黑龙江省主栽水稻品种的遗传多样性分析

选用分布于水稻12条染色体上的42对SSR引物,对80份黑龙江省主栽水稻品种进行SSR遗传多样性分析。结果表明,42对SSR标记共检测到139个等位基因,每个位点2~8个,平均3.31个。遗传相似系数(GS)的变化范围为0.564~0.984,平均0.753。根据供试品种的遗传相似系数,按UPGMA法进行聚类分析,在遗传相似系数0.5处可聚为6个类群,利用42对SSR标记能将80份供试品种完全区分开。通过SSR标记的遗传多样性分析的结果表明,黑龙江省水稻种质资源的亲缘关系较近、遗传基础狭窄,大部分供试品种具有相似的遗传背景。     

利用SSR标记分析24份玉米自交系亲缘关系

利用SSR标记研究了从非洲收集的24份玉米种质的遗传多样性及类群划分。用25对扩增带型稳定的引物,从供试材料中共检测出153个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出0～17个等位基因,平均6.12个。24份供试种质的遗传相似系数变化范围在在0.44～1之间,平均为0.69。按UPGMA 方法进行聚类分析,可将其分为四大类群,其中7号可能属于新的杂优类群。     

利用SSR标记分析24份玉米种质亲缘关系

利用SSR标记研究了从非洲收集的24份玉米种质的遗传多样性及类群划分。用25对扩增带型稳定的引物,从供试材料中共检测出153个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出0~17个等位基因,平均6.12个。24份供试种质的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.44~1之间,平均为0.69。按UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,可将其分为4大类群,其中7号可能属于新的杂优类群。     

山东省不同年代栽培大豆SSR标记遗传多样性分析

从分子水平探讨山东省大豆种质资源遗传多样性,为山东大豆今后的大豆育种和遗传改良奠定基础;对山东省36份不同年代材料进行SSR标记,计算遗传相似系数,并对供试品种进行UPGMA聚类分析;20对SSR引物共扩增出138个等位变异,平均每对引物扩增出6.9个等位变异.遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.66～0.97,总体平均值为0.78;相似系数大,品种间遗传差异较小.利用SSR标记的数据结果,对供试品种进行聚类分析,东解1号单独聚为一类,其他品种聚成2个类群,聚类结果表明其多样性与地理来源及系谱关系相关联,但从年代上并没有很好的划分.对山东大豆的多样性分析也有必要采取多种方法对其进行综合有效的鉴定.     

利用SSR标记对126份玉米自交系种质类群划分的初探

利用SSR分子标记分析了126份玉米自交系的遗传多样性,初步进行了种质类群的划分.从230对SSR引物中筛选出70对扩增条带清晰稳定具有多态性的引物.结果表明,70对引物在供试材料中共检测出278个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出2～7个等位基因,平均4个.每对引物的多态性信息量(PIC)变化范围为0.444 ～0.835,平均0.682.126个自交系之间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.576～0.978.利用UPGMA聚类分析方法将126份供试自交系可以划分为A、B两大类群,共6个亚群.     

藜麦种质资源的遗传多样性分析

了解藜麦种质资源的遗传多样性,为藜麦在贵州有效推广、种植、应用,并通过杂交手段创建藜麦新种质。试验以国内外收集到的96份藜麦种质作为试验群体,种植于大田,采用CTAB法提取96份材料的基因组DNA,再利用筛选出的18对多态性SSR标记对藜麦基因组相应的位点进行扩增,扩增产物用PAGE检测。结果表明,18对多态性的SSR引物,共检测出192个等位基因条带,每一对多态性SSR引物的等位基因数为3~21个,平均等位基因数为10.7个。96份藜麦材料遗传相似系数范围为0.599~0.980,平均值为0.7895。UPGMA聚类分析显示,在距离为0.752处可将96份藜麦材料分为五类。本研究中藜麦种质农艺性状方面存在着丰富的变异类型,选用的藜麦SSR标记在供试材料中具有较好的多态性,通过聚类分析可将材料按选系类型、来源地区、农艺性状等划分为不同的类群或亚类群。     

