‘早胜牛’微卫星基因位点遗传多样性分析

为了从分子水平上分析‘早胜牛’的遗传多样性,采用PCR技术和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检测了‘早胜牛’IDVGA46、ILSTS005、IDVGA27、TGLA44、IDVGA2、BM2113和ETH10这7个微卫星位点的多态性分布,并计算‘早胜牛’各个微卫星位点基因座的等位基因数、有效等位基因数、期望杂合度、多态信息含量。结果显示:112头‘早胜牛’样品在7个微卫星位点上共有25个等位基因,平均等位基因数为3.5714,平均有效等位基因数为3.0004,平均期望杂合度为0.6996,平均多态信息含量为0.6526。分析结果表明‘早胜牛’群体的遗传杂合度比较高,遗传多样性丰富,所选的微卫星座位点可用于‘早胜牛’遗传多样性评估。     

云南野生大蜜蜂(Apis dorsata)群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

为了阐明大蜜蜂的群体遗传特征,评价云南地区大蜜蜂的遗传多样性,本研究利用14对微卫星引物对采自云南省的35群野生大蜜蜂进行了群体遗传变异检测和遗传多样性分析。在大蜜蜂群体中共检测到51个等位基因,平均等位基因数为3.642 9,平均有效等位基因数2.809 2,平均期望杂合度为0.573 0,平均多态信息含量为0.524 3。根据Nei’s遗传距离用UPGMA方法对35群大蜜蜂进行亲缘关系分析,结果聚为A,B,C,D共4个支系。结果表明云南大蜜蜂群体遗传多样性相对贫乏,分化程度较低。     

大龙虎泡野生日本沼虾遗传多样性分析

为了深入了解本地日本沼虾的遗传特性,为育种选育提供理论支撑,利用微卫星分子标记技术,对大龙虎泡日本沼虾进行遗传多样性比较分析。结果显示,12个微卫星位点均属于高多态性位点(PIC>0.5);太湖2号养殖群体的等位基因数为4～11,有效等位基因为3.686 4～7.480 5,观测杂合度为0.318 2～0.833 3,期望杂合度为0.744 9～0.884 8;各位点的多态性为0.691 9～0.851 7,属于高遗传多样性的群体。大龙虎泡野生群体等位基因数为1～2,有效等位基因为1.00 0 0～2.000 0,观测杂合度为0.000 0～1.000 0,期望杂合度为0.000 0～0.517 2,各位点的多态性为0.000 0～0.375 0,属于遗传多样性较低的群体。2个群体均有7个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,大龙虎泡野生群体另出现3个位点无法进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验。太湖2号养殖群体的7个位点表现出来的是杂合子缺失,大龙虎泡野生群体的7个表现的是杂合子过剩。分子方差分析显示,有36.15%(P<0.01)的遗传变异来源于群体间,而6...     

秦川牛微卫星基因位点遗传多样性分析

利用PCR 技术和电泳银染技术检测了秦川牛BM2113、IDVGA2、TGLA44、IDVGA27、ETH10、ILSTS005、和IDVGA46等7个微卫星位点的多态性分布,计算了各个基因座的表观及期望杂合度、有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、固定指数和Shannon信息熵。结果显示,秦秦川牛群体的遗传杂合度较高,遗传多样性丰富,所选微卫星位点可用于秦川牛遗传多样性评估。     

