New Design of Pre-amplification Circuit for EEG Signals

In the measurement of EEG signals ,the pre - amplification electrical signal of brain is the most importantant and key link. Whether the design is excellent or inferior is related to the electrical signal detection system of brain directly. The design of this circuit has been paid attention to by domestic and international expert all the time. On the basis of existing biological electricity amplifier which is studied, the authors consult the electric amplifier circuit of living beings designed , such as reference , improve and design a new-type and high performance electrical signal characteristic of brain in . The circuit has prevented the traditional design from enlarging the miscellaneous simulation of the circuit and straining the wave link, otherwise, this circuit is of simple structure , low cost, and convenient debugging. The paper has detailed theoritic analysis and experimental results to prove this circuit, which offered a new train of thought for reseach and development of brain electrical amplifier and other faint biological electricity amplifiers . This curcuit has be expected to win extensive application.     

Applications in Reconstructing Images of the Upper Limbs of Human Body Using Electrical Impedance Computed Tomography Techniques

Human body experiment is one of the key problems for the electrical impedance tomogryphy(EIT) in clinical meaning.In this paper an orbicular passive 32 electrode system which is suited for the upper limbs is developed,and the mathematical model for EIT to solve inverse problem is given.After testing many upper arms or forearms of persons, the author have reconstructed the images which are distinct to distinguish skeleton from muscle.     

Simulation analysis on stimulation patterns of three-dimension electrical impedance tomography

To solve the lack of information and the error in forward and inverse problem caused by the approximation of actual three-dimensional field from two-dimensional field in electrical impedance tomography (EIT), this article presents a new EIT system. This system improves one-dimensional electrode array to two-dimensional array, and extends the solution domain to the entire three-dimensional field in order to increase the information quantity and eliminate the model error. Based on several current stimulation patterns in EIT which might yield the best sensitiveness for 3-D field, we calculate the forward problem by finite element method and the distinguishability and surface projection image method. The results show that the back electrode pattern has obvious advantages in detecting depth and precision, and has convenience in clinical application. The conclusion of this article can provide reference for the study of 3-D EIT.     

Modeling and simulation based on open electrical impedance tomography

In order to improve the error in image reconstruction caused by changeable positions of the electrodes in closed electrical impedance tomography, we propose an open electrical impedance tomography (OEIT) model using fixed electrode array. The problem was approximately assumed to be a virtual field by defining certain local sensitive area instead of solving the boundary problem in the whole electromagnetic field strictly. Modeling and simulation of OEIT have been conducted to define reasonable boundary parameters and electrode array structure. The finite element method is used for forward computation while Newton one step error reconstructor is used for image reconstruction. The target position, area and conductivity change can be reflected by the relative change of the boundary voltage and the reconstructed image is clear. Better resolution and positioning accuracy can be obtained in the shallower surface of the body by OEIT, so it is valuable in clinical applications.     

Principle and Analysis of IEC61968

Distribution management utilizes the technique of electronics, computer, and automatics to supervise, control, or manage the distribution equipments and user equipments for improving the distribution management. Because the distribution management needs different systems of cooperation and realization of information sharing, realizing inter-application integration is difficult for electrical information system at present. On the background of distribution management system, through the analysis of the principle and character, feasibility of integration for disparate system, such as DMS, is discussed. The analysis results show that the information communication between disparate system, and the decoupling between interfaces and networks are realized by IEC61968. So it is feasible to integrate the disparate system by utilizing IEC61968.     

宰后牛骨骼肌肉生物电阻抗特性初探

用四电极法在多频(5-200kHz)条件下对宰后牛骨骼肌肉的电阻抗特性进行了初步的研究。发现牛骨骼肌生物电阻抗与肌肉纤维方向、电流信号频率和宰后肌肉所经历的阶段有关。横向电阻(沿垂直于骨骼肌纤维方向)大于纵向电阻(沿骨骼肌纤维方向),而且受电流信号频率的影响较明显,尤其是在5￣100kHz范围内。牛宰后生物电阻抗的变化与pH值的变化有一定的相关性。     

PROCESSING OF CHINESE CHARACTERS IN THE REAL-TIME SUPERVISORY SYSTEM

This paper presents a method of solving the problem of Chinese charactor information processing by building special Chinese charaacter library and simplifying Chinese character input/output technique in real-time supervisory system. It is successful to apply this method to the TF-200 Data Processing System. This method can be applied to other similar system. It is feasible to use Chinese characters in the language environment which Operation System (OS) supports.     

Post-process of Finite Element Method in Electrical Impedance Tomography

In the research of electrical impedance tomography (EIT), each calculation may produce a large amount of data(such as conductance , resistance etc.). The rule of these data is not clear and is hard to understand. How to express the calculation result by means of image in order that such parameters as conductance and resistance can be grasped from the image is significant in analyzing and understanding the calculation result and is helpful to the doctor. This paper has discussed the realization of the post-process of finite element method in electrical impedance tomography and we have developed the software of the post-process of finite element method using Visual C++ .NET and OpenGL. Some problems in drawing the contour line and color contour band have been solved properly.     