不同类型江苏粳稻主推品种的遗传多样性分析

利用48对SSR分子标记对2007—2013年江苏省审定的65份不同类型常规粳稻品种和7份对照品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：42对分子标记在供试材料间存在多态性,42对SSR标记共检测到101个等位基因,变化范围为2~4个,平均每个位点2.40个。基因多样性指数变异范围为0.03~0.64,平均0.21。多态信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.03~0.58,平均0.18。65份江苏省常规粳稻品种间的遗传相似系数变异范围在0.78~0.97之间,平均0.91,95.4%的供试品种其遗传相似系数在0.87~0.97之间。3个不同类型的粳稻品种群体内,迟熟中粳检测出的等位基因数量最高,迟熟中粳的平均位点PIC值和基因多样性指数均高于晚粳品种和中熟中粳。UPGMA聚类结果表明,以遗传相似系数0.87为界,可将除‘通鉴981’、‘扬农稻1号’和‘盐稻10号’以外的62份江苏省常规粳稻品种分为2类;江苏省大面积生产主推粳稻品种的遗传多样性不够丰富,品种间的遗传距离较小,同一育种单位选育的品种间遗传距离更小。     

SSR标记对甜菜抗褐斑病品种的聚类分析

为了选育、鉴定抗褐斑病较好的国内甜菜品种,分析抗褐斑病品种的亲缘关系,本试验利用筛选出的多态性较好的14对SSR引物组合对17份甜菜品种进行亲缘关系分析,采用MEGA 3.1软件和EXCEL2007获得遗传距离并绘制聚类图,结合分子标记和田间调查结果进行抗褐斑病性调查和聚类分析。[结果]共产生99条扩增带,多态性条带81条,平均多态性百分比为81.8%。平均遗传距离为0.4601,平均遗传相似系数为0.6312。聚类分析结果显示,在遗传距离0.20处,可将17份供试材料分为五个类群,其中第一类群又分为两个亚类。[结论] 分子标记结果显示,17份供试材料遗传多样性较丰富。田间调查结果表明,有五个品种抗褐斑病性较好。聚类结果表明SSR分子标记用于划分甜菜抗褐斑病性的品种有一定辅助作用。     

利用SSR标记划分糯玉米的杂种优势群

利用SSR标记研究了30份糯玉米(Zea mays ceratinaKulesh)自交系的遗传变异。用21对扩增带型稳定的引物,从供试材料中检测出101个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2~10个,平均4.81个,平均多态性信息量0.60。经遗传多样性和聚类分析把供试糯玉米自交系划分为6个类群。     

利用SSR标记分析黑龙江水稻区域试验品系的遗传多样性

利用20个表型性状和51个SSR标记分析25份黑龙江省一积温带区域试验品系、20份21世纪推广品种和14份21世纪以前推广品种的的遗传多样性,共检测到92个表型变异和166个SSR等位基因,其中21世纪区试品系表型变异数和SSR等位基因数分别为64,142个(平均2.78个),21世纪推广品种表型变异数和等位基因数分别为78,126个(平均2.47个),21世纪以前推广品种表型变异数和等位基因数分别为82,127个(平均2.49个)。遗传变异主要存在于品种间(94%),群体之间(6%)差异较小。聚类分析将供试材料分为4类,21世纪区试品系形成了独立的类群,其SSR遗传多样性极显著高于21世纪以前和21世纪推广品种,但是黑龙江水稻遗传多样性相对于其他地区仍处于较低水平,应进一步拓宽遗传基础。     

河南省审定花生品种的指纹图谱构建

利用14个SSR标记构建了河南省2015年之前选育并审定的90个花生品种的DNA指纹图谱,用14个SSR标记产生的95个多态性位点可将90个花生品种完全区分开,其中84个品种间有≥2个位点的差异,在剩余的3对品种中,每对仅有1个差异位点。聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数0.98处,90个花生品种被聚集成88类,有2对品种分别聚集在一起,是由于它们每一个品种分别以另一个品种作亲本选育而成,仅有1个差异SSR位点,表明所构建的指纹图谱是有效的。以遗传相似系数0.95为划分标准,有74.4%的品种具有特异性,与其他作物相比,河南省育成花生品种总体上亲缘关系相对较近。根据60个SSR标记的群体结构分析,90个花生品种可以分为3个亚群,与根据分枝开花习性和荚果类型的分类相吻合,亚群划分情况与聚类分析结果基本一致。     

