大豆育成品种农艺性状QTL与SSR标记的关联分析

利用85个SSR标记,对大豆育成品种群体(190份代表性材料)的基因组进行扫描,在检测群体结构基础上搜索连锁不平衡位点,并采用TASSEL软件的GLM方法对11个大豆农艺性状QTL进行关联分析。结果表明：(1) 在公共图谱上共线性或非共线性的SSR位点组合均广泛存在连锁不平衡(LD),但不平衡程度D′>0.5的组合数只占总位点组合的1.71%,共线位点D′值随遗传距离衰减较快;(2) SSR数据遗传结构分析表明,育成品种群体由7个亚群体组成,矫正后全群体共有45个位点累计136个位点(次)与11个大豆农艺性状QTL关联,其中22个位点(次)与家系连锁定位的QTL区间相重,有43个位点(次) 2年重复出现;(3) 一些标记同时与2个或多个性状关联,可能是性状相关或一因多效的遗传基础;(4) 育成品种群体关联位点与地方品种群体和野生群体只有少数相同,群体间育种性状的遗传结构有相当大差异;(5) 发掘出农艺性状优异等位变异及其载体品种,包括增效最大的产量等位变异Satt347-300 (+932 kg hm^-2,中豆26),生物量等位变异Satt365-294(+3 123 kg hm^-2,黄毛豆),蛋白质含量等位变异Be475343-198 (+0.41%,淮豆4号),脂肪含量等位变异Satt150-273 (+2.32%,科丰15)等。在此基础上作了设计育种的探讨。     

中国野生大豆群体农艺加工性状与SSR关联分析和特异材料的遗传构成

选用204对SSR标记对全国野生大豆群体(174份代表性样本)的基因组扫描,采用TASSEL软件的GLM (general linear model)方法对百粒重、开花期、成熟期、干豆腐得率、干豆乳得率和耐淹性性状值关联分析,解析与性状关联位点的优异等位变异,鉴别出一批与农艺、加工性状关联的优异等位变异及携带优异等位变异的载体材料;进一步分析极值表型材料的遗传构成。结果表明: (1)累计51个位点(次)与性状关联,有些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联,可能是性状相关的遗传基础;关联位点中累计16位点(次)与连锁分析定位的QTL一致;(2)与地方品种群体和育成品种群体的关联位点比较,发现野生群体关联位点只有少数与之相同,群体间育种性状的遗传结构有明显差异。(3)与多性状关联的位点其等位变异对不同性状的效应方向可相同可不同,如GMES5532a-A332对百粒重和耐淹性的相对死苗率都是增效效应,而GMES5532a-A344对百粒重是减效效应,对相对死苗率是增效效应;(4)极值表型材料间的遗传构成有很大差异。表型值大的材料携带较多增效效应大的位点等位变异,例如N23349的百粒重是9.08 g,含有4个增效效应较大的位点等位变异;表型值小的材料携带较多减效效应大的位点等位变异,如N23387的百粒重是0.75 g,含有4个减效效应较大的位点等位变异。关联作图得到的信息可以弥补连锁定位信息的不足,尤其是全基因组位点上复等位变异的信息为育种提供了亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择的依据。     

ICRISAT花生微核心种质农艺性状和黄曲霉抗性关联分析

以国际半干旱热带地区作物研究所(ICRISAT)花生微核心种质146份资源为品种,鉴定农艺性状和黄曲霉抗性,用26对SSR引物检测多态性位点,在分析连锁不平衡、群体结构和Kinship的基础上进行关联分析。连锁不平衡的分布显示R²平均值为0.185,表明26对SSR引物扩增的120个位点之间具有较低的连锁不平衡程度。群体结构分析结果将146份花生品种分为2个亚群,分别对应疏枝亚种和密枝亚种,与植物学分类和遗传分化分析的结果基本一致。关联分析表明,共有39个位点与10个农艺性状(株高、总分枝数、第一分枝数、小叶宽、结果分枝数、百果重、出仁率、单株生产力、种子长、种子宽)相关联,表型变异解释率为1.50%~20.34%,16个SSR位点与黄曲霉侵染病情指数、黄曲霉产毒量相关联,表型变异解释率为5.23%~17.19%,与农艺性状、黄曲霉抗性同时相关联的SSR位点有13个。关联位点的等位变异效应分析表明,10个农艺性状和2个黄曲霉抗性性状共有63个增效等位变异和47个减效等位变异,并发掘了ICG6022等携有优良等位变异的载体品种。     

