不同浓度1-MCP处理对树莓贮藏保鲜效果的影响

为探究1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理对树莓贮藏保鲜效果的影响，以树莓为试材，采用不同质量浓度（1.07、2.14、3.21 mg/m3）1-MCP处理20 h后置于（0±0.5）℃冰温库中贮藏，每4 d进行一次取样，通过测定树莓贮藏期间感官品质、腐烂率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、总酚含量、类黄酮含量、花青素含量等指标，研究1-MCP处理对树莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明：1-MCP处理可以维持树莓果实较好的感官品质，显著延缓可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及总酚含量的下降，维持贮藏前期较高的类黄酮含量，降低花青素的积累，抑制腐烂率的升高。在3个浓度1-MCP处理中，1.07 mg/m3和2.14 mg/m3表现出的效果较好，能更好地维持采后树莓的贮藏品质，延缓果实衰老。     

不同浓度臭氧熏蒸处理对树莓贮藏保鲜效果的影响

以树莓果实为试材,采用不同质量浓度(0、6.42、12.84、19.26 mg/m³)臭氧熏蒸处理1 h后在(0±0.5)℃的条件下贮藏16 d,探究不同质量浓度的臭氧熏蒸处理对树莓贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：与未处理的对照相比,臭氧处理可使树莓果实保持良好的感官品质,抑制腐烂,延缓果实硬度的下降,保持较高的可溶性固形物含量,提高果实亮度L^*值和a^*值,抑制丙二醛含量的上升。此外,较低质量浓度的臭氧处理有利于维持树莓果实中的总酚含量,其中以6.42 mg/m³臭氧熏蒸处理的保鲜效果最好。     

不同物理处理方式对蓝莓贮藏品质的影响

为研究不同物理处理方式对蓝莓采后贮藏品质的影响,以采后蓝莓为试验试材,研究微波处理、紫外（UV-C）辐照处理、冰温贮藏对蓝莓采后贮藏中的失质量率、可溶性固形物（TSS）、总糖及总酚含量的影响。结果表明,微波处理不适合蓝莓保鲜;紫外辐照处理提高了总糖、可溶性固形物和总酚的含量,失质量率没有明显变化;冰温贮藏降低了蓝莓的代谢速率,减缓总糖、可溶性固形物的流失速度,降低总酚的积累速度,降低蓝莓的失质量率。故紫外辐照和冰温贮藏可以提升蓝莓的贮藏品质,维持蓝莓的风味。     

UV-C照射对鲜切豇豆的保鲜效果研究

为探究短波紫外线（UV-C）照射对鲜切豇豆的保鲜效果,在预试验结果的基础上,分别采用0、0.5 kJ/m2的UV-C处理豇豆,然后将其置于4 ℃条件下贮藏,定期测定相关指标。结果表明：采用0.5 kJ/m2 UV-C照射可以维持鲜切豇豆较高的VC、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量,减少鲜切豇豆丙二醛（MDA）的积累,同时还能保持鲜切豇豆较高的总酚、类黄酮含量,并提高抗氧化酶的活性,包括过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）,一定程度上稳定多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性。综合来说,0.5 kJ/m2 UV-C处理可用于鲜切豇豆的贮藏保鲜。     

低温贮藏期对芒果果实抗氧化能力和品质的影响

探明低温贮藏期对‘台农1号’芒果(Mangifera indica L．)果实病害、抗氧化水平以及果实品质的影响,以期为采后芒果果实的低温贮藏提供科学的理论依据。以广西百色地区的‘台农1号’芒果为试材,采用10 °低温贮藏果实,分别在贮藏期第0、5、10、15、20、25和30 d时,测定果实中抗氧化能力包括过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、总抗氧化能力、多酚氧化酶、超氧阴离子、过氧化氢、丙二醛、总酚,和果实品质包括可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C,以及果实发病情况等指标。结果表明,贮藏期第15 d,芒果病害开始出现,而且,随贮藏期越长,果实腐烂率越高。贮藏前期(15d以前)果实中过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力和总酚等维持了较高的含量；贮藏后期(20 d以后)果实组织中超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力和总酚含量显著降低,而丙二醛含量明显增加,同时,果实中可溶性固形物开始下降,可滴定酸含量进一步降低。综合以上结果表明,采用10 °低温贮藏‘台农1号’芒果果实,中短期(20d左右)为宜。     

