外源NO协同N-乙酰半胱氨酸对肥城桃果实线粒体抗氧化系统的调控作用

探讨外源NO和N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冷藏期间肥城桃果实线粒体抗氧化系统的影响。分别用15μmol/L NO溶液,80 mmol/L N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC,活性氧清除剂)和15μmol/L NO的混合溶液,5μmol/L的c-PTIO(NO清除剂)溶液对肥城桃果实进行浸果处理,测定果实冷藏期间线粒体呼吸、线粒体膜电势、线粒体中丙二醛和活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化。15μmol/L NO处理显著降低了桃果实线粒体ROS的含量;80 mmol/L NAC-15μmol/L NO处理桃果实线粒体ROS含量在第2周后显著低于对照和其他处理;而5μmol/L c-PTIO处理桃果实线粒体ROS含量显著高于其他处理。在抗氧化酶(POD、SOD、CAT)活性测定中,15μmol/L NO处理提高了桃果实线粒体中抗氧化酶的活性,高于对照和5μmol/L c-PTIO处理;80 mmol/L NAC-15μmol/L NO处理能够提高SOD的活性,但对于POD和CAT的活性有抑制作用;而5μmol/L c-PTIO处理抑制桃果实线粒体中抗氧化酶的活性。15μmol/L NO处理降低了桃果实线粒体中MDA含量,除第2周均低于对照和其他处理外;80 mmol/L NAC-15μmol/L NO处理桃果实线粒体MDA含量在第1周后显著高于对照和其他处理;而5μmol/L c-PTIO处理桃果实在第2,3周时线粒体中MDA含量高于对照和15μmol/L NO处理。15μmol/L NO处理能够提高线粒体膜电势,在第3周时到达最大值,是对照的1.2倍;80 mmol/L NAC-15μmol/L NO处理桃线粒体膜电势最高,高于对照和其他处理;而5μmol/L c-PTIO处理降低了线粒体膜电势,显著低于对照和其他处理。15μmol/L NO处理抑制了桃线粒体呼吸;80 mmol/L NAC-15μmol/L NO处理使线粒体呼吸高峰提前1周;而5μmol/L c-PTIO处理提高了线粒体呼吸高峰,耗氧量大于对照和其他处理。外源NO和NAC处理能够提高桃果实线粒体抗氧化系统的抗氧化能力,延缓桃果实线粒体功能的下降。     

一氧化氮和冷胁迫对桃果实细胞膜脂过氧化的影响

以肥城桃为材料,研究经NO、c-PTIO(NO消除剂)溶液及双蒸水处理(对照,CK)的桃果实在常温(25℃)和低温(0℃)贮藏下细胞膜脂过氧化相关酶活性和代谢产物的变化。结果表明:在低温贮藏期间,NO处理的桃果实丙二醛的含量仅为CK的29.4%,脯氨酸含量为CK的1.37倍,NO处理显著提高了抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、POD和APX的活性,分别为CK的1.31,1.48,1.32和1.65倍;在常温贮藏期间,c-PTIO处理的桃果实丙二醛含量为CK的2.52倍,脯氨酸含量为CK的58.8%,细胞膜通透性为CK的1.48倍,c-PTIO显著降低了桃果实SOD、CAT和POD的活性,仅为CK的88.1%,77.1%和72.1%。在冷信号胁迫下,NO处理的桃果实提高了相关抗氧化酶的活性,使渗透调节物质的含量增加,并降低了细胞膜的通透性和细胞膜脂过氧化程度,减少了对细胞膜的损害。     

一氧化氮对冷藏鲜切桃贮藏品质的影响

为探究适宜的鲜切桃冷藏条件下抑制褐变的方法,将鲜切"蒙阴"桃分别在清水(对照)、5、10、15μmol/L一氧化氮(NO)溶液中浸泡5 min,并于5℃下贮藏10 d,研究NO对鲜切桃贮藏期间品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,NO处理有效延缓了鲜切桃片褐变度的升高以及硬度、L*值、可溶性固形物含量的下降,从而使鲜切桃在贮藏期间保持了较好的外观品质;同时NO处理减低了多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性高峰值,从而降低了褐变程度,提高了鲜切桃超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,抑制了丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)和总酚含量的上升,提高了鲜切桃片的贮藏品质,其中以10μmol/L NO保鲜效果最好。由此表明,10μmol/L NO处理是一种较好的抑制鲜切桃褐变的加工方法。     