利用FIASCO技术进行波纹巴非蛤微卫星

为揭示波纹巴非蛤种质遗传特性、开发种质库,利用FIASCO(Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats)技术开展了其基因组微卫星标记的分离与筛选研究。基因组DNA经限制性内切酶Mse I 酶切后与接头连接,用生物素标记的(CA)15或(AAG)7探针与其杂交,然后用磁珠富集、洗脱获得单链目的片段,经PCR扩增后形成双链,最后进行克隆转化,构建微卫星富集文库。挑选克隆用探针引物(CA)15或(AAG)7和载体引物进行PCR筛选,测序得到含有微卫星DNA的序列,根据序列设计和合成微卫星引物,进行引物适用性分析,并分析了湛江群体的遗传结构。结果表明,8对微卫星引物在湛江群体共检测到108个等位基因,每个位点等位基因数为5~19,期望杂合度为0.666~0.926,观测杂合度为0.400~0.882,4个位点(Pun4,Pun5,Pun6,Pun7)显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡(P<0.00625);PIC介于0.62~0.92,所有位点均属于高度多态位点(PIC>0.5)。说明FIASCO技术适合于波纹巴非蛤微卫星标记的分离与筛选,筛选得到的8个微卫星位点能用于波纹巴非蛤遗传多样性分析及野生群体与养殖群体的群体结构分析。     

福建黄兔的遗传多态性及分类

用8个微卫星标记对福建黄兔的等位基因频率、多态信息含量、杂合度和有效等位基因数等指标进行统计分析,并在此基础上对其进行聚类分析和分类研究。结果表明：（1）8个微卫星标记在所检测的福建黄兔群体中都表现出较丰富的多态性,在6个群体微卫星标记的平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.6622(0.5723~0.7222),各群体的PIC差异不显著;全部群体平均杂合度为0.6857(0.5904~0.7267)。这显示黄兔群体的多态信息含量、杂合度等指标有较好的一致性,说明福建黄兔品种内在微卫星位点上均具有丰富的遗传多样性。（2）根据奈氏标准遗传距离,并进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果显示6个群体间的遗传变异不大。福建黄兔地方品种在微卫星位点上具有丰富的遗传多样性;从遗传距离及聚类分析结果表明这些群体黄兔属于同一个地方品种。     

利用微卫星标记分析建鲤种质资源的研究

为了评估和合理利用建鲤种质资源。从建鲤繁育群体中随机选取185尾鱼,用20个微卫星位点进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：20个微卫星位点在该群体中所检测到的等位基因片段长度在114~316 bp,共检测出156个等位基因和402种基因型,各位点等位基因数为5~13个,平均7.8个,基因型数10~44种,平均20.1种;各位点观察杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)分别在0.346~0.978和0.619~0.880之间,平均分别为0.6434和0.757;所检测的20个位点多态信息含量(PIC)在0.552~0.868之间,平均为0.7253,都属于高度多态位点(PIC>0.5)。实验结果表明,该建鲤繁育群体多态信息含量丰富,遗传多样性水平较高,具有较大的选育潜力。群体内平均固定系数(FIS)为0.1479,说明该建鲤群体存在杂合子缺失现象。根据个体间的遗传距离构建的聚类图可以清楚地显示每个个体之间的遗传差异,这可为建鲤保种和繁殖配组提供依据,避免近交现象。     

SPF莱航鸡种群的微卫星多态性分析

【研究目的】利用5个微卫星位点对两个SPF莱航鸡封闭群进行了遗传检测,探讨群体内的遗传多态性,以期为实验用鸡遗传质量监测提供理论依据。【方法】PCR扩增后用ABI-3100Avant全自动基因分析仪进行电泳检测,用Genemapper3.1软件进行片段大小分析,收集电泳结果并进行基因分型。【结果】5个微卫星标记在A、B两个鸡群中共检测到20个等位基因,平均为4个;两个鸡群的平均杂合度为0.6211,平均多态信息含量为0.6663,表明所选标记在SPF莱航鸡群中有较高的多态性;adl176位点的180峰仅出现在A群中,188、191两峰在两个群体中的频率相差极大,可作为品系鉴定的理想引物。【结论】大部分微卫星具有多态性,若进行大范围筛查,必能找到一些特异位点为遗传监测所用。     

Study on Genetic Polymorphism of Two Chicken Populations in Guyuan District Using Microsatellite