热空气处理对‘白玉’枇杷品质及冷害的影响

为研究热空气处理对“白玉”枇杷贮藏品质及冷害的影响,本文以“白玉”枇杷为试材,探索了46℃热空气处理对蛋白组分含量变化的影响,并对各处理（6±1）℃冷藏期间果实冷害指数、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、失重率、腐烂率和果实硬度进行测定。试验结果表明：冷藏及货架期间,46℃热空气处理果实可维持较高的可溶性蛋白和热稳定蛋白含量;抑制了冷藏期间果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量的下降,保持了较高的果实硬度,显著降低了果实的腐烂率、失重率和冷害指数,其中以46℃热空气处理30min后冷藏效果最好。以上结果显示,果实蛋白组分含量的变化与果实采后冷藏过程中抗冷性有关,且热空气处理提高了果实的贮藏品质。     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对采后葡萄果实贮藏品质的影响

通过研究贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对葡萄果实贮藏品质的影响,为提高葡萄果实采后贮藏稳定性,延长贮藏期提供科学依据。以“玫瑰香”葡萄为试材,用拮抗菌溶液（TP-1）处理葡萄果实,以无菌水处理作为对照,处理后将果实分别置于25 ℃与4 ℃条件下贮藏,测定葡萄果实贮藏期间腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物含量、相对电导率、硬度、果皮色度、VC含量以及可滴定酸含量的变化。结果表明：整个贮藏期间,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TP-1处理可以有效降低葡萄果实腐烂率,常温贮藏25 d时,腐烂率仅为42%,低于其他处理组;葡萄果实失重率在贮藏期内大幅上升,但贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TP-1处理果实失重率均低于对照组,在常温贮藏25 d时,效果最明显;葡萄果实硬度在贮藏期内逐渐下降,常温贮藏15~25 d果实硬度下降最快,贮藏25 d时,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TP-1处理组果实硬度最高,为1.21 kg/cm2。此外,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TP-1处理还可抑制葡萄果实相对电导率的上升,维持果皮色度和较高水平的可溶性固形物含量,延缓可滴定酸和VC降解。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TP-1处理组能有效维持葡萄果实贮藏品质。     

短波紫外线照射对白玉菇采后贮藏品质的影响

以白玉菇为试材,贮藏于4℃条件下,分别采用0(对照组CK)、0.5、1.0、2.0 kJ/m~2剂量的UVC进行照射,定期测定白玉菇颜色、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、总酚含量及DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率等指标,探讨短波紫外线(UV-C)照射对白玉菇采后贮藏品质的影响,为UV-C技术应用于白玉菇保鲜提供理论依据。结果表明,0.5、1.0 kJ/m~2的UV-C处理可有效保持白玉菇白度、促进总酚的合成和积累,提高抗氧化物活性并抑制PPO活性的升高。其中1.0 kJ/m~2处理组白玉菇的DPPH·清除率和总酚含量显著高于0.5 kJ/m~2UV-C处理组和CK组(P0.05),而经2.0 kJ/m~2 UV-C照射后白玉菇的L*值、DPPH·清除率和总酚含量均出现明显下降。贮藏21 d后,1.0 kJ/m~2UV-C处理组白玉菇感官品质显著高于CK组(P0.05),贮藏期延长7 d以上。适宜剂量UV-C处理可提高采后白玉菇保鲜效果,但照射剂量过大会对白玉菇造成损伤,1.0 kJ/m~2UV-C处理的综合保鲜效果较好。     