Analysis of cross-plane electrode arrays for electrical impedance tomography

A cross-plane electrical impedance tomography system is constructed to solve the problem of the conventional planar electrode array. This system consists of four planar and eight axial cross imaging planes composing from 65 electrodes. The Tikhonov regularization algorithm is adopted for image reconstruction in simulation and flume experiment. Comparison between the reconstruction result and the original object shows that the cross-plane reconstruction method in three-dimensional space provides higher spatial resolution and position accuracy. In addition, it effectively reduces the amount of computation, and reveals great prospect for the application of clinical examination and monitoring.     

A STUDY ON THE IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AIGORITHM FOR ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE CT

A new image reconstruction method fur electrical impedance CT is derived rigorously. The Jacobi Matrix is made sparse by analysing each narrow region which is detrmined by equipotential lines seperately. Both storage and computation can be deduced. The method is realized by using first order square FEM and some computer model is reconstructed. The relaxed version of Hildreth's method for interval convex programing is applied, which can hold the sparsity of the Jacobi Matrix and overcome the ill-condition of the matrix.     

The use of electrical impedance spectroscopy to assess the physiological condition of kiwifruit

The electrical impedance of kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson, cv. Hayward] was studied during fruit ripening. Measurements were made on whole fruit, and tissues excised from the outer pericarp, inner pericarp and core. Alternating current at frequencies between 50 Hz and 1 MHz was passed through fruit and tissue samples, and complex impedance spectra were separated into the resistances of the apoplast, cytoplasm and vacuole, and capacitances of the plasma membrane and tonoplast. The differences in R_50 Hz and R_1 MHz between tissues (representative of apoplast resistance and total tissue resistance, respectively) were explained in terms of the anatomy and composition of the respective tissues. Some variations were seen from one year to the other. During ripening, there was little change in the impedance characteristics of the fruit, despite a 10-fold decrease in firmness. This was unexpected since previous studies with nectarine, persimmon and tomato fruit have shown a considerable reduction in impedance during ripening. The failure to observe any impedance change was checked using a number of different methods for measuring impedance, by two different laboratories, and confirmed by measuring electrolyte leakage from tissue discs. All the results suggested that the mobility of electrolytes within the cell wall did not change during kiwifruit ripening. We speculate that physicochemical interactions that take place within the cell wall may have a major impact on the impedance of kiwifruit tissue.     

大鳞鲃形态特征及其相关参数分析

为深入掌握大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)生物学特性,进一步为大鳞鲃的分类和种质鉴定提供依据,利用传统形态学方法和解剖学方法,观察和测量了其外部形态特征、可量可数性状及内部组织结构特征。大鳞鲃呈梭型,身体被覆圆鳞,背面银灰色,腹面银白色,头较小,扁而宽,背鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍、臀鳍、尾鳍鳍条数分别为Ⅱ,7、15~17、8~9、6~8、20~22,侧线鳞、侧线上鳞、侧线下鳞数分别为60~75、12~14、9~12,第1鳃弓鳃耙数为17~18,脊椎骨数为46~48。利用统计分析方法建立了全长(LT)和体长(LB)之间的关系模型：LB=0.884LT-1.227(R2=0.994),体质量和体长之间的关系模型：WB=0.008 LB3.158(R2=0.974)。内部组织结构特征：口裂中等大小,咽喉齿发达,食道粗短,无胃,肠道弯曲多,较长,比肠长为2.227,比肝重为0.018,比内脏重为0.158,显示了其杂食性鱼类的消化系统的基本特征。鳃弓5对,第5对鳃弓演变成咽喉齿,鳔一个,分两室。雌雄异体,性腺一个,左右对称分布。一对“矢耳石”呈树叶型,中间厚周围薄,左右对向排列。本研究结果可为大鳞鲃的种质判别、系统分类、人工养殖和育种选育提供基础材料。     

Distributed Power Flow Method Based on Ward Equivalent

With interconnecting and developing of power system, the problem of power flow computation on dispersed data resource need to be solved. A new distributed computation method of power flow based on Ward equivalent is presented. According to master-slaver splitting principle, multi-area interconnected power system is divided into master-slaver areas. Boundary buses in different areas are defined as different bus-types. Neighborhood areas are equivalent by Ward equivalent principle, and the equivalent injection power and equivalent impedance are worked out. Power flows from master area to slaver areas are solved by Newton method, and the equivalent injection power and equivalent impedance on the boundary are modified by their solutions. The process above repeats until to convergence. The proposed distributed power flow method takes full advantage of the information of power, voltage, network configuration in neighborhood areas, so it is better on convergence and quality of solution. The proposed algorithm is testified by IEEE 14-bus system and a practical 181-bus system.     

