液态氧增氧技术养殖大菱鲆的效果分析

以大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）幼鱼为材料,以充空气作对比,分析液态氧增氧对养殖动物生长的影响。设置充空气（6-9mg/L）、液态氧I（6-9mg/L）和液态氧II（15-20mg/L）3个处理,定期检测水环境因子及大菱鲆生长相关指标。溶解氧（DO）含量在6-9mg/L范围内,液态氧增氧系统大菱鲆的体重（37.35g〉34.86g）、存活率（100%〉99%）、肥满度（4.50〉4.33）及饵料转化率（FCE,14.3%〉13.3%）等均高于充空气系统;DO含量为15-20mg/L时,大菱鲆的体重（32.03g）、存活率（94%）、肥满度（4.25）及FCE（11.1%）等均低于两6-9mg/LDO组。说明较低DO含量（6-9mg/L）下,液态氧促进大菱鲆的生长、提高成活率和FCE。7个月的养殖试验发现,液态氧系统中大菱鲆体长（21.71cm〉19.16cm）、体重（500.20g〉305.92g）、成活率（98%〉87%）、肥满度（4.90〉4.35）和FCE（118%〉62%）均显著高于充空气系统。DO含量6-9mg/L范围内,利用液态氧养殖大菱鲆可以加快生长、提高成活率和FCE。     

增氧对水培棉花生长的影响研究

通过水培试验研究增氧对棉花生长的影响;试验设计3种增氧方式,分别为持续性增氧(Physical continuous oxygen,PCO)、间歇性增氧(Physical oxygen,PO),化学增氧(Chemical oxygen,CO),种棉花不增氧CK,不种棉花不增氧CK0;研究结果表明,不同增氧方式对营养液中溶解氧浓度都有不同程度的提高,表现为PCOPOCOCK;PCO处理对根体积、根系总吸收面积、根活性面积、根系生物量、株高、地上部生物量、氮和钾的吸收量的促进作用均达到显著水平,分别比CK增加了194.62%、261.89%、301.73%、57.15%、22.76%、38.03%、35.27%、84.78%;间歇性增氧PO处理对根系生物量、株高、地上部分生物量的促进作用显著,分别比CK高30.83%、15.65%、21.19%。通过以上结果表明,棉花对氧的需求敏感,不同增氧方式均能在一定程度上促进棉花生长,其中持续性增氧效果尤为突出,特别是对棉花生物量的积累,说明增氧可以提升棉花生长潜力。     

对虾工厂化养殖与池塘养殖环境差异及简易水处理系统效果分析

【研究目的】为比较分析对虾工厂化养殖与池塘养殖环境的差异及探讨简易水处理系统的处理效果;【方法】试验借住常规的水质检测方法,对比两系统水质因子,分析处理系统废水处理前后各水质因子的变化。【结果】工厂化养殖排放废水DO含量的变化范围为7.1 mg/L ~ 12.6 mg/L;池塘养殖排放废水DO含量的变化范围为2.9 mg/L ~ 4.8 mg/L,远低于工厂化养殖。池塘养殖废水TSS含量的变化范围为100.4 mg/L ~ 140.0 mg/L;工厂化养殖废水TSS含量的变化范围为172.6 mg/L ~ 220.4 mg/L。方差分析表明,工厂化养殖废水的TSS含量显著高于池塘养殖 （F=126.393, P=0.000<0.01）;工厂化养殖排放废水的总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量显著高于池塘养殖（F=17.009, P=0.001<0.05）。经沉淀池处理后,TSS含量降低了66.9;经栽培有裙带菜的养殖槽,废水中TAN、NO2-N、NO3-N和PO4-P分别降低了58.1.0%、43.0%、55.9% 和29.1%。【结论】来自工厂化养殖的废水含有较多的污染物质,直接排放可能对环境的危害更大;该实验设计的简易水处理系统具有较好的处理效果。     

不同增氧处理对‘深优9586’杂交水稻氮磷钾吸收利用的试验研究

为了探索不同增氧处理对杂交水稻吸收利用氮、磷、钾的影响,以杂交水稻‘深优9586’为研究对象,采用模拟微区试验,对植株中的氮磷钾含量、土壤中的碱解氮含量进行对比研究。结果表明:不同增氧处理所收割每兜籽粒总重较常规对照组能实现增产23.27%~88.34%,收割时土壤碱解氮含量较常规对照组提高了9.09%~51.60%,说明增氧处理不仅有利于促进杂交水稻对营养元素氮磷钾的吸收利用,促进干物质的积累,达到提高产量的目的,还有利于提高土壤的速效氮含量,在常规对照处理组的碱解氮含量低于移栽前土壤背景值情况下,所有增氧处理组收割后土壤中的碱解氮含量均大于移栽前土壤背景值。该试验更准确地反映了真实生长环境下不同增氧处理对杂交水稻吸收利用氮磷钾的规律。     