陆地棉SSR标记遗传多样性及其与农艺性状的关联分析

分析陆地棉栽培种遗传多样性,通过关联分析寻找与棉花农艺性状相关联的分子标记,为分子标记辅助选择育种和提高棉花育种效率奠定基础。本文采用74个Simple sequence repeat(SSR)标记对172份陆地棉栽培种的基因组变异进行扫描,使用NTSYS-pc 2.20进行聚类,分析该群体遗传多样性;利用Structure 2.3.4软件分析群体结构,在此基础上结合田间表型数据,采用Tassel 2.1的一般线性模型(General linear model,GLM)进行关联分析,定位与农艺性状相关的QTLs。74个标记共检测到148个多态性位点,涉及246个等位变异,变异范围2~7个,平均等位变异数为3.32;引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.0281~0.3733,平均值为0.2370;遗传相似系数变异在0.2816~1,平均值为0.5369,平均遗传相似系数为0.5369,表明我国陆地棉遗传基础狭窄,尽管国外及西北内陆棉区部分材料具有较丰富的遗传变异。聚类分析将该群体划分为12个亚群,不同棉区的材料交叉分布,且聚类结果基本与系谱吻合。群体结构分析却将172份供试材料划分为3个亚群;通过关联分析,发现30个位点与铃重、衣分、黄萎病抗性显著相关(P0.05),各位点对表型变异贡献率为2.24%~5.27%。     

Genetic diversity in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) revealed by morphological and microsatellite (SSR) markers

The NPGS-USDA core collection with 85 accessions of red clover, an important forage species, is little described. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the diversity of a set of accessions from the core collection at the morphological and molecular level in order to extract some valuable accessions for Brazilian red clover breeding programs. Twenty-one morphological traits, collected in field and greenhouse in South Brazil, and seven SSR markers were used to describe 57 accessions from the U.S. core collection and one population cultivated in Southern Brazil. Variation between accessions was large for most of the 21 morphological traits. A cluster analysis based on the morphological traits revealed five distinct clusters that separated the populations according to flowering earliness, as already described, but also according to persistency, growth habit and dry matter productivity. Over seven SSR loci, the number of alleles averaged 11.1 alleles per locus. Genetic diversity measured with SSR markers was high, with a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.86. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that the largest proportion of variation (83.6%) resided at the within population level. Although the molecular markers also separated accessions into five clusters, there was no coincidence between the composition of groups found with morphological and molecular data. Use of genetic diversity in breeding programs requires to use the most promising populations, to combine positive traits such as persistency and forage yield, and probably to use within population variation to detect valuable genotypes that could be used as parents of synthetic varieties.     

SSR analysis of chromosome 8 regions associated with aroma and cooked kernel elongation in Basmati rice

Aroma and cooked kernel elongation (CKE) are the two most important quality traits, which differentiate the highly valued Basmati rice from other rice types. Previous studies on genetic analysis have shown that genes/QTLs for these two traits are linked and present on chromosome number 8. We have evaluated the genetic diversity in 33 rice genotypes representative of the traditional Basmati (TB), cross-bred Basmati derived from indica × Basmati rice crosses and non-Basmati (indica and japonica) rice varieties for chromosome number 8 using 26 SSR markers including a specific marker (SCU-SSR1) for RG28 locus; the results have been compared with whole genome based SSR allelic data. The 26 SSR markers (24 polymorphic and 2 monomorphic) amplified a total of 106 alleles; 21 of these alleles were detected to be unique, present in only one genotype. The number and size of the alleles, and polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged between 1–8, 87–312 and 0–0.736 bp, respectively. SCU-SSR1 marker amplified a total of three alleles (128, 129 and 130 bp). All the TB varieties except Basmati 217 (129 bp) and 7/13 cross-bred Basmati varieties had the 130 bp allele. Alleles of 129 and 128 bp were present in majority of the indica and japonica varieties, respectively. The average pair-wise Jaccard similarity coefficients for TB, indica and japonica varieties were 0.512, 0.483 and 0.251, respectively. Average similarity coefficient between TB and japonica was higher (0.236) compared to that between TB and indicas (0.150). Genetic relationships as determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA, NTSYS-pc), PowerMarker tree, and Structure analyses, clearly showed high-level differentiation between TB and indica rice varieties, which formed two distinct clusters. The cross-bred Basmati and japonica rice genotypes were placed between these two clusters. Basmati 217 and Ranbir Basmati were quite divergent from rest of the TB varieties. Some of cross-bred Basmati varieties including Super, CSR30 and kernel were closer to TB. Indica rice varieties, CSR10 (salt tolerant variety) and Pokkali (salt tolerant landrace) formed a separate distinct cluster. The Pritchard structure analysis divided the rice genotypes in four major sub-populations of TB, cross-bred Basmati, indica and japonica (including Ranbir Basmati and Basmati 217) rice varieties. Chromosome 8 data-set showed a positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.739) with the allelic data-set for 30 SSR markers well-distributed on 12 rice chromosomes indicating a higher level of similarity between the two. The study demonstrates the distinctness of TB from other rice types (indica and japonica) and also provides several novel markers for differentiation between TB rice supplies from cheaper cross-bred Basmati and long-grain non-Basmati varieties at commercial level.     