臭氧处理对哈密瓜常温贮藏品质的影响

以"西州蜜25号"哈密瓜为原料,在常温下分别对其进行0 mg/m³(对照组)和10 mg/m³臭氧(处理组)处理4 h,并置于常温(22±2)℃下进行贮藏。通过观察哈密瓜果实的腐烂症状,测定腐烂指数、可溶性糖等指标,研究10 mg/m³臭氧处理对哈密瓜贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,臭氧处理可降低果实腐烂指数,减轻腐烂症状,抑制果实呼吸作用,并延缓果实硬度和抗坏血酸含量的下降速度,较好地维持了果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,一定程度上保持了果实的贮藏品质。     

不同处理对樱桃番茄贮藏品质的影响

为了探究不同品种的樱桃番茄果实在采后贮藏期间生理生化的变化,以吉甜一号和千禧两种樱桃番茄果实作为试验材料,在4℃贮藏条件下贮藏16 d,定期观察其外观品质,并测定其相关生理指标以确定最优品种,同时对两种樱桃番茄果实进行气调处理(4%O₂+2%CO₂)、1-MCP处理和0.25 kJ/m² UV-C辐照处理,进一步探究更有益于樱桃番茄果实的采后贮藏方式。结果表明:在4℃贮藏条件下,吉甜一号比千禧樱桃番茄果实外观品质更优,更有利于贮藏;使用0.25 kJ/m² UV-C辐照处理能够抑制两种樱桃番茄果实的硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降,延缓可溶性蛋白的流失,较好地减少了果实营养物质的消耗;使用1-MCP处理能够保持两种樱桃番茄果实可溶性固形物含量,有效抑制果实中VC含量的降低;经0.25 kJ/m² UV-C辐照处理和1-MCP处理均能有效保持两种樱桃番茄的品质,而气调处理虽能减少樱桃番茄的乙烯释放量,但不利于贮藏保鲜。     

UV-C结合生物保鲜剂处理对水蜜桃常温保鲜与贮藏效果研究

旨在研究常温条件下短波紫外线(UV-C)照射处理结合不同保鲜剂的单一或复合涂膜处理对水蜜桃果实的保鲜效果,以期发现最适宜的处理方式延长其货架期。以江苏省张家港市的凤凰水蜜桃为试验材料,采用20 W的紫外灯进行处理(照射剂量:1 k J/m~2,照射距离:25 cm,照射时间:3 min),UV-C处理后的桃果实分组分别进行溶菌酶、抗坏血酸、海藻酸钠以及这3种保鲜剂复合共4种溶液涂膜处理,常温(28±3)℃条件保存,试验跨度为14 d,每隔2 d测相关生理生化指标。UV-C处理结合保鲜剂涂膜均能有效减少果实腐烂,明显延缓丙二醛(MDA)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的上升趋势,并保存果实的可溶性固形物,单一保鲜剂处理之间效果差异不明显;"UV-C+抗坏血酸+海藻酸钠+溶菌酶"复合处理的水蜜桃保鲜效果最好,腐烂指数、失重率和可溶性固形物在第14天分别低于对照组73.02%,67.16%,27.97%,呼吸高峰由4 d推迟至10 d,硬度、MDA增长和PPO活性增强速率分别低于对照组69.37%,45.06%,19.65%。UV-C处理结合抗坏血酸、海藻酸钠和溶菌酶复合保鲜剂处理的方法在常温条件下能够有效降低桃果实的腐烂程度,延缓丙二醛(MDA)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的上升,明显推迟呼吸高峰,可作为一种新型水蜜桃果实常温保鲜方法进行推广使用。     

Effect of preharvest UV-C treatment of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) on ripening and pathogen resistance