引进陆地棉种质材料的遗传多样性、群体结构与连锁不平衡

本研究利用121个分布于棉花全基因组的SSR标记,对187份国外棉花种质材料和31份新疆本地棉花品种进行遗传多样性、群体遗传结构和连锁不平衡分析。结果表明:218份材料共检测到284个SSR等位变异,等位基因变异数在2~9之间,遗传多样性指数平均为0.402,PIC值平均为0.355。基于STRUCTURE分析,218份材料可被划分为三个亚群(POP-1/2/3)。AMOVA分析表明,14.6%的变异来源于亚群间,85.4%的变异来源于亚群内。连锁不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)分析显示,r2≥0.05(p0.01)的条件下,10.18%的SSR位点组合存在显著的LD,整体LD水平不高,共线性位点间存在LD的比例高于非共线性位点,表明位点间的连锁对LD有重要影响。在r2=0.1时(p0.05),LD最大遗传距离为34.7 c M,当r2=0.2时,LD最大遗传距离为9 c M。进一步对Chr.3、Chr.11、Chr.23和Chr.24共4个染色体的LD衰减距离进行分析,发现Chr.3和Chr.11具有较高的LD衰减距离。LD分析结果表明本研究群体可用于标记——性状关联分析,并且对单个染色体LD的评估将提供重要的参考。     

谷子SSR标记与光周期敏感性的关联分析

对光周期敏感是导致谷子生态适应性狭窄、生产上缺少跨区大品种的重要原因,鉴定谷子光周期敏感性相关联QTL位点是进一步揭示敏感形成遗传机制的基础。首先在长日照地区(河南省洛阳市)和短日照地区(海南省乐东县)对45份谷子品种进行抽穗期表型性状调查,并根据两地的抽穗期差异计算出光周期敏感值,最后进行SSR标记与光周期敏感性的关联分析。结果表明,40个SSR标记在45个谷子品种中共检测到150个等位基因,平均每个引物有3. 75个等位基因,其中引物b200和b124的等位基因数目最多,均为6个。利用SSR标记对45份谷子材料进行群体遗传结构分析得到最佳K值为3,即将其划分为3个亚群:其中第1亚群有5个品种,第2亚群有16个品种,第3亚群有21个品种,而剩下的3个品种则不能划分到任何一组,成为混合群。连锁不平衡分析表明,40个SSR标记间不存在明显的连锁不平衡结构。SSR标记与光周期敏感性的关联分析检测到b200(SSR8)和b127(SSR35) 2个位点与光周期敏感性关联(P 0. 05)。     

半野生棉棉仁含油量与SSR标记的关联分析

为探究半野生棉群体材料的遗传变异和群体结构,挖掘与含油量相关的标记位点,利用215对SSR引物,对89份半野生棉自然群体进行遗传多样性、群体结构和亲缘关系分析,并进行棉仁含油量性状与标记的关联分析。结果表明,位点多态信息含量(PIC)为0.0222~0.7390,平均为0.3452;基因型多样性(H′)介于0.0616~1.4412,平均为0.5614。群体结构分析将89份材料分为2个亚群,群体结构简单,遗传变异比较丰富,可以用于半野生棉目标性状的关联分析。应用关联分析,在3个年份环境下重复检测出12个与棉仁含油量显著相关的位点(P0.05),这12个位点可能与含油量性状存在稳定的关联,可为棉仁含油量性状的分子标记辅助选择提供依据,为开展半野生棉其它性状的关联分析提供参考。阔叶棉141平均棉仁含油量为41.90%,为高油份含量品种的遗传改良提供理想材料。     