微卫星分子标记鉴定黑龙江主要水稻品种及遗传多样性的研究

选用分布于水稻12条染色体上的75对SSR引物,对25个水稻品种进行DNA扩增,筛选到特异扩增条带的SSR引物25对。共检测出71条多态性条带,用UPGMA聚类分析结果分析,遗传相似性系数为0.54处可分成2类,在第一类中遗传相似系数在0.73~0.94之间,除了松粳3号和龙粳14不能区分之外,其它品种均能区别,表明近缘品种之间的检出率较低。     

马铃薯品种遗传多样性分析

为解析一套(559份)从世界各国收集的马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性,用16个表型性状和36个SSR标记进行了聚类和多样性参数分析。对454份表型数据完整材料的UPGMA聚类分析表明,在欧氏距离14.66处被聚成2个类群(A_1和A),其中A_1在欧氏距离12.74处被分为A_(11)和A_(12)亚群;454份材料在欧氏距离11.73处被划成9个类群,包括4个小类(A、B、C和H)和5个大类(D、E、F、G和I),其中类群I所包括的材料占总数的57.5%,该结果较好地揭示了马铃薯种质材料之间的形态差异,区分生态类型不同和遗传差异明显的亲本。36个SSR标记在559份材料中共检测出134个多态性位点,每对引物检测1~7个等位变异,平均3.72个,引物多态性信息量(PIC)为0.1545~0.7743,平均为0.5783,说明品种间有丰富的遗传多样性。NJ系统进化树分析表明,559份材料可分为3个大群。类群I为一个混合群,各地区品种均有分布,包括133份马铃薯材料,占总数的23.8%;类群II中欧洲、北美及中国东北和西北地区的材料所占比重较大,数量为187,占33.5%;类群III中北美、南美以及中国东北和西南地区马铃薯材料所占比重较大,包含239份材料,占42.8%。表型性状聚类与SSR分子标记聚类结果相似,均与地理位置有很大相关性,应结合共同用于评价马铃薯品种遗传多样性。     

黄麻核心种质的遴选

遴选黄麻核心种质可为黄麻种质创新及新品种选育奠定基础。本研究以300份黄麻种质资源为基础,基于SSR分子标记和农艺性状考察,结合地理来源构建核心种质。结果表明,11个农艺性状变异系数变幅在13.06%～84.87%,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。按农艺性状聚类分析可划分为8个类群,按分子标记聚类可划分为10个类群。结合2个聚类分析、地理位置并按比例取样,建立一个由108份品种(系)组成的预选核心种质。采用44对SSR引物对其进行遗传差异分析,在遗传相似系数为0.65时,可把108份品种(系)分成圆果种和长果种两大类。根据遗传差异分析,剔除遗传相似系数大于或等于0.85的遗传冗余,获得84份品种(系)的核心种质,其中圆果种60份和长果种24份。比较84份核心种质与300份种质的农艺性状变异系数及Shannon-Wiener指数发现,两者之间相差不大,表明遴选的84份核心种质可以最大限度代表300份黄麻种质资源的遗传多样性加以利用和保存。