Treatment with UV-C of tomato fruit on the vine was conducted using a mobile unit that was designed to be conveyed between the rows of tomato plants in a commercial glasshouse. Trusses of fruit both at the ripe and mature green phase were treated with UV-C doses of 3 and 8 kJ/m². Ripe fruit were picked 8 h after treatment and kept at room temperature for up to 16 d during which colour development and texture were monitored and compared to untreated controls. Mature green fruit treated on the vine with UV-C doses of 3 or 8 kJ/m² showed only a slight loss in green pigmentation in contrast to the tomato colour index (TCI) of control fruit which increased sharply 5 d after treatment. The TCI of ripe fruit treated with UV-C at a dose of 8 kJ/m² showed a lag of 10 d before increasing to a final value comparable to that of untreated fruit. Fruit treated with a dose of 3 kJ/m² did not display a lag but the increase in TCI occurred at a lower rate than for the controls. Firmness remained higher in fruit treated with the highest UV-C dose compared to fruit treated with the lower UV-C dose and controls. Fruit covered with UV impermeable film on the same plants as those that had received a UV-C dose of 3 kJ/m² had become ripe by day 6 in a manner similar to that of the controls. By contrast, fruit from trusses adjacent to those that had been treated with a UV-C dose of 8 kJ/m² remained green over the same period of time. Ripe fruit treated as described above were inoculated with spores of Penicillium digitatum after UV-C treatment and their firmness monitored over 12 d. A dose response effect was found with fruit treated at the highest dose remaining firmer than those treated at the lower dose and the controls.     

氯化钙处理对采后蓝莓果实品质的影响

为研究不同浓度氯化钙处理对采后蓝莓品质的影响,本试验分别采用15、30 g/L的氯化钙及去离子水(对照)浸泡处理采后蓝莓10 min,并于4℃下贮藏。以14 d为1个测定周期,对采后蓝莓果实的基本生理指标、原果胶和可溶性果胶含量、抗性相关酶活性、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力进行测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,氯化钙处理可延缓采后蓝莓果实腐烂率、失重率的上升,抑制硬度、可溶性固形物含量、原果胶含量的下降,降低呼吸强度以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,诱导过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,提升超氧阴离子自由基清除能力及总抗氧化能力。氯化钙处理对采后蓝莓果实有较好的保鲜效果,且以15 g/L氯化钙处理效果最佳。     

Effect of UV-C treatments on phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of minimally processed Satsuma mandarin during refrigerated storage

The effect of UV-C treatments (0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 kJ/m²) on fruit quality, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of minimally processed Satsuma mandarin during 12 days of storage at 4 °C was studied. The results showed that UV-C treatments had no adverse effects on quality attributes, ascorbic acid, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity of mandarin segments. Significant increases of flavonoids (22.20% and 21.34% for narirutin, 11.75% and 33.25% for hesperidin) and total phenolics (5.73% and 8.13%) were found in 1.5 and 3.0 kJ/m² UV-C treated fruit at 3 days of storage. Further study confirmed that the increase of flavonoids occurred during the first 3 days and diminished after 4 days of storage. UV-C dose at 3.0 kJ/m² did not further improve the increase of flavonoids, and 0.75 kJ/m² had no significant effects on phenolics. Proper application of UV-C treatment could be a new way to enhance the functional quality of minimally processed citrus fruit.     

不同干燥方法对番石榴果实品质及抗氧化活性的影响

为了比较热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥对不同品种番石榴果实品质及抗氧化活性的影响。采用热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥技术制备番石榴果实,以鲜果为对照,探究不同干燥方式对6种番石榴的可溶性固形物、总酸、总糖、抗坏血酸、单宁、总酚、类黄酮等含量及抗氧化活性的影响。结果发现,与鲜果相比,干燥得到的6个品种番石榴的可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、单宁、抗坏血酸、总黄酮含量及总抗氧化力均显著下降,而总酚含量呈上升趋势。热风干燥有利于保留番石榴果实的总黄酮和单宁含量,而真空冷冻干燥则有利于保留其可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、总酚及抗坏血酸含量,更有助于抗氧化活性的保留。6个品种番石榴经热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥后,只有‘金斗香’番石榴的可溶性固形物、总糖和总酸含量与鲜果相比无显著下降;此外,‘金斗香’番石榴的总酚、总黄酮含量和总抗氧化力均高于其他品种,经干燥处理后总酚含量可提升2.5倍左右,而类黄酮含量可保留鲜果的50%以上,总抗氧化力的保留率最高可达60.98%。本研究表明干燥加工有助于获取更多番石榴酚类物质,真空冷冻干燥更有利于酚类物质和抗坏血酸的保留,热风干燥有利于黄酮的保留。从有效成分保留和品种特性考虑,真空冷冻干燥可作为规模化生产番石榴干制品的较优加工手段,而‘金斗香’番石榴可作为首选品种。     