一氧化氮与低温协同处理对巨峰葡萄果实贮藏品质的影响

探究不同浓度一氧化氮(NO)和冷藏处理对巨峰葡萄采后贮藏品质的影响。以巨峰葡萄作为试验材料,用不同浓度NO溶液浸泡处理葡萄果实,在0,25℃条件下恒温贮藏,研究不同浓度NO和冷藏处理对巨峰葡萄采后果实硬度、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白浓度、可溶性糖含量、活性氧含量、丙二醛含量及脯氨酸含量等物质含量的变化。相比5,30μmol/L NO处理,15μmol/L NO处理有效地保持了采后葡萄果实的果实硬度,推迟了果实中可溶性蛋白浓度、可溶性糖以及维生素C含量的降低时间,抑制了活性氧含量和丙二醛含量的升高,提高了采后葡萄果实的脯氨酸含量,使葡萄果实在采后储存过程中能较长时间保持果实风味,延缓腐败时间并提高果实抗逆性。而0℃冷藏能有效保持采后葡萄果实的果实硬度,抑制了果实中的丙二醛含量和活性氧含量的增加,从而大大减缓了采后葡萄的腐败时间,提高了葡萄果实采后的可运输性。5μmol/L NO处理对采后葡萄果实各生理指标的影响并不明显,30μmol/L NO处理对葡萄果实表现出轻微毒害作用。15μmol/L NO和冷藏能有效地保持采后葡萄果实的果实硬度,推迟可溶性糖、维生素C等各营养品质指标的降低时间,抑制活性氧含量和丙二醛含量的增加,从而保持果实风味,提高果实抗逆性。     

采后油菜素内酯处理对久保桃果实活性氧代谢的影响

以久保桃果实为试材,研究采后油菜素内酯(BL)浸泡处理对桃果实活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,采后5μmol/L BL处理提高了桃果实超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,但抑制了贮藏前期过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的升高。此外,BL处理抑制了丙二醛(MDA)含量的上升,提高了果实总抗氧化能力。由此表明,采后BL处理延缓桃果实衰老与提高果实抗氧化保护系统性能有关。     

采后一氧化氮熏蒸处理对延缓日本李果实后熟及减轻贮藏期间果实冷害的作用效果

研究了一氧化氮(NO)熏蒸处理对日本李‘Amber Jewel’果实后熟、冷害控制及贮藏品质的作用效果。将达到商品成熟的李果实分别用0、5、10、20μL.L-1的NO气体在20℃条件下熏蒸2 h。熏蒸之后的果实一部分放置在(21±1)℃环境下后熟,其他果实在(21±1)℃环境下放置5 d后置于0℃条件下分别贮藏5、6、7周。结果表明,所有浓度的NO熏蒸处理均能够显著(P≤0.5)抑制李果实在(21±1)℃环境下的呼吸强度及乙烯生成速率,并且抑制了果皮颜色的变化,延缓了果实软化,说明NO熏蒸处理推迟了果实的后熟进程。10、20μL.L-1浓度的NO熏蒸处理能够推迟果实后熟过程中可滴定酸(TA)含量的下降,同时保持可溶性固形物(SSC)浓度不发生显著变化(P≤0.5)。在0℃条件下贮藏5、6、7周时,NO熏蒸处理能够有效抑制果实后熟的相关参数如皮色、硬度和TA的变化。经过NO熏蒸处理之后,冷藏和(21±1)℃环境下后熟的果实中单糖(果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和山梨糖)的结构发生了显著的变化。经NO熏蒸处理、在(21±1)℃环境下放置5 d后冷藏5、6、7周的果实其冷害症状(果肉褐变及水浸状变化)要显著低于未使用NO熏蒸处理的果实。NO熏蒸处理能够有效减缓李果实的后熟进程及控制之后冷藏过程中腐烂的发生。综上所述,日本李‘Amber Jewel’果实采后用NO气体(10μL.L-1)熏蒸处理能够使其在(21±1)℃环境下的后熟进程推迟3~4 d,并且可以减轻果实在0℃下贮藏6周内的冷害症状。     

褪黑素处理对百香果采后生理及质构特性的影响

为探讨褪黑素处理对百香果采后生理及质构特性的影响,分别用褪黑素(200 μmol/L)和清水(CK)处理百香果,研究其在4℃冷藏期间果实的失重率、细胞膜通透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及质构特性的变化.结果 表明,200 μmol/L褪黑素处理组能有效减少百香果贮藏期间的水分损失,延缓百香果失重率的增加,保持果实较好的SOD和CAT活性水平,抑制POD活性和MDA的积累,降低细胞膜透性,保持百香果果实细胞膜的完整性,从而保持果实良好的采后品质,延缓果实衰老.     