陆地棉SSR标记遗传多样性及其与农艺性状的关联分析

分析陆地棉栽培种遗传多样性,通过关联分析寻找与棉花农艺性状相关联的分子标记,为分子标记辅助选择育种和提高棉花育种效率奠定基础。本文采用74个Simple sequence repeat(SSR)标记对172份陆地棉栽培种的基因组变异进行扫描,使用NTSYS-pc 2.20进行聚类,分析该群体遗传多样性;利用Structure 2.3.4软件分析群体结构,在此基础上结合田间表型数据,采用Tassel 2.1的一般线性模型(General linear model,GLM)进行关联分析,定位与农艺性状相关的QTLs。74个标记共检测到148个多态性位点,涉及246个等位变异,变异范围2~7个,平均等位变异数为3.32;引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.0281~0.3733,平均值为0.2370;遗传相似系数变异在0.2816~1,平均值为0.5369,平均遗传相似系数为0.5369,表明我国陆地棉遗传基础狭窄,尽管国外及西北内陆棉区部分材料具有较丰富的遗传变异。聚类分析将该群体划分为12个亚群,不同棉区的材料交叉分布,且聚类结果基本与系谱吻合。群体结构分析却将172份供试材料划分为3个亚群;通过关联分析,发现30个位点与铃重、衣分、黄萎病抗性显著相关(P0.05),各位点对表型变异贡献率为2.24%~5.27%。     

利用SSR标记对海岛棉纤维品质关联分析初探

选取28份海岛棉种质为供试群体,利用均匀分布于26条染色体上的211个SSR标记,对该群体进行扫描。所选标记在28份材料中扩增出241个SSR标记位点,共检测到627个等位基因,平均变异位点数为2.60个。采用Tassel软件中GLM方法将供试海岛棉5个纤维品质性状(纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值、整齐度和伸长率)与标记检测结果进行关联分析。结果表明:与5个纤维品质性状极显著(P0.001)关联的SSR位点共64个,其中21个位点可在3个及以上环境中重复检测到,9个位点同时与不同的纤维品质性状关联。研究结果可为海岛棉材料利用提供参考信息。     

青稞遗传多样性及其农艺性状与SSR标记的关联分析

利用92个SSR标记对108份青稞亲本材料进行多态性扫描,分析其遗传多样性,旨在寻找与农艺性状相关联的分子标记,为青稞杂交组合的配制及分子标记辅助育种提供依据。挑选48个多态性标记进行群体遗传结构分析,在此基础上采用Tassel 2.1 GLM (general linear model)和MLM (mixed linear model)方法进行标记与农艺性状的关联分析。共检测出156个等位变异,每个位点2~6个等位变异。供试群体的Shannon指数为0.6727~1.1368,材料间遗传相似系数为0.2250~1.0000,平均0.7585。通过群体遗传结构分析将供试材料划分成4个亚群。以GLM分析,发现12个与株高、穗长、穗粒数和分蘖数相关联的标记,对表型变异的解释率分别为11.5%~17.6%、19.4%~45.4%、15.4%~22.1%和29.2%;以MLM分析,发现8个与株高、分蘖数和小穗数相关的标记,各标记对表型变异的解释率分别为31.7%~49.8%、28.1%~37.2%、22.7%~32.7%。关联标记分布在基因组全部6个连锁群上。     

引进陆地棉种质材料纤维品质及农艺性状关联分析

引进陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)种质材料的性状-标记关联分析是发掘其优异基因并在分子标记辅助育种中使用的科学依据。本研究利用199个SSR标记和42个In Del标记对94份国外陆地棉种质材料和27份新疆本地品种的纤维品质和农艺学性状进行全基因组关联分析。遗传结构和Neighbor-Join聚类分析将陆地棉种质群体划分为2个亚群,连锁不平衡分析发现有9.42%的位点组合存在LD(p0.01,r2≥0.05);基于混合线性模型的关联分析结果显示,能够同时在2个播期检测到的与6个纤维品质性状、4个产量性状和4个农艺性状显著关联的标记位点分别有18个、10个和5个,平均表型变异解释率分别为6.06%(1.17%~13.86%)、4.62%(1.18%~15.28%)和6.75%(1.87%~9.98%)。上述关联位点中共检测到188个等位变异,其中表型效应值大于0.6的优异等位变异有12个。研究结果可进一步用于分子辅助育种,并为基因精细定位提供参考资料。     