Increasing strawberry shelf-life with carvacrol and methyl cinnamate antimicrobial vapors released from edible films

The effect of carvacrol and methyl cinnamate vapors incorporated into strawberry puree edible films on the postharvest quality of strawberry fruit (Fragaria × ananassa) was investigated. Fresh strawberries were packed in clamshells and kept at 10 °C for 10 days with 90% RH. Strawberry puree edible films, applied in the clamshell, served as carriers for the controlled release of natural antimicrobial compounds without direct contact with the fruit. Changes in weight loss, visible decay, firmness, surface color, total soluble solids content, total soluble phenolics content and antioxidant capacity of strawberries during storage were evaluated. A significant delay and reduction in the severity of visible decay was observed in fruit exposed to antimicrobial vapors. Carvacrol and methyl cinnamate vapors released from the films helped to maintain firmness and brightness of strawberries as compare to the untreated strawberries. The natural antimicrobial vapors also increased the total soluble phenolics content and antioxidant activity of fruit at the end of the storage period.     

Changes in antioxidant activity and postharvest quality of sweet pomegranates cv. Hicrannar under modified atmosphere packaging

The effects of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on antioxidant compounds and storage quality of ‘Hicrannar’ sweet pomegranates were investigated during long term storage. Pomegranates were harvested at the commercial harvest stage and packed in two different types of MAP (MAP1 and MAP2). After packaging, all fruit were stored at 6 °C and 90–95% RH for 120 days, then removed from storage for different quality analyses. Some fruit were kept at 20 °C for 3 days to simulate a period of shelf-life. Fruit weight loss, decay index, skin color, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were determined. Internal atmospheres created by the MAP were periodically assessed during cold storage, and CO₂ concentrations increased and O₂ concentrations decreased inside the MAP. MAP significantly reduced weight loss after both 120 days of cold storage and shelf-life. MAP2 was the most effective packaging in reducing weight loss. Storage of pomegranates in MAP also reduced decay and the decay index, and maintained visual appearance compared to control fruit. During storage, a decrease in L* and C* values and an increase in h° values were observed in all treatments. However, fruit stored in MAP2 had higher L*, C* and lower h° values than in other treatments. Titratable acidity and total soluble solids decreased after cold storage and shelf-life, and no significant differences among treatments were found. Total phenolics, total anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity increased during the storage period in control fruit.     

UV-C结合1-MCP处理对香梨采后果实品质及生理活性的影响

以库尔勒香梨(Pyresbretschnei deri Rehd)为试材,研究UV-C结合1-MCP处理对香梨采后品质及生理变化的影响,为香梨采后保鲜及病害控制提供理论依据。香梨采后用UV-C结合1-MCP处理,贮藏于低温(-1℃,RH：90%~95%)条件下,研究其对果实品质和生理活性的影响。结果表明：UV-C结合1- MCP处理能够显著抑制果实硬度的下降,保持较高的可溶性固性物含量,抑制VC含量和色度角的降低。经UV-C结合1-MCP处理的香梨呼吸跃变延后,呼吸高峰降低,乙烯释放量下降,乙烯释放高峰推迟。此外,UV-C结合1-MCP处理降低了细胞膜渗透率的上升,抑制了丙二醛(MDA)含量的增加。由此表明：UV-C结合1-MCP处理能够延缓香梨采后果实的生理衰老,保持果实品质。     

不同处理方式对黄花梨果实贮藏效果的影响

摘要：本文研究了在低温下（0℃）不同的保鲜方式,不同成熟度的黄花梨果实,不同的采收方式等因素对黄花梨果实贮藏效果的影响。实验结果表明：在0℃下,黄花梨果实的呼吸高峰推迟,果实硬度维持时间较长,腐烂率明显下降,有效地延长了黄花梨果实的贮藏时间。而且,黄花梨果实在八成熟时选择阴天采摘,在0℃下可以贮藏85天以上,且品质较好。