呈极显著相关,其中,株高、分茎数、主茎分枝数、单株果数均与单株产量呈极显著正相关,作用效应为单株果数>主茎分枝数>分茎数>株高。主成分分析表明前3个主成分的累积贡献率为74.705%。将170份种质资源划分为5类,各个类群之间差异明显。对33个国家类群进行聚类分析,分为3个组群,地理来源相同的品种被归为不同类群,洲际之间的种质资源在组群中相互渗透。     

基于农艺性状解析乐都长辣椒种质分化情况

为更好地提出保护和开发青海地方蔬菜种质资源乐都长辣椒策略,通过在同样栽培条件下比较分析来自青海不同产区的4个乐都长辣椒品系(LD1、LD2、LD3、LD4)的农艺性状,解析该资源当前的种质分化情况并就此探讨下一步对其保护和利用的对策。结果表明：（1）纯种乐都长辣椒LD1相对于其他3个品系具有良好的综合农艺性状,LD1的农艺性状综合评价最高为0.55,LD2次之为0.54,LD3最低为0.34。（2）供试的乐都长辣椒4个品系间已存在显著的农艺性状变异,种质分化明显,急需提纯复壮和创新改良。它们的单株产量和单果重的变异系数较大,分别为19.61%和19.70%,果肉厚度次之为16.56%,果实纵径变异系数最小为3.08%。（3）乐都长辣椒的产量与单株果数、果肉厚度和单果重呈极显著正相关,辣椒单果重与果肉厚度、商品果横径呈极显著正相关。可优先考虑在增加单株果数、果实横径及果肉厚度等方面着力,以提纯复壮和创新改良乐都长辣椒种质。     

辣椒属栽培种主要表型性状的评价与相关分析

为掌握辣椒表型性状变化特点及其相互关系,对辣椒属5个栽培种96份材料的14个表型性状进行了评价和相关分析,结果表明：14个表型性状具有较高的遗传多态性,其变异系数（CV）范围在14.0%（叶形指数）~135.0%（单果重）之间;果实性状与株型性状之间存在较为复杂的相关关系,因此,在辣椒遗传改良中,应根据育种目标对表型性状进行合理的选择。     

The effect of deficit irrigation on crop yield and vegetative development of Olea europaea L. (cvs. Frantoio and Leccino)

Water is the most important environmental constrain determining plant growth and fruit yield of olive tree plantations. Although olive trees are resilient to water-limited conditions of Mediterranean-type agroecosystems, crop yields may respond positively to any additional water up to a limit. A field experiment on olive trees was carried out with the aim to present guidelines for efficient management of irrigation scheduling, based on the relationship between plant water status and optimum fruit yield. These relationships were monitored during 2 years by analysing the influence of deficit irrigation strategies on vegetative development and yield parameters on mature modern-trained olive trees of cvs. Frantoio and Leccino. Treatments were: a non-irrigated control (rainfed) and three treatments that received seasonal water amount equivalent to 33, 66 and 100% of ET_C in the period August–September, from the beginning of pit hardening to early fruit veraison. Atmospheric evaporative demand and soil moisture conditions were regularly monitored. Seasonal dynamics of plant water relations varied among treatments, and responded to variations in tree water status, soil moisture conditions and atmospheric evaporative demand. All measurements of tree water status were highly correlated with one another. Differences in yield between treatments indicated that water availability might have affected fruit weight before flowering or during the early stages of fruit growth rather than later in summer season. Results concerning crop yield revealed that irrigation of olive trees from the beginning of pit hardening could be recommended, at least in the experimental conditions of this study and in view of differences between genotypes.     

放牧对西天山野果林下物种多样性及土壤的影响

探究不同强度放牧干扰下西天山野果林下植物群落物种多样性和土壤因子间的关系,为后期野果林的恢复和保护提供理论依据。以西天山野果林下植物为研究对象,依照放牧强度的划分方法,采用典型样地法,选择12个典型样地布置草本样方。以林下植物群落物种重要值指数、物种多样性指数和土壤因子作为评价指标,对比研究轻度（距离牧民居住点2~3 km）、中度（距离牧民居住点1~2 km）、重度（距离牧民居住点0~1 km）3种放牧干扰强度下群落结构、物种多样性和土壤因子的变化,进而分析植物群落物种多样性和土壤因子间的关系。结果表明,随着放牧强度的增加,群落植物组成发生明显变化,植物群落中优势种禾本科狗牙根和豆科车轴草逐渐被菊科蒲公英所取代;西天山野果林林下植物群落物种多样性水平呈逐渐下降的趋势;群落土壤理化性质差异明显,其中有机质、全氮含量表现出先降低后升高的趋势,全钾含量则表现出逐渐升高的趋势。研究认为,土壤中全钾含量和N/K是限制野果林群落多样性的主要土壤因子,这很可能与家畜排泄物的归还作用有关。     

The effect of deficit irrigation on crop yield and vegetative development of Olea europaea L. (cvs. Frantoio and Leccino)

