Development of Management System for Network Matriculation

The management system is designed for network matriculation,which achieves data collection and electro files making.As for aspect of the hardware, a general scanner is applied. Meanwhile, as for aspect of the software, the general recognition is completed under the condition of OCR and OMR existed in the same system and the image is also saved. We applied distributed processing in the system, which possesses the characters of faster recognizing speed, higher accuracy and better generality compared to the similar system.     

Genetic studies of powdery mildew resistance in common oat (avena sativa L.) I. Cultivars and breeding lines grown in Western Europe and North America

Common oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars and breeding lines grown in Western Europe and North America were tested against twelve Erysiphe graminis f. sp. avenae mildew isolates collected in Germany and Denmark. These isolates were selected for their ability to produce differential response patterns permitting characterization of five oat mildew resistance (OMR) groups. From a total of 259 cultivars and lines tested 173 accessions showed susceptible responses, 48 accessions were characterized by susceptible or intermediate responses and 38 accessions revealed isolate-specific resistance response patterns. Eight cultivars and lines had resistance patterns of OMR group 1, six cultivars of OMR group 2, and eleven cultivars of OMR group 3. Two cultivars, each possessed resistance patterns corresponding to OMR groups 1 + 3 and 2 + 3 in combination, respectively. Three cultivars exhibited the response pattern of OMR group 3 in association with an additional unknown resistance. Eight cultivars and lines showed a resistance response pattern not yet detected in the documented OMR groups. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of outcrossing rates using genomic marker and determination of seed quality parameters in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Valeriana officinalis</Emphasis> L. s.l. under field conditions

Knowledge of the biological properties of pollination and fertilization are essential for breeding and the development of breeding concepts. In this investigation, panmictically cross-pollinated seeds of two selected combining partners of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) were produced and in the progeny, the outcrossing rates (OCR) were determined by using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis (AFLP). The previous assumption that Valeriana officinalis L. shows a predominantly high outcrossing rate (OCR) was confirmed. The OCR ranged from 76.5 to 97.7%. Several mother plants showed an OCR of 100% in their progeny. Partially involved heterozygous DNA-fragments could have led to undetected outcrossings and to a lower OCR. The preferred outcrossing direction and the individual seed amount of the mother plants may influence the performance of a seed mixture, generated by both partners as mother plants.     

Computer Aided Roll Collection Management System for Roads and Bridge

The application of Computer Aided Roll Collection Manage System for Roads and Bridge will ease workers and reduce leak of management,corruption farthest. It can improve manage level and work efficiency. It also can reduce traffic jam. This system adopts the technology of vehicle model recognition based on neural network, IC card, automatic recognition of bill based on OCR and transfer of compressed vehicle image. The technology of this system is advanced. This system has high reliability and durability and convenient.     

A cytogenetic study of bilateral sexual polyploidization in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis were cytogenetically and histologically analysed in three cassava clones:‘Rayong 1′,‘Rayong 60′,‘M. mga’ and two hybrid lines,‘OMR 3641‐1’ and ‘OMR 3641‐1’ to elucidate the evolution of sexual polyploids in cassava. At telophase II, formation of 17‐21 micronuclei per pollen cell plate was observed in 16 out of 351 cell plates in ‘M. mga’. Micronuclei were observed at low (0.3‐2.3%) frequencies, at the sporad stage in all clones. Monads, dyads, triads and tetrads, which are established sources of high ploidy levels were observed at low (2.6%) and high (22.2%) frequencies. Megasporogenesis in ‘Rayong 1’ and ‘Rayong 60’ showed a lack of second meiotic divisions after a successful first division that resulted in partly unreduced embryo sacs with 2n eggs, suggesting another unrecognized and, as yet, unreported source of sexual polyploid formation in cassava. Meiotic abnormalities during microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis are implicated as being responsible for the formation of mixoploids (triploids and tetraploids) in cassava breeding programmes. A cytogenetic mechanism resulting in bilateral sexual polyploids through different gametic fertilization pathways in cassava is suggested and its role in breeding is briefly discussed.     

Ovule dichotomy per locule of the trilocular pistil in cassava,Manihot esculenta: a useful abnormality for increased seed production?

Histologically, the cassava pistil is trilocular with a single ovule in each locule producing a maximum of three seeds in nature. Heat stress (35°/45°C, night/day temperatures), as a physical treatment was attempted to induce useful reproductive and vegetative traits in 10 F₁ hybrids derived from ‘OMR 36‐41’and ‘OMR 36‐42’crosses, and two Asian cassava cultivars,‘Rayong 60’and ‘Rayong 1′, under greenhouse and field conditions. Cytoembryological examination of the repro‐ ductive organs revealed morpho‐structural features of normal pistil in all clones except ‘Rayong 1’which exhibited reproductive variations under greenhouse culture. Genetically, an important variation was ovule dichotomy per locule of the trilocular pistil so that each pistil contained six instead of the usual three ovules and lacked any outer integument. These ovules possessed functional embryo sacs with varying nuclear number. A pair of the dichotomous ovules possessed two embryo sacs of apparent different megaspore mother cells. Vegetatively, F₁ hybrids were dwarf (0.50m) in their phenotype and flowered 1 month earlier than the 1.5‐2.0m tall cultivars under greenhouse conditions.     