不同铵硝比的氮素营养对菠菜产量和可溶性草酸含量的影响

【目的】采用水培试验,研究了不同铵硝比的氮素营养对菠菜产量和可溶性草酸含量的影响。【方法】用5种不同铵硝比的氮素营养处理菠菜幼苗,36d后采集样本,观察不同铵硝比的氮素营养对菠菜产量和草酸含量的影响。【结果】（1）从铵硝比100:0到0:100,随着营养液中硝态氮比例的增加,菠菜地上部鲜重不断增加,铵硝比为0:100时,菠菜的产量最高,地上部单株鲜重平均值为6.2g,分别是铵硝比为25:75和100:0处理的1.2倍和5.9倍;（2）随着铵硝比的降低,菠菜茎叶中可溶态草酸的含量是逐渐降低的,在铵硝比为25:75时,菠菜茎叶中草酸含量最低,之后又呈现上升趋势。营养液中硝态氮占全氮的百分数和菠菜茎叶中可溶态草酸含量之间呈现出显著的二次曲线相关。【结论】铵硝比越低,菠菜产量越高;铵硝比为25:75时,菠菜茎叶中草酸含量最低     

连续增氧对不同基因型水稻分蘖期生长和氮代谢酶活性的影响

为明确氧对不同基因型水稻生长和氮素代谢的作用机理,以籼稻、粳稻和旱稻品种为材料,采用营养液培养,考察根际连续增氧水稻分蘖期生长和氮代谢状况。结果表明,连续增氧后,各水稻品种叶绿素含量均有所下降,国稻1号(籼稻)地上部分和根系干物质重分别降低44%和40%,巴西陆稻(旱稻)和秀水09 (粳稻)降低不显著。国稻1号和巴西陆稻的氮积累量分别降低35.8%和36.0%。各基因型水稻叶片NRA (硝酸还原酶活性)显著提高,GSA (谷酰胺合成酶活性)下降。秀水09,叶片NRA增加较少(P>0.05)。连续增氧提高了水稻根比表面积和氧化强度;但降低了叶片叶绿素含量和GSA,不利于水稻氮素吸收和干物质积累。不同基因型水稻对连续增氧的响应存在差异。     

流动注射分析法和传统方法测定土壤中N的比较研究

采用FIAstar 5000流动注射分析仪和传统方法（氧化镁浸提-扩散法、酚二磺酸比色法和镀铜镉还原-重氮化耦合比色法）分别测定了同一流域内不同利用类型土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮的含量,通过样品均值、测试误差、回收率和标准偏差等指标对两种方法进行比较研究。结果表明,流动注射分析仪在测定土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮时,分析速度快且仪器具有较好的稳定性（5次平行次数内结果RSD＜5％）。从分析结果的准确性看,采用流动注射分析仪分析土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮时,与传统方法也具有可比性,样品回收率分别为98.5~102.0%和96.7~98.3%。在测定土壤亚硝态氮时,流动注射分析法仪器稳定较差（5次平行次数内结果RSD＞6％）,且分析结果普遍偏低,需要进行必要的校正。因此,在大批量测定土壤样品铵态氮、硝态氮时,用流动注射分析法是可行的,但测定亚硝态氮含量时,存在较大的误差,需要进行校正。     

星河纳米增氧器在水稻上的浸种发芽初报

用星河纳米增氧器对10个水稻品种进行了浸种处理,结果表明:稻种发芽势和发芽率提高明显;与对照清水浸种相比,星河纳米增氧器浸种后第5天,芽鲜重、芽宽度、芽长并无差异,至第10天,星河纳米增氧器浸种的10个稻种品种中有7个或7个以上表现为不同程度的芽鲜重增加、芽宽度增粗、芽长增长现象;星河纳米增氧器对不同水稻品种浸种发芽的影响存在较大差异,且同一品种在发芽势、发芽率、芽鲜重、芽宽度、芽长等5个指标的改善上也有所不同.星河纳米增氧器是一个具有较大开发潜力的新型浸种辅助器材.     