利用微卫星标记对中国宁夏固原地区地方品种鸡固原鸡和培育品种鸡固原红鸡两个群体DNA水平上的遗传多态性进行了研究,探讨群体内的遗传多态性,为种质资源的保护、开发、利用等提供理论依据。结果表明,利用微卫星标记分析6个位点,共检测到38个等位基因,固原鸡和固原红鸡分别发现29个和20个等位基因;平均有效等位基因数分别为4.6983和3.9385个;群体内平均杂合度分别为0.7198和0.6944。固原鸡和固原红鸡平均多态信含量分别为0.6456和0.5584,表明两个鸡群均为高度多态,均具有较为丰富的遗传多态性。     

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 利用微卫星标记对中国宁夏固原地区地方品种鸡固原鸡和培育品种鸡固原红鸡两个群体DNA水平上的遗传多态性进行了研究，探讨群体内的遗传多态性，为种质资源的保护、开发、利用等提供理论依据。结果表明，利用微卫星标记分析6个位点，共检测到38个等位基因，固原鸡和固原红鸡分别发现29个和20个等位基因；平均有效等位基因数分别为4.6983和3.9385个；群体内平均杂合度分别为0.7198和0.6944。固原鸡和固原红鸡平均多态信含量分别为0.6456和0.5584，表明两个鸡群均为高度多态，均具有较为丰富的遗传多态性。     

The genetic diversity of old and modern Siberian varieties of common spring wheat as determined by microsatellite markers

The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity within old and modern common spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) varieties cultivated in Siberia and to find out whether old Siberian varieties could be a potential source for genetic diversity in modern wheat breeding in Siberia. A set of 54 varieties was analysed using 22 wheat microsatellite markers (WMS), determining 23 loci located on 19 different chromosomes. In total, 151 alleles were detected with an average of 6.6, ranging from three to 11 alleles per locus. The average genetic diversity value (polymorphic information content) was 0.70. WMS located in the B genome produced more alleles per locus (7.6) compared with WMS located in the A (6.0) and D (6.0) genomes. Genetic similarity values between varieties ranged from 0.19 to 0.96 and were used to produce a dendrogram. With a few exceptions the varieties studied were clustered in two nearly equal groups consisting of predominantly old (released before 1960) and modern (released in 1960‐90s) varieties, respectively. Genetic diversity values within these two groups were similar with 0.60 and 0.58, respectively. The numbers of group‐specific alleles were 34 and 29, respectively. A significant variation in frequencies of 79 shared alleles was observed. The results obtained by using genomic microsatellite sequences demonstrated that breeding has not resulted in a decrease in the genetic diversity in Siberian spring wheat. However, significant quantitative and qualitative changes in allelic frequencies of different loci were detected. It may be suggested, that old Siberian common spring wheat varieties are a potential basis for genetic diversity in modern wheat breeding in Siberia.     

High level of natural variation in a groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm collection assayed by selected informative SSR markers

The ability to identify genetic variation is indispensable for effective management and use of genetic resources in crop breeding. Genetic variation among 189 groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) accessions comprising landraces, cultivars, a mutant, advanced breeding lines and others (unknown genetic background) representing 29 countries and 10 geographical regions was assessed at 25 microsatellite or simple sequence repeat loci. A high number of alleles (265) were detected in the range of 3 (Ah1TC6G09) to 20 (Ah1TC11H06) with an average of 10.6 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content value at these loci varied from 0.38 (Ah1TC6G09) to 0.88 (Ah1TC11H06) with an average of 0.70. A total of 59 unique alleles and 127 rare alleles were detected at almost all the loci assayed. Cluster analysis grouped 189 accessions into four clusters. In general, genotypes of South America and South Asia showed high level of diversity. Extraordinary level of natural genetic variation reported here provides opportunities to the groundnut community to make better decisions and define suitable strategies for harnessing the genetic variation in groundnut breeding.     