Serial Communication System Between PC and PLC Based on Visual C++

It is usually need to supervise and control gathering data and working status of PLC in industry control.There are some ways such as VB,DELPHI,PB to carry out the requirement.Visual C++ is an exploiture tool for Windows application program and has quite strong function in the aspect of image processing and database managing etc.It has faster speed to realize bottom communication control.Using Visual C++ and MFC,the authors implement the serial communication system between PC and PLC.The paper introduces the communication protocol and software design method and realizes data's sending and incepted rapidly,real-time auto-control accurately and quickly.This system is simple,economical,and reliable and has an application value,which has been applied successfully in real system.     

Potato genetics,genomics, and applications

Potato has a variety of reproductive uniquenesses besides its clonal propagation by tubers. These traits are controlled by a different kind of genetic control. The reproductive information has been applied to enable interspecific hybridization to enhance valuable traits, such as disease and pest resistances, from the tuber-bearing Solanum gene pool. While progress has been made in potato breeding, many resources have been invested due to the requirements of large populations and long time frame. This is not only due to the general pitfalls in plant breeding, but also due to the complexity of polyploid genetics. Tetraploid genetics is the most prominent aspect associated with potato breeding. Genetic maps and markers have contributed to potato breeding, and genome information further elucidates questions in potato evolution and supports comprehensive potato breeding. Challenges yet remain on recognizing intellectual property rights to breeding and germplasm, and also on regulatory aspects to incorporate modern biotechnology for increasing genetic variation in potato breeding.     

Determinants of Local Highway Spending in North Carolina

Public spending, because it is influenced by elected officials, can be swayed by political considerations as well as socio‐economic factors. Previous studies have confirmed the importance of political measures in the allocation of general public spending as well as in spending for infrastructure and highway projects at the state level. This study examines the determinants of the allocation of state highway funds within one state—in North Carolina to counties during the period 1990–2005—and assesses the relative importance of socio‐economic and political factors in these decisions. Determinants were derived from three conceptual approaches to public spending: the median voter model, the special interest model, and the political model. Persistence was found in both highway construction spending and highway maintenance spending. In addition, employment market conditions were a strong determinant of highway construction spending, as was one political factor—the county's relative vote in the most recent election for the state's dominant political party. Highway maintenance spending was found to be dominated by median voter factors with no finding of political influence.     

A Vovel Constracture of Combinatorial Knowledge Base for the Expert System of Eletrical Switching

By comparing the techniges of the production and the logic predicate for knowledge representation, this paper presents a kind of constructure of combinatorial knowledge base applied to the expert system for switch operation in electric power system . This constructure of knowledge base to be expanded and revised easily,and it is cinvenitnt to build the general shell of the expert system.     

扬稻系列品种（组合）特性、系谱、育种方法和推广应用分析

通过对31个扬稻系列品种（组合）特性、系谱组成、育种方法和推广应用的综合分析,阐明了扬稻系列品种(组合)选育的基本经验： 根据生产需求和发展形势,分析主客观条件,抓住主要矛盾,寻求切入点,确定“四稻并举、总体提高、重点突破”的育种策略,运用综合育种方法,不断推出适用品种。分析扬稻系列品种(组合)系谱,骨干亲本集中。如常规籼稻基础亲本为BG90-2;杂交籼稻注重籼粳亚种优势利用,育成的恢复系中百分之八十融入广亲和材料02428的血缘。常规籼稻选育采用“搭梯上楼”的育种方法,以基础亲本为主干,融合优良性状,提高综合性能;籼型恢复系选育则采用优势叠加的方法,实行优势互补,完善品种性能。根据“个体看匀称、群体看协调、机能看熟相”的多年育种经验,在不同世代对茎系、叶系、穗系进行各有侧重的选择。建立定型品系的小群体(10m2)鉴定圃,构建选择群体,进行综合性状的评估鉴定,提高选择的准确性。对杂交籼稻组合的选育,建立两个程序：对恢复系进行严格鉴定筛选,主要性状超过主栽杂交组合;对杂交组合进行大量测配鉴定,综合比较优势。对育成品种进行后续加工,利用剩余变异,改造种性缺陷。利用扬州与海南两个大跨度的生态区进行多世代适应性选择。 在品种推广应用中,组织多学科、多区域、多层次、多领域协作,总体规划,分步实施,育、繁、推一体化,试验、示范、推广相结合,以点带面,逐步推开,实行跟踪服务,并注重信息反馈,着重抓了6方面工作：①多点示范,扩大应用范围。②配套技术同步进行,提高增产效益。③加强科普,提高技术普及率。④加强提纯复壮,提供优良种源。⑤建立产业链式开发技术体系。⑥强化知识产权保护,规范种子市场秩序。     