叶面施氮对棉花根系吸收硝态氮的影响

【目的】探讨叶面施用不同形态氮素的肥料对棉花根系吸收硝态氮及棉株生长的影响。【方法】采用营养液培养法,利用15N同位素示踪技术开展氮素吸收研究,设置叶面施用同等氮浓度的铵态氮、硝态氮和酰胺态氮及清水(对照)4个处理。【结果】叶面施氮处理6 d后,叶面施氮处理棉株地上部氮含量和整株氮含量显著高于对照;棉株地上部、根及整株氮素积累量以叶面施用铵态氮处理最高,但各处理间没有显著差异。同位素示踪结果显示,铵态氮处理棉株地上部和根系中15N积累量分别为0.794 mg·株-1和0.318 mg·株-1,高于对照和酰胺态氮处理,且显著高于硝态氮处理;叶面施氮后,铵态氮处理棉株积累通过根系吸收的氮素约为11.35mg·株-1,较对照吸收氮素效率约提升28.0%,酰胺态氮和硝态氮处理较对照分别降低9.5%和20.5%。但是叶面施氮类型没有影响棉株对根系吸收硝态氮的分配,各处理棉株地上部和根系中分配根系吸收氮素的比例约为7∶3。【结论】在本试验条件下,叶面施用铵态氮能够促进棉苗根系对硝态氮的吸收利用。     

微气泡增氧装置的试验研究

针对市面上增氧装置体积大,能耗高等问题,笔者根据射流泵技术原理设计了一款微气泡增氧装置。装置主体分为4个部分,并通过试验确定了装置4个部分的最优参数组合。结果表明:液体流量为4.23 m3/h,装置喉嘴距为40 mm,喉管长为120 mm时,增氧效果最佳,其溶氧量为11.23 mg/L,超过了试验水温度为12℃时的饱和溶氧量10.83 mg/L,达到超饱和状态。装置增氧效果明显,且结构简单,体积小,因此该装置在水产养殖、污水处理、农业增氧灌溉等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Influence Of Tillage On Soil Aeration

Air- porosity of soil can be altered by tillage. Therefore, it plays a significant role in protecting plants against deficient aeration during critical periods of their life cycle. The effect of five tillage treatments (mouldboard, cultivator, rotary tiller, wedge and zero tillage) and three mulch treatments (paddy straw, rice husk and bare) on the soil oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) during the various growth phases of peanut crop ( Arachis Hypogaea L.) were investigated on a lateritic sandy loam soil (utilsol). These experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons. ODR values were higher in tilled plots. Among tillage treatments, the highest ODR was recorded under mouldboard (60.51 × 10^-8 g cm^-2 min^-1), followed closely by cultivator (57.65 × 10^-8g cm^-2 min^-1), and it was lowest under rotary tiller (46.29 × 10^-8 g cm^-2 min^-1). During the later growth stages and also in lower soil depths, the differences between the values of ODR narrowed down. Among mulch treatments, plots with rice husk (53.98 × 10^-8 g cm^-2 min^-1), had the higher ODR values. Bulk density was lower, whereas total and aeration porosity were higher, under mouldboard and cultivator. Soil temperatures were also higher under mouldboard and cultivator tilled plots.     

Soil Aeration under Different Soil Surface Conditions

The assessment of the importance of soil aeration for various plant characteristics and environmental conditions is necessary to evaluate the oxygen relations to the crops. The root environment as a solid-liquid matrix depends upon soil structure and moisture condition. A limited oxygen supply restricts the root development and also reduces the nitrogen fixation in peanuts. Soil surface conditions can be altered by mulching and plays a significant role in protecting the plants against deficient aeration during critical periods of growth phases. The effects of eight mulching treatments (rice husk, rice husk-incorporated, paddy straw, sawdust, water mulch, clear polyethylene, black polyethylene and control) on the soil oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) during the various growth phases of peanut crop ( Arachis hypogaea L.) were investigated on a lateritic sandy loam soil (ultisols). These experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons. ODR values were higher in mulched plots. With the progress of growth stages and also in deeper soil depths, the differences between the values of ODR among treatments narrowed down. The influence of mulches on other physical edaphic properties like bulk density, aeration (noncapillary) porosity and soil temperature were also studied. Mulches reduced the surface crusting and thereby soil bulk density; and increased the aeration porosity and ODR. Soil temperature was higher under plastic mulches whereas vegetative mulches suppressed it.     