膜醭毕赤酵母和BTH结合使用对桃果实青霉病的抑制效果

本文研究了0.2 g·L-1苯比噻二唑(BTH)提高膜醭毕赤酵母对桃果实采后青霉病的抑制作用效果。结果表明,0.2 g·L-1BTH能够增强膜醭毕赤酵母对扩展青霉菌诱发的桃果实青霉病的生物防治活性。二者结合使用,对青霉病的抑制作用比单独使用膜醭毕赤酵母或BTH更有效。这种复合处理对超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性具有协同增效作用,这种作用可以诱发果实产生更强的抗病性,降低青霉菌对桃果实的伤害。而且使用这种复合处理方法,在20℃下贮藏6 d内,可很好地保持桃果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸和VC含量。说明使用BTH是增强膜醭毕赤酵母生物防治活性的一种有效方法。     

外源NO对铝胁迫下萝卜种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

为探究外源NO对萝卜铝胁迫的缓解作用,以高浓度铝胁迫(0.5 mmol·L~(-1))下的萝卜品种春红1号为试验材料,以SNP为NO供体材料,研究不同浓度((0μmol·L~(-1)、25μmol·L~(-1)、50μmol·L~(-1)、100μmol·L~(-1)、150μmol·L~(-1)、200μmol·L~(-1))SNP对铝胁迫下萝卜种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,高浓度的铝离子对萝卜生长有严重抑制作用,施加100μmol·L~(-1) SNP能够促进萝卜种子发芽,增加萝卜幼苗光合色素含量,提高过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,降低根尖的O_2~(·-)产生速率和H_2O_2含量。研究表明,适宜浓度的NO可有效缓解铝胁迫对萝卜种子和幼苗的毒害。     

烟酰胺对小鼠肝细胞能量代谢的影响

利用原代培养的小鼠肝细胞,研究烟酰胺(Nicotinamide,NA)对细胞能量代谢的影响.以不同浓度的NA(0～500 μmol/L)干预24 h后,检测细胞和培养介质中一氧化氮(NO)含量,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力及三种能量代谢指标乳酸(LD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase).结果表明,随着NA浓度的增加,其对肝细胞能量代谢的促进作用逐渐上升,当浓度为200 μmoL/L时达到高峰,即200 μmol/L NA的促进效果最为显著,而当NA浓度达到500μmol/L时,肝细胞能量代谢水平反而低于对照组.表明一定浓度范围内烟酰胺具有促进肝细胞能量代谢的作用.     

Energy Conservation and Energy Using and Recycling Energy

With science and technology developing, the need of energy increases in our lives and industries. Normal energy is lacking in our country, and the average is half of the average of the world. The conflicting between supplying and needing is apparent. So it seems that the energy may be gone. It is necessary that development of recycling energy is considered. The new energy and recycling energy will be the main energy in the future.     

江苏农村家庭能源消费研究

农村家庭能源消费是国家能源消费的重要组成部分,对农村社会、经济及生态环境有重要的影响。在江苏9个典型县3645家庭能源消费及其相关问题入户调查数据分析的基础上,给出了江苏典型地区农村家庭人均能源消费水平和最终用能消费结构,比较研究了苏南、苏中、苏北三地区能源消费结构和有效热中商品能所占比例的差异,分析了能源消费与家庭纯收入的变化关系。研究为认识农村经济发展过程中家庭能源消费特征,建立能源供需平衡体系和生物质资源的规模化利用有着重要的意义。     

Thermal Performance Optimization of Solar Heating Building Envelope in Tibet of China

Solar heating system is a promising sustainable energy source for buildings. Simulation models using EnergyPlus and TRNSYS were used to optimize the solar heating building enclose thermal insulation. The sensitive analysis of active solar heating system design parameters and energy consumption was conducted to study the influence of building envelope thermal performance on the active solar heating system. The two object functions, investing cost and lift time cost, were used to optimize the building envelope insulation. The results show that not only the energy consumption can be reduced by increasing the building envelope thermal performance, but also can minimize the investing cost.     