Association analysis of sugar yield-related traits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)]

Association mapping is widely used for detecting QTLs in higher plants. In the present study a synthetic sorghum population containing 119 representative samples, including 43 sweet and 76 grain sorghum accessions originating mainly from China, USA and India, were genotyped using 51 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) of pair-wise loci and population structure were analyzed, followed by association analysis of SSR loci and 3 sugar yield related traits using the TASSEL general linear model program. Results showed that: (i) different degrees of LD occurred among syntenic markers and also among nonsyntenic markers, indicating historical recombination among sorghum linkage groups; (ii) significant LD extended up to 7.31 cM; (iii) the collection of accessions was composed of three subgroups; (iv) four marker loci were associated with stalk sugar concentration, fresh stalk weight and stalk juice weight measured in different growing environments and could be used, therefore, in future marker assisted breeding programs. Several loci were also associated with two or more traits simultaneously, which might be due to tight linkage between different genes affecting these traits and/or pleiotropy. In addition, some associated markers were located close to QTLs previously mapped in family-based linkage mapping analyses.     

陕西省野生大豆种质资源的SSR遗传多样性研究

为了研究陕西地区野生大豆的遗传多样性特点,利用SSR分子标记分析了陕西省6个野生大豆(Glycine soja)天然种群和1个栽培大豆(Glycine max)种群的遗传结构与遗传多样性。结果显示：13个位点共检测出113个等位基因,平均每个位点的等位基因数(A)为8.69个,等位基因数目范围为4~13个,有效等位基因数(N_e)范围为2.135(Satt590)~9.385 (Satt487),平均有效等因基因数为5.623;观察杂合度(H_o)变化范围为0.033~0.121,平均为0.080;预期杂合度(H_e)的变化范围为0.312~0.658,平均为0.482;种群平均Shannon遗传多样性指数(I)为0.657;野生大豆种群基因多样度比率(F_ST)为0.465。该研究显示,陕西省野生大豆具有较高水平的遗传多样性,野生大豆的遗传多样性普遍高于栽培大豆;随着海拔的不断升高,野生大豆遗传多样性变低;陕西中部、南部的野生大豆种质资源丰富、种群具有较高的遗传多样性,推测该区域为陕西省野生大豆的遗传多样性中心。     

小麦南大2419及其衍生品种(系)主要农艺性状的关联分析

筛选与小麦重要农艺性状相关联的SSR标记,对小麦分子标记辅助育种有重要的实践意义.本研究利用多态性较高的80个SSR标记,对南大2419及其71份衍生后代品种(系)进行基因型分析,采用TASSEL软件的MLM (Mixed linear model)方法对籽粒产量、千粒重、有效穗、穗粒数等8个主要农艺性状进行SSR标记...     

Mapping and use of QTLs controlling pod dehiscence in soybean

While the cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is more recalcitrant to pod dehiscence (shattering-resistant) than wild soybean, Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc., there is also significant genetic variation in shattering resistance among cultivated soybean cultivars. To reveal the genetic basis and develop DNA markers for pod dehiscence, several research groups have conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using segregated populations derived from crosses between G. max accessions or between a G. max and G. soja accession. In the populations of G. max, a major QTL was repeatedly identified near SSR marker Sat_366 on linkage group J (chromosome 16). Minor QTLs were also detected in several studies, although less commonality was found for the magnitudes of effect and location. In G. max × G. soja populations, only QTLs with a relatively small effect were detected. The major QTL found in G. max was further fine-mapped, leading to the development of specific markers for the shattering resistance allele at this locus. The markers were used in a breeding program, resulting in the production of near-isogenic lines with shattering resistance and genetic backgrounds of Japanese elite cultivars. The markers and lines developed will hopefully contribute to the rapid production of a variety of shattering-resistant soybean cultivars.     