Water is the most important environmental constrain determining plant growth and fruit yield of olive tree plantations. Although olive trees are resilient to water-limited conditions of Mediterranean-type agroecosystems, crop yields may respond positively to any additional water up to a limit. A field experiment on olive trees was carried out with the aim to present guidelines for efficient management of irrigation scheduling, based on the relationship between plant water status and optimum fruit yield. These relationships were monitored during 2 years by analysing the influence of deficit irrigation strategies on vegetative development and yield parameters on mature modern-trained olive trees of cvs. Frantoio and Leccino. Treatments were: a non-irrigated control (rainfed) and three treatments that received seasonal water amount equivalent to 33, 66 and 100% of ET_C in the period August–September, from the beginning of pit hardening to early fruit veraison. Atmospheric evaporative demand and soil moisture conditions were regularly monitored. Seasonal dynamics of plant water relations varied among treatments, and responded to variations in tree water status, soil moisture conditions and atmospheric evaporative demand. All measurements of tree water status were highly correlated with one another. Differences in yield between treatments indicated that water availability might have affected fruit weight before flowering or during the early stages of fruit growth rather than later in summer season. Results concerning crop yield revealed that irrigation of olive trees from the beginning of pit hardening could be recommended, at least in the experimental conditions of this study and in view of differences between genotypes.     

草莓果实主要数量性状变异及相关性研究

以露地栽培的82份草莓品种(系)为材料,对其主要数量性状的变异、分布规律及相关性进行了研究和分析。结果表明,草莓果实硬度、可溶性固形物、平均单果重、最大单果重和单株产量基本呈正态分布,不同性状的变异不同;果实硬度与平均单果重、单株产量分别呈显著正相关和极显著正相关,平均单果重与最大单果重及单株产量均呈极显著正相关,最大单果重与单株产量呈极显著正相关。此研究为草莓育种的亲本选配和杂交后代预先选择提供了依据。     

机采棉主要农艺性状与密度相关性分析

为研究棉花适宜机采农艺性状与密度的相关性,明确通过密度塑造适宜机采株型的方法,采用大田试验,以K836为试验材料,设计3×10 ⁴、6×10 ⁴和9×10 ⁴株/hm ² 3个密度处理,研究密度对机采棉子棉产量的影响及其与机采棉主要农艺性状的相关性分析。结果表明,在本研究密度范围内,棉花株高、果枝长度、果枝第一节位长度、果枝节数、单株果枝数和单株干物质量随着密度的增加而下降,密度对第一果枝节位和果枝夹角没有显著影响。与低密度（3×10 ⁴株/hm ²）相比,高密度处理（9×10 ⁴株/hm ²）棉花单铃重降低,衣分提高,单株铃数降低,总铃数增加,密度对子棉产量没有显著影响。除第一果枝高度外,株高、第一果枝节位、果枝长度、果枝第一节位长度、果枝节数、果枝夹角、单株果枝数与单株干物质量和单株铃数呈正相关,与单铃重和子棉产量呈负相关,其中果枝长度和单株果枝数呈极显著正相关。因此,适当增加种植密度使棉花株高降低,果枝变短,株型更为紧凑,可以通过密度塑造适合机械采收的株型,冀南地区高密度（9×10 ⁴株/hm ²）处理棉花株型符合机采要求。     

水分胁迫及复水对绿洲膜下滴灌辣椒动态生长、产量及水分利用的影响

为了研究水分胁迫对露天膜下滴灌辣椒生长、产量形成和水分利用效率的影响,在辣椒苗期和开花坐果期均分别施加轻度水分胁迫(65%~75%田间持水量)、中度水分胁迫(55%~65%田间持水量)和重度水分胁迫(45%~55%田间持水量),全生育期充分供水处理(75%~85%田间持水量)为对照,分别测定各水分处理辣椒不同生育期末生长指标(株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和单株干物质积累量)以及青果总产量和水分利用效率,并用三次曲线模拟了辣椒各生长指标在全生育期内的动态变化过程。结果表明:三次曲线能够较好地反映不同水分处理下辣椒各生长指标随时间的动态变化。苗期和开花坐果期一定程度水分胁迫能导致辣椒在水分胁迫时段株高、茎粗和叶面积指数显著(P0.05)小于CK组,后期复水后,由于辣椒产生补偿性生长,苗期轻度和中度水分胁迫处理以及开花坐果期轻度水分胁迫处理辣椒,各生长指标增长速率在一定时间内超过CK组,最终辣椒产量和单株结果数均与CK组之间无显著差异(P0.05),且辣椒平均单果重分别比CK组显著高18.48%,22.49%,14.14%。苗期和开花坐果期水分胁迫,均能提高辣椒根冠比和果实干物质分配指数并减少辣椒全生育期灌水量和耗水量,特别是苗期中度水分胁迫处理,在不显著降低产量的情况下,灌水量和耗水量分别比CK组显著低12.36%和11.51%,且水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率均最高,分别比CK显著高8.61%和9.66%,因此,在苗期施加中度水分胁迫,后期充分灌水是实现绿洲辣椒节水、高产和高效栽培的一种较优灌溉方式。