设施园艺中番茄节水灌溉的研究进展

设施园艺是中国农业发展的重要方面，节水灌溉也是中国农业势在必行的一项重要措施，目前节水灌溉技术已在设施园艺中得到较广泛的应用，设施园艺中应根据具体的情况采用不同的灌溉方法。番茄是现在设施园艺中大量栽培的作物之一，在此，就设施栽培番茄的节水灌溉研究状况进行了简要介绍，并且介绍了各种灌溉方法的特点，指出了中国目前设施园艺中番茄节水灌溉中存在的问题及建议。     

Application of Landscape Gene Information Chain in Tourism Development of Traditional Human Settlements:A Case Study of Daqitou Village in Sanshui District,Foshan City

Based on the aspect of historical and cultural geography, the value of "landscape gene information chain" in the tourism development of ancient villages was verified by taking cultural landscape as the principal line, historical and cultural settlement as the carriers, and traditional buildings as the entry points. Taking Daqintou Village in Sanshui District, Foshan City for example, the theory of "landscape gene information chain" was applied to design a tourism planning scheme for Daqitou Village.     

GIS技术在人工影响天气作业气象探测资料分析中的应用

笔者以焦作市人工影响天气作业指挥系统为实例,分析了气象探测资料在人工影响天气作业指挥中的综合处理应用,介绍了组件式GIS技术在人影作业指挥系统中应用的总体思路,并阐述了该系统中GIS应用的主要方面,包括离散点探测资料的分析处理、雷达资料处理显示、各类探测资料的融合叠加、精细化预报产品的图形化显示及火箭安全射击范围管理、区域协作区管理等。实现了人工影响天气作业指挥中气象探测数据、预报预警信息、火箭射击区域等数据的空间管理,基于GIS可以对作业效果进行科学评估。     

水生美人蕉组培快繁技术研究

以水生美人蕉带有芽苞的根茎为外植体进行组培快繁技术研究,结果表明：MS＋BA1.0~4.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L培养基能较好地诱导分化出不定芽;MS+BA6.0~8.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L培养基增殖效果最好;在MS不加激素和MS＋NAA0.2mg/L培养基上进行生根培养都有不同程度的根分化。株高6~8cm出瓶用苔藓炼苗,成活率达95%以上。     

An application based on container programming and genetic algorithm

With the rapid growth of curriculums in colleges and universities and the number of students,automatic course arrangement method based on calculation algorithm has become an important issue of algorithm design and research. Based on Genetic Algorithm, a new binary encoding mechanism and classroom position filling method is put forward, which is applied to improve the load and efficiency of course scheduling system. In accordance with the ratio of weights in Fitness Function, this method abandons the way of random search, directionally and randomly generates chromosomes, simplifies the quantity of chromosome information, greatly shortens the running time of the system. In the aspect of management mechanism, user intervention is introduced,dealing with initial population with high proficiency and eliminating conflicts. Data from simulation experiment proves the astringency and high efficiency of this method. Moreover, the whole design of the system applies programming technology based on container, realizing the convenient processing of uncertain data.     

Energy conversion analysis of vehicle electromagnetic suspension using power flow method

The energy regenerative characteristic of vehicle electromagnetic suspension is analyzed based on the power flow. In order to solve the key problem of energy quantification of electromagnetic suspension,a calculation and analysis method of energy conversion efficiency is proposed. A comparative work between the active system,passive system and the maximal output power system is made through computer simulation. It is demonstrated that in the aspect of vehicle dynamics,the active system is superior to the passive system. In the aspect of energy regenerative ability,the passive system is superior to the active system. And the energy regenerated by the active system is more than the consumed energy. So the active system has the ability of powering itself.     

浅析节水型社会建设思路

我国水资源面临危机,通过对我国水资源现状、特点及存在问题的分析,指出了实现水资源可持续利用的出路是建立节水型社会。并从制度、经济、科技、文化及具体措施几个方面分析了建设节水型社会的基本思路。     

“Debrucing” the Link between Tax and Expenditure Limits and Special District Governments

We provide a direct test of the extent to which the stringency of a Tax and Expenditure Limit (TEL) influences the creation of special district governments by examining one of the strictest TELs in U.S. history, the Colorado Taxpayer's Bill of Rights (TABOR). Through analysis of panel data from 1993 to 2004 of general purpose and special district governments, we test the relationship between TABOR and the creation of special districts. The novelty of our research involves the use of successful and failed attempts to override TABOR to measure variation in TEL restrictiveness at the county and municipal geography. Our results indicate that counties and municipalities unable to override TABOR's restrictions and therefore bound by the TEL have no greater use of special district governments than local jurisdictions experiencing similar demand for services but not bound by TABOR. These results are robust to failed override attempts specific to tax revenue as well as debt proceeds. Furthermore, results are unaffected by the use of multiyear lagged measures of override attempts and the inclusion of county debrucing initiatives that passed or failed by a small margin—i.e., less than 60 percent of votes. Contrary to anecdotal evidence, our results find no relationship between tax and expenditure limits and the formation of special districts.