通气对土壤肥力质量影响的研究进展

肥力是土壤的基本属性,土壤肥力质量及其影响因素研究对农业高产、稳产具有重要意义。土壤“通气”状况,是影响土壤肥力质量的四大因素之一,越来越受到研究者重视。笔者介绍了土壤肥力质量评价指标和通气指标;通气协调土壤水、肥、热状况,控制土壤有机质的分解速度和分解产物,促进作物高产;通气方法包括物理加气、机械加气、化学加气、文丘里管加气和移动式地下滴灌加气;已有研究结果表明通气提高作物产量和品质,其机理是促进作物地上部光合作用及光合产物的积累运转、促进根系生长发育及对土壤矿质元素吸收和增加土壤微生物群落多样性及酶活性;今后需进一步研发性能优良、实用性强的加气设备,从盆栽、微区研究扩展至农田,服务于农业生产。     

Hospital Wastewater Treatment by Hydrolytic Acidification and Jet Aeration Process

The wastewater treatment plant with design capacity of 300 cubic meters per day was constructed to treat the hospital wastewater by hydrolytic acidification and jet aeration process for some hospital in Chongqing City. When the inflow wastewater concentration is 67.0 mg/L, 152.9 mg/L, 221.5 mg/L and 21.7 mg/L for BOD_5, COD_(cr), SS and NH_3-N respectively, the obtained effluent will be good enough to meet the requirement of Class I in the integrated wastewater discharge standard GB8978-1996.     

Analysis of Phosphorus Removal in the Non-backflow Intermittent Aeration System

In this paper the phosphorus removal performance has been studied in Non-backflow Intermittent Aeration System (NBIAS), when the aeration duration and SRT were adjusted. At the same time, nitrogen removal was also studied. Test results show that when the cycle duration is 6 h., anaerobic duration 1.5h. sedimentation and displacement time 0.5 h. and SRT=20 d,aerobic ratio 0.42, the removal efficiency for CODcr, nitrogen and phosphorus will be 85%, 75% and 69%, respectively.     

Application of VVVF to the Automatic Control of Aeration Brush

As VVVF (Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) used in the automatic control of aeration brush can realize the best matching of oxygen demand and oxygen supply through changing the revolving velocity of aeration brush in an oxidation ditch, as a result, the energy consuming is reduced in the greatest extent with guaranteed effluent water quality. At the same time, the feasibility and necessity of VVVF in the automatic control of aeration brush is proved. In this paper all ways of the control of aeration brush are introduced in the factual use. The energy saving can be achieved through the control of changing frequency in the automatic control ways of computer system.     

竖管通气对覆盖栽培雷竹生长的影响

探究竖管通气对覆盖栽培条件下雷竹生长的影响,为雷竹林集约化经营提供更为科学合理的技术。本试验共设置4个处理:不覆盖不通气(CK)、不覆盖通气(A)、覆盖不通气(M)、覆盖通气(MA),分析各处理的土壤氧气浓度、土壤矿质元素以及雷竹根系活力、光合参数等指标,探究通气对集约经营雷竹林生长及立地条件的影响。与不覆盖处理(CK)相比,覆盖处理(M)显著增加了土壤表层的有机质、全氮、全磷等的含量,而覆盖加通气处理(MA)则促进了土壤有机质、全氮、全磷等物质的分解;在0～10 cm、10～20 cm、20～30 cm、30～40 cm的各土层中,覆盖通气处理(MA)下的土壤氧气含量比覆盖处理(M)分别提高了：26.19%、28.36%、30.77%、26.92%(P<0.05)。MA处理下的雷竹根系活力比M处理增加了57.16%(P<0.05),叶片净光合速率增加了49.47%(P<0.05)。竖管通气显著改善了雷竹林因长期覆盖经营而引起的土壤缺氧、雷竹根系生长不良、净光合速率降低等问题。     

土壤通气性对马铃薯产量的影响及其生理机制

选用克新10号和克新11号马铃薯品种为材料，研究了土壤通气性对马铃薯某些生理特性和块茎产量形成的影响。结果证明，改善土壤通气性，可以增加功能叶片ATP含量，提高功能叶片ATP酶活性；增加块茎中ATP含量和脱落酸（ABA）含量,提高块茎中ATP酶活性。促进14C同化物由叶片向块茎的运输和分配，提高干物质在块茎中的分配率；极