复合涂膜液的筛选及其对鲜切苹果保鲜效果的影响

以不同浓度的壳聚糖、氯化钙、甘氨酸为复合涂膜液材料,以鲜切苹果的丙二醛含量为考察指标,采用正交试验方法筛选最优复合涂膜保鲜液,并以去离子水为对照,研究该复合涂膜保鲜液对贮藏在28、4℃条件下的鲜切苹果相关品质指标的影响。结果表明:1.0%壳聚糖、1.5%氯化钙和1.0%甘氨酸的复合涂膜液对鲜切苹果具有良好的保鲜效果,且在4℃时保鲜效果更佳。     

壳聚糖-明胶复合涂膜处理对南果梨保鲜效果的研究

采用壳聚糖、明胶、甘油制备不同配比的壳聚糖-明胶复合涂膜保鲜液,对南果梨进行涂膜处理,在室温下进行贮藏,通过对果实的失质量率、硬度、可溶性固形物和VC含量的测定,评价壳聚糖-明胶复合涂膜保鲜液对南果梨的保鲜效果。结果表明,壳聚糖-明胶复合涂膜液可以降低果实的失质量率,减缓硬度的下降速率,维持可溶性固形物和VC的含量,保鲜效果显著。保鲜效果最佳的涂膜保鲜液配比为壳聚糖0.9%,明胶1.25%,甘油0.4%。在此条件下,南国梨的保鲜期可延长至20 d左右。     

可食性液态膜复合保鲜剂对番茄保鲜效果的研究

以番茄为试材,通过壳聚糖、可溶性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠配制成不同浓度的复合保鲜液浸泡涂膜处理,研究其对番茄保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,复合保鲜液涂膜可有效地降低番茄果实的失重率、腐烂率、可溶性固形物含量,抑制多酚氧化酶活性,维持番茄VC含量,保持番茄果实较好的感官品质,且以0.5%壳聚糖+0.8%可溶性淀粉+0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠复配的复合保鲜液涂膜对番茄有较好的保鲜效果,15℃环境下其货架期延长到15 d以上。     

明胶柑橘精油复合膜对草莓保鲜效果的影响

以草莓为材料,研究了不同质量分数柑橘精油(0.50%,0.75%,1.00%)与1%明胶组成的复合涂膜液对草莓的保鲜效果。结果表明,与对照相比,复合涂膜处理能够降低失重率,减缓维C、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量损失,降低果实的呼吸速率,抑制丙二醛含量的累积,减缓花青素及总酚含量变化,延缓果实的成熟衰老。其中,1%明胶与0.75%柑橘精油制成的涂膜液处理对草莓果实保鲜效果最好,其各项指标变化最为缓慢。研究为柑橘精油及其复配物作为防腐剂保鲜果蔬提供了一定的理论支撑。     

壳聚糖复合涂膜对杏鲍菇保鲜效果的研究

【研究目的】杏鲍菇在采后易失水褐化等原因降低食用及商品价值,为延长其货架期,需筛选出适于杏鲍菇的壳聚糖复合涂膜。【方法】该实验以杏鲍菇（Pleurotus eryngii）为研究材料,在室温（22±2℃）条件下,以去离子水浸涂杏鲍菇为对照,采用不同的壳聚糖复合涂膜处理进行保鲜实验,通过L9（33）正交试验筛选杏鲍菇保鲜的最佳复合涂膜配方,并研究其生理效应。【结果】结果表明,与对照相比,筛选出的最佳壳聚糖复合涂膜液能够有效降低杏鲍菇的褐变程度与含水率,延缓游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性总糖等各指标的变化幅度,保鲜效果达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。【结论】适于杏鲍菇的壳聚糖复合涂膜的配比为1.5%的壳聚糖+1.0%的乙酸+0.03%的吐温20+3.0%的甘油,该涂膜起到延缓杏鲍菇采后衰老,保持较好的营养价值和加工风味,达到保鲜目的。     