利用微卫星和线粒体DNA标记研究山羊群体间的遗传关系

本研究利用微卫星和线粒体DNA分析山羊的遗传多样性及系统进化关系,用25个微卫星位点分析了安哥拉山羊、山东莱芜黑山羊、罕山白绒山羊、太行山羊及乌珠穆沁绒山羊这5个山羊品种的遗传多样性,共祖遗传距离的UPGMA聚类表明遗传距离和地理距离是一致的,如内蒙的罕山白绒山羊和乌珠穆沁绒山羊聚到一起。利用线粒体DNA分析安哥拉山羊、山东莱芜黑山羊、鲁北白山羊、太行山羊及乌珠穆沁绒山羊,揭示这5个山羊品种分成A和C 2个支系,并进行了群体结构和群体扩张分析。通过比较2种分子标记的分析结果,发现利用微卫星来研究群体的遗传多样性及品种间的关系具有较高的准确性,而线粒体在研究群体系统进化具有一定的优势,在分析品种间关系方面可能不是理想标记。     

Genetic variation in root morphology and microsatellite DNA loci in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Vietnam

Drought is a major constraint to the productivity of rice in upland ecosystems. The rice root system plays an important role in the regulation of water uptake and extraction from deep soil layers. The aim of this research was to study the variation in root morphology and the genetic diversity in upland rice accessions. Thirty-three upland rice accessions originated from Vietnam along with 13 selected upland rice lines from several other countries were used in this study. Variation in root morphology was observed in most of the investigated root traits such as maximum root length, total root dry weight, deep root to shoot ratio, and total root to shoot ratio. Most of the traits showed significant correlation and appeared interrelated. Genetic diversity among upland rice accessions was studied with microsatellite markers. Forty-one alleles were detected with 14 rice microsatellite primer pairs among all the rice accessions. Two dendrograms have been created based on 35 microsatellite alleles and 10 morphological traits data for 38 accessions and compared. These results provided useful information for the selection of suitable cross combinations for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to drought resistance in upland rice.     

陕西省野生大豆种质资源的SSR遗传多样性研究

为了研究陕西地区野生大豆的遗传多样性特点,利用SSR分子标记分析了陕西省6个野生大豆(Glycine soja)天然种群和1个栽培大豆(Glycine max)种群的遗传结构与遗传多样性。结果显示：13个位点共检测出113个等位基因,平均每个位点的等位基因数(A)为8.69个,等位基因数目范围为4~13个,有效等位基因数(N_e)范围为2.135(Satt590)~9.385 (Satt487),平均有效等因基因数为5.623;观察杂合度(H_o)变化范围为0.033~0.121,平均为0.080;预期杂合度(H_e)的变化范围为0.312~0.658,平均为0.482;种群平均Shannon遗传多样性指数(I)为0.657;野生大豆种群基因多样度比率(F_ST)为0.465。该研究显示,陕西省野生大豆具有较高水平的遗传多样性,野生大豆的遗传多样性普遍高于栽培大豆;随着海拔的不断升高,野生大豆遗传多样性变低;陕西中部、南部的野生大豆种质资源丰富、种群具有较高的遗传多样性,推测该区域为陕西省野生大豆的遗传多样性中心。     

海南两个自然保护区野生荔枝遗传多样性研究

采用常规聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对海南吊罗山和霸王岭两个国家级自然保护区野生荔枝等位酶遗传多样性进行了研究。13个酶系统、18个酶位点的检测结果表明,两个自然保护区野生荔枝具有较低的居群间遗传变异水平和较高的居群内遗传变异。吊罗山保护区野生荔枝的遗传多样性参数为:P=61.1%,A=2.05,He=0.27。霸王岭居群野生荔枝的遗传多样性参数为:P=61.1%,A=2.05,He=0.28。两个群体的遗传分化极小,GST=0.047.居群间遗传一致度较高I=0.977。共检测到7个稀有等位基因。两个自然保护区的野生荔枝均有各自特有的稀有等位基因,都应采取措施予以保护。