陕西省野生大豆种质资源的SSR遗传多样性研究

为了研究陕西地区野生大豆的遗传多样性特点，利用SSR分子标记分析了陕西省6个野生大豆(Glycine soja)天然种群和1个栽培大豆(Glycine max)种群的遗传结构与遗传多样性。结果显示：13个位点共检测出113个等位基因，平均每个位点的等位基因数(A)为8.69个，等位基因数目范围为4~13个，有效等位基因数(N_e)范围为2.135(Satt590)~9.385 (Satt487)，平均有效等因基因数为5.623；观察杂合度(H_o)变化范围为0.033~0.121，平均为0.080；预期杂合度(H_e)的变化范围为0.312~0.658，平均为0.482；种群平均Shannon遗传多样性指数(I)为0.657；野生大豆种群基因多样度比率(F_ST)为0.465。该研究显示，陕西省野生大豆具有较高水平的遗传多样性，野生大豆的遗传多样性普遍高于栽培大豆；随着海拔的不断升高，野生大豆遗传多样性变低；陕西中部、南部的野生大豆种质资源丰富、种群具有较高的遗传多样性，推测该区域为陕西省野生大豆的遗传多样性中心。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Glycine soja Germplasm Resources in Shaanxi Province

In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of the wild soybean (Glycine soja) in different regions of Shaanxi Province, the genetic diversity and genetic structure among 6 natural populations of wild soybean and 1 population of cultivated soybean (Glycine max) were analyzed by molecular markers of SSR. 113 alleles were detected in 13 microsatellite loci; the mean number of alleles per locus (A) was 8.69; the effective number of alleles per locus (N_e) was 5.632; the mean expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.482; and the mean observed heterozygosity per locus (H_o) was 0.080. The Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.657, with the proportion of genetic differentiation among populations (F_ST) as 46.5%. The research shows that the genetic diversity of wild soybean has a higher level in Shaanxi Province. The genetic diversity of wild soybean is generally higher than that of cultivated soybean. Along with the altitude increasing, the genetic diversity of wild soybean variation is declining. The wild soybean germplasm resource is rich in central and southern Shaanxi Province, and the population has high genetic diversity, therefore, it is speculated that the region is the center of genetic diversity of wild soybean in Shaanxi Province.