果胶/羧甲基纤维素钠复合涂膜液在冷鲜肉保鲜中的应用效果

冷鲜肉(猪里脊)分别用2%的果胶和羧甲基纤维素钠(二者体积比为8∶2)复合液和2%果胶溶液单独处理10 min,喷洒2%Ca Cl2溶液,自然晾干30 min后,以空白处理为对照,再用PE保鲜膜包装,于(4±1)℃条件下储藏,分析不同处理冷鲜肉的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、p H等指标的变化,探讨复合涂膜液对冷鲜肉的保鲜效果。结果表明,对照组和2%果胶处理组的冷鲜肉分别在储藏第13天和第16天时已经低于冷鲜肉的评价标准,腐败变质,果胶和羧甲基纤维素钠复合涂膜液处理的冷鲜肉在储藏第19天时,菌落总数对数值为6.08,挥发性盐基氮为19.8 mg/100 g,高铁肌红蛋白含量为32.06%,p H为6.65,均符合有关冷鲜肉的评价标准。说明该复合涂膜液对冷鲜肉有明显的保鲜效果,可以有效延长冷鲜肉的货架期至19 d。     

有机黄瓜优质高效栽培技术方案

正1.操作步骤①品种选择。一般水果黄瓜以荷兰引进品种为佳,有刺黄瓜可选择津优35号等。如果当地生产和销售的,需要考虑当地消费习惯对黄瓜品种的要求。②床土配制与播种育苗。黄瓜品种可以直播育苗,也可嫁接育苗。直播育苗一般每亩需25～30米2育苗床,床土为40%的腐殖酸有机肥、40%的阳土、20%腐熟7～8成的牛粪,用碳能复合益生菌液300倍液与粪肥拌匀。种子用碳能复合益生菌液20～50倍液浸泡消毒10～30分钟。播前浇足水,积水处撒细土将畦面抹平。种子播后覆土0.5厘米厚,盖地膜保温保湿,幼苗     

壳聚糖-山梨酸复合涂膜对宣城圆枣保鲜效果的影响

针对鲜食红枣成熟后贮藏期短,商品性会随贮藏期延长而降低等问题,以宣城圆枣为试材,采用5个浓度(0.1%、0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%)壳聚糖与浓度为0.1%的山梨酸混合,配制成复合保鲜液,对其进行涂膜保鲜处理。结果表明:在4℃条件下,壳聚糖-山梨酸复合涂膜处理在一定程度上能延缓宣城圆枣果实失重率与腐烂率上升的速度,同时抑制硬度及VC含量的下降,从而延缓果实的成熟衰老进程,提高贮藏品质,延长货架期。通过对各项果实品质指标数据的综合分析得出,复合涂膜溶液的最佳使用浓度为0.25%壳聚糖+0.1%山梨酸。     

番木瓜货架期的防腐保鲜技术研究

为了研究番木瓜货架期的复合防腐保鲜技术,以番木瓜为试材,采用生物(Nisin)、化学(咪鲜胺)与涂膜(大豆分离蛋白、海藻酸钠)相结合的方法,以各项感官指标和理化指标做评价,对黄熟过程的番木瓜进行防腐保鲜效果研究。结果表明,最佳复合防腐保鲜工艺条件为:0.3 g/L Nisin与0.35 g/L咪鲜胺复配成复合防腐剂,处理番木瓜2 min,1%(V/V)乙烯利喷雾处理,再以3%大豆分离蛋白、0.3%海藻酸钠制成pH 7.0的复合涂膜液进行涂膜。通过此联合防腐处理,可有效延缓番木瓜的腐烂指数及失重率的上升,抑制VC和TSS含量的下降,防腐保鲜效果显著,也利于番木瓜黄熟指数的上升。     

不同精油-羧甲基纤维素钠复合涂膜对草莓贮藏品质的影响

以新鲜草莓为试材,分别采用大蒜精油、山苍子精油、丁香花蕾精油、生姜精油复合羧甲基纤维素钠为涂膜保鲜原料,研究(15±2)℃条件下不同精油涂膜液处理对草莓贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,山苍子精油、大蒜精油、生姜精油-羧甲基纤维素钠复合涂膜液均能显著降低草莓果实在贮藏过程中的腐烂指数及重量损失,显著抑制贮藏前期草莓果实的呼吸强度,进而抑制草莓果实在贮藏过程中可溶性固形物含量和花色苷含量的下降及丙二醛含量的上升,提高草莓的贮藏品质。其中,山苍子精油-羧甲基纤维素钠复合涂膜液对草莓的保鲜效果最佳,为草莓的贮藏保鲜提供了一种新的方法。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.     

Disease resistance in protected crops and mushrooms

Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office.     

Relation between wheat-rye crossability and seed set of common wheat after pollination with other species in the Hordeae

Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of high wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) crossability set more seed with pollen of other related species than did wheats of low wheat-rye crossability. This was found to be true for pollen parents from the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Agropyron and Elymus.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.