亚洲地区中、外大豆品种幼苗期耐淹性与SSR标记的关联分析

利用自然群体进行关联分析是检测目标性状QTL、揭示其遗传基础的有效方法。对国内黄淮和南方地区和东亚、东南亚、南亚291份大豆品种幼苗期耐淹性和64个SSR标记的关联分析结果表明,整个群体由国内和国外2个不同的亚群体组成,2个亚群均存在连锁不平衡。在群体1(国内)中分别检测到相对死苗率、相对失绿率、相对萎蔫率的关联位点3、7和12个,群体2(国外)中相应位点6、3和5个;多个位点兼与2个或者3个耐淹性状关联;部分关联位点与连锁定位结果一致。在2个群体中分别筛选出3个耐淹性状减效最大(最耐淹)的优异等位变异24个和22个。相对死苗率优异等位变异在黄淮、南方地区5个主要系谱中分布不同,育种轮次间有波动。结合基因型和耐性表现,从国内材料中优选出合豆2号、黔豆3号、诱变31、南农493-1,从国外材料中优选出PI208432、PI377576、PI481690等耐淹载体材料,为耐淹育种奠定材料和标记辅助选择育种的基础。     

Association mapping of yield-related traits and SSR markers in wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.)

Wild soybean, the progenitor of cultivated soybean, is an important gene pool for ongoing soybean breeding efforts. To identify yield-enhancing quantitative trait locus (QTL) or gene from wild soybean, 113 wild soybeans accessions were phenotyped for five yield-related traits and genotyped with 85 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to conduct association mapping. A total of 892 alleles were detected for the 85 SSR markers, with an average 10.49 alleles; the corresponding PIC values ranged from 0.07 to 0.92, with an average 0.73. The genetic diversity of each SSR marker ranged from 0.07 to 0.93, with an average 0.75. A total of 18 SSR markers were identified for the five traits. Two SSR markers, sct_010 and satt316, which are associated with the yield per plant were stably expressed over two years at two experimental locations. Our results suggested that association mapping can be an effective approach for identifying QTL from wild soybean.     

Genetic analysis for the leaf pubescence density and water status traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Leaf pubescence density (PD) is an important component for the adaptation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to drought-prone environment. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling PD on the upper surface of leaf blade (PDU), PD on the lower surface of leaf blade (PDL), leaf wilting coefficient (WC) and rate of excised leaf drying (ELD) were identified using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population from the cross between soybean cultivars 'kefeng1' and 'nannong1138-2' at the field soil drought stress stage from the mid-end of stem elongation to onset of flowering. A total of 20 QTLs were detected on molecular linkage groups (MLGs) A2, D1b, E, H, G and I with individual QTL explained 4.49–23.56% of phenotypic variation by composite interval mapping. The QTLs for PD on MLG H were mapped to near Ps locus while the QTLs on MLG D1b were located near Rsc-7 . Three genome regions for PD and water status traits on MLGs A2, D1b and H were associated. This study revealed that leaf surface PD may play an important role in the soybean drought tolerance.     

Mapping quantitative trait loci for yield-related traits in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Development of soybean cultivars with high seed yield is a major focus in soybean breeding programs. This study was conducted to identify genetic loci associated with seed yield-related traits in soybean and also to clarify consistency of the detected QTLs with QTLs found by previous researchers. A population of 135 F_2:3 lines was developed from a cross between a vegetable soybean line (MJ0004-6) and a landrace cultivar from Myanmar ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"R18500","term_id":"772110","term_text":"R18500"}}R18500). They were evaluated in the experimental field of Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand in a randomized complete block design with two replications each in 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The two parents exhibited contrasting characteristics for most of the traits that were mapped. Analysis of variance showed that the main effects of genotype and environment (year) were significant for all studied traits. Genotype by environment interaction was also highly significant for all the traits. The population was genotyped by 149 polymorphic SSR markers and the genetic map consisted of 129 SSR loci which converged into 38 linkage groups covering 1156 cM of soybean genome. There were 10 QTLs significantly associated with seed yield-related traits across two seasons with single QTLs explaining between 5.0% to 21.9% of the phenotypic variation. Three of these QTLs were detected in both years for days to flowering, days to maturity and 100 seed weight. Most of the detected QTLs in our research were consistent with earlier QTLs reported by previous researchers. However, four novel QTLs including SF1, SF2 and SF3 on linkage groups L and N for seed filling period and PN1 on linkage group D1b for pod number were identified in the present study.