Application of Surface Analysis Methods in Researching Anticoagulant Biomaterials

The main purpose of researching and designing(R&D) anticoagulant biomaterials is to find a polymer material which possesses some special properties, when it attatches to the blood or tissue of human body, it could not cause clotting, thrombus or inflammation. The properties of anticoagulant biomaterials mentioned is correlated with its surface property. So, the surface property of anticoagulant biomaterials need to be characterized. Seven general surface analysis methods and one novel nuclear method which are used to characterize anticoagulant biomaterials are summarized. The typical references for the application are listed to introduce the theory,advantage and disadvantage of each method. At last it is pointed out that only making full use of these methods can we comprehensively know the surface structure of anticoagulant biomaterials, and then use these information to guide our research.     

Application of FISH in Biological Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Wastewater

The application of Fluorescence In-situ Hybridization (FISH) to research of biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater was discussed after a brief introduction of its principal theory.Though there exists close relationship between macroscopical performance of biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorous and the state of microorganism, the sort, quantity and structure of microbes inside the wastewater treating system had not been well understood yet because of lack of proper examining technology.The research shows that FISH can provide an excellent examining method for identification and sub-classification of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) and nitrifying bacteria.Moreover, the combination of FISH with other methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can make it more powerful.     

Grounding Resistance Calculation Methods of SZJ Grounding System

With theoretic analysis, lab experiment and engineering application, it is indicated that the SZJ grounding system is a new type grounding system which distinctly reduces the grounding impedance of grounding grids, especially of grounding grids in the zones with high-resistivity or grounding grids with scanty area. The design and calculation method for application of SZJ grounding system is also studied.     

盐碱地区不同观赏树种电阻抗图谱参数和电导率的变化

在盐碱地区对4-6月生长期的两种不同观赏树种垂榆（Ulmus pumila var. pendula）和女贞（Ligustrum lucidum）进行电导率及电阻抗测定,分析春季和初夏生长期间在盐碱地区这两种不同观赏树种电导率和电阻抗图谱参数的变化。结果表明：在自然的盐碱环境条件下生长的垂榆和女贞,随着生长期的延长其电导率和电阻抗图谱参数均出现规律性变化,垂榆和女贞的叶片电导率均表现为先增加、后减小的变化趋势,茎均表现为先减小、后增加的变化趋势;两种观赏树种叶片的胞外电阻率表现为先增加、后减小的变化趋势,茎的胞外电阻率和弛豫时间表现为不断增加或先增加、后减小的变化趋势。相关分析表明应用电阻抗图谱参数可以表征观赏树种受盐胁迫的程度,为垂榆和女贞耐盐碱程度的电阻抗诊断提供初步的参数。     

抗生素废水生物处理法的研究进展

为了更好地为抗生素废水治理提供工艺参考。笔者在分析抗生素废水特点的基础上,总结了国内外普遍使用的几种抗生素废水生物处理方法：包括好氧法、厌氧法、好氧-厌氧法以及其他组合工艺,探讨了目前存在的一些问题和解决方法,同时也对抗生素废水生物处理法的应用前景进行了展望。     

蜈蚣藻多糖生物活性研究

蜈蚣藻是广泛分布在中国浅海的一种大型红藻，其多糖具有优秀的生物活性，笔者着重研究蜈蚣藻多糖的益生效应，以期将蜈蚣藻多糖开发为一种新型且更为高效的益生元，起到调节人体的免疫力、增强体质的作用，使其能够作为双歧杆菌的促生长因子应用于酸奶的发酵工业中。实验采用水提法提取蜈蚣藻多糖，使用96孔板法对蜈蚣藻多糖进行益生菌增殖实验研究，以低聚果糖组与其作对照。对蜈蚣藻多糖进行体外益生效应测试，发现蜈蚣藻多糖益生效应显著，并明显优于低聚果糖；进行抑菌效应测试，发现蜈蚣藻多糖和低聚果糖都不存在抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌增殖的作用，反而具有较弱的促进作用，但都处于身体可承受的范围之内。初步判断蜈蚣藻多糖具有较好的益生效应，可以作为益生元进一步研究。     

Dynamic Imaging for 3 - D Brain Hematoma

Based on disturbance method of electrical current field, numerical calculation about dynamic imaging for brain hematomas have been studied on a 3 - D sphere model. With current injected, we have found the law of the brain boundary potentials'change while the volume of brain hematoma changed. Some studies about the effect of brain skull with poor electrical conductivity to the brain boundary potentials. The results show that we can know the change of brain hematomas in terms of the measurement for the change of boundary potentials. The injected current can penetrate through the skull. These results are valuable to help doctor to accurately diagnose the brain hematoma and realize the noninvasive monitoring the brain hematoma.