Discussion about Saving Energy in Refrigeratory

Food refrigeration is regarded as a high energy consuming trade. Under the long period system of state operated enterprise,there are many phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy. Energy consuming is not very clear for production.Consuming in our country is far more than the international standard and there is a distance between the middle_westland and the eastland. As a enterprise that faces the international market,it is important for it to strength the management so that the cost can be reduced. Considering those phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy in refrigeratory at present, some measures such as improved the unreasonable operation process, strengthening the energy management and automation to realize automatizing operation are improved to reduce the cost for refrigeratory trades.     

Study on Calculation Method of Energy Savings for Public Buildings

According to the principles of various methods and energy consumption characteristics in Chongqing, new method of energy saving calculation is proposed for public buildings. It's shown that building envelope, facilities and energy management play the key role in energy saving reconstruction. Considering the difficulty of measuring adjustment quantity, the calculation should be under some certain prerequisites (design conditions), also the prevailing industry standards can be fully utilized. During the energy saving calculation, another key point is how to reflect the contribution rate of the single technologies for energy saving reconstruction.     

Analyses of Current Situation of Energy Management in LargePublic Buildings of Chongqing

This study doing statistics of energy consumption and energy auditing of state organs buildings and large public building in Chongqing, then according to the buildings use function classification, analysis problems in energy management and give advices, provides theoretical foundation for establishing state organs buildings and large public building energy-saving system and improving level of building energy-saving management.     

Experimental Analysis of Solar Energy Combined with Phase change Energy Storage Ventilation System

Solar Ventilation System is unstable and uncontrollable, so a new technology is proposed to get a system that takes solar energy as heat source and applies phase change material in daytime to store energy which is used to keep ventilation in nighttime by thermal pressure. This new system is helpful to get the ideal ventilation effect for buildings. Through the experiments on ventilation with PCM of 63℃ and 44℃, ventilation rate change curve is obtained to analyse ventilation system efficiency. The results indicate that using the PCM of 63℃ and 44℃, the total ventilation of the solar ventilation system in 10 hours are respectively 8066 m3 and 6154 m3 at night, and the average ventilation per hour and area are 538 m3/h and 41 m3/h. Based on the experiment, when PCM is palmitic acid, the ventilation effect is superior than that of lauric acid. To sum up, the system of conventional solar rooftop ventilation system combined with phase change materials can intensify the nature ventilation effectively in nighttime for buildings, improve indoor thermal environment and reduce the energy consumption in air conditioning building.     

Analyses of Chongqing''s Complex Energy Consumption

This paper and studied the energy economy in the light of the system theory and method. An energy input-output table has been compiled and an energy input-output model has been set up to analyse in a broad sense the energy consumption in Chongqing with a new generalized method.     

A new method for calculating the vacancy formation energy of typical structure metals

Based on the model proposed by Tiwari and Patil, we improved the calculation method for surface energy, and calculated the vacancy formation energy for typical metals such as fcc, bcc and hcp metals. The calculated results and experimental values agree with each other when an energy modification coefficient is introduced. The energy modification coefficients of fcc, bcc and hcp metals are 1.292, 1.265 and 1.357, respectively. The proposed method can calculate and predict the vacancy formation energy of metals efficiently.     

杂交狼尾草作为能源植物的研究进展

杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americahum×P.Purpureum)系美洲狼尾草(P.americahum)与象草(P.Purpureum)的种间杂交种,是多年生高大C4草本植物,已作为造纸、饲料原料等被广泛应用,是中国有前景的非粮能源植物之一。笔者以非粮生物质原料生产和生物质转化利用为中心,针对杂交狼尾草的生物学特征、遗传特性与良种选育、产量、品质特征和生物质转化利用、生态适应能力和生态效益、栽培及管理技术等方面的研究进展和存在的问题进行了详细阐述,并展望杂交狼尾草作为能源植物的研发前景。认为虽然杂交狼尾草存在对土壤条件要求高、在北方地区不能越冬等缺点,但较其他能源植物具有显著的产量优势,在条件较好的边际土地和污染农田上具有广阔的利用前景。