玉米雄性不育基因(ms30)的RFLP作图

以姊妹交第５代群体（ＳＩＢ５）和回效一代群体（ＢＣ１）为作图群体，对经细胞学初步定位于玉米第４染色体上的雄性不育基因（ｍｓ３０）进行了ＲＦＬＰ作图。选用玉米第４染色体上的探针１８个，用集团分离分析（ｂｕｌｋｅｄ ｓｅｇｒｅｇａｔａｎｔ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ，ＢＳＡ）进行标记筛选 ，用ＪｏｉｎＭａｐ作图软件进行统计分析。ＳＩＢ５群体的ＲＦＬＰ分析表明，ｍｓ３０基因与玉米第４染色体长臂上的两个探针位点ｕｍ     

玉米不同叶位叶面积的QTL定位

玉米叶面积大小及分布对玉米的有效光吸收、干物质积累和产量的形成有重要作用,探究玉米不同叶位叶面积的遗传机理对高产玉米新品种的选育具有重要意义。本研究以两个叶面积差异显著的自交系为亲本组配了含有259个单株的F2群体;以此群体为作图群体,构建了一张总长1 735.1 c M的遗传连锁图谱,该图谱包含218个SSR标记,平均图距7.96 c M。用复合区间作图法(CIM)对玉米9片叶叶面积(穗上4片叶,穗位叶,穗下4片叶)分别进行了QTL定位分析,共定位到36个叶面积QTL,主要分布于第1、2、3和5染色体上,且控制不同叶位叶面积的QTL有集中分布现象。在第2和5染色体上定位到7个贡献率大于10%的QTL,第2染色体phi090-umc1256标记区间内的3个QTL位点可解释穗上3片叶的表型变异分别为12.7%、13.1%和11.1%;第5染色体umc1563-umc2301标记区间内的4个QTL位点可解释穗位叶及穗下第2、3、4叶的表型变异分别为15.4%、13.1%、12.3%和10.4%;这两个标记区间可能是调控玉米叶面积的重要区段。研究结果有助于进一步探究玉米不同叶位叶面积的遗传机制。     

甘蓝型油菜隐性三系核不育上位基因Rf精细定位

甘蓝型油菜隐性三系核不育系因不育性稳定、不育基因易转育、恢复谱广、无胞质负效应、制种产量高等优点在生产上得到广泛应用.其不育性状受两对隐性重叠不育基因(ms1和ms2)与一对隐性上位抑制基因(rf)互作控制.ms1和ms2同时纯合(ms1ms1ms2ms2)表现不育,但隐性纯合rf(rfrf)对ms1ms1ms2ms2的表达起抑制作用,又使其表现可育(临保系,ms1ms1ms2ms2rfrf).本研究利用BSA群分法,通过AFLP分子标记和SRAP分子标记的筛选,利用Rf基因的BC1分离群体( ms1ms1ms2ms2Rfrf+ms1ms1ms2ms2rfrf)进行遗传连锁分析.结果表明,共筛选到4个与Rf基因均共分离的标记,这些标记在该基因不同遗传背景的BC1群体中均与Rf基因紧密连锁.标记测序序列BLASTn结果表明,其位于大白菜A7染色体Scaffold000017(3.3 Mb)上.根据该Scaffold序列信息,开发了一系列SSR引物,多态性SSR引物在Rf基因的一个BC1群体中进行连锁分析,最终将该基因限定在245kb的一个范围内.其中SSR标记A7-10、A7-24与Rf基因共分离,A7-24为共显性标记.     

水稻Xa-5基因在水稻和玉米中的比较物理定位

比较基因组分析证明，玉米和水稻基因组间存在广泛的同线性和共线性。对水稻和玉米基因的原位杂交定位可以揭示禾本科植物基因组结构的共同特点和进化规律。用与Xa-5连锁的RG556及RG556筛选出的BAC克隆44B4作探针对水稻广陆矮四号和玉米自交系黄早四进行了原位杂交，在水稻第5号染色体短臂和玉米第8号染色体长臂检出了杂交信     

稻米淀粉黏滞性QTL定位及其G×E互作分析

用珍汕97B/密阳46构建RIL群体及其遗传图谱,经海南和杭州两地遗传试验,以精米粉RVA谱5个参数特征值PKV、HPV、CPV、BDV和SBV作为研究稻米淀粉黏滞性的指标,运用检测QTL主效应、上位性效应和G×E互作效应的遗传分析方法,进行QTL联合分析。结果表明, (1)在检测到涉及5个性状的9个主效应QTL中,除PKV位于第5染色体qPKV5外,其余8个QTL均位于第6染色体上;(2)5个性状均检测到位于第6染色体RM197-RZ516区间的主效应QTL,很可能它们为同一基因,该基因还与Wx基因处于相同区域;(3)检测到与PKV、HPV、CPV、BDV等4个性状有关的QTL主效基因均表现有G×E互作,且方向一致,在海南试验中有增效作用;(4)还检测到涉及5个性状的10对上位性互作效应,但均未发现有显著的上位性×环境互作效应。     

玉米丝裂病的抗性QTL定位

选用感丝裂病的玉米自交系R08与抗丝裂病的自交系Es40组配F₂群体共348个单株,构建了包含115个SSR标记的分子遗传连锁图谱,覆盖玉米基因组2 178.6 cM,平均图距为18.9 cM。采用复合区间作图法,对F_2:4家系丝裂病数据进行抗性QTL分析,共检测到12个QTL,分别位于第1、2、4、5和7染色体,贡献率为4.22%~37.95%。其中在第1、3染色体上检测到主效QTL,贡献率均大于30%,基因作用方式均为显性,其余10个QTL的作用方式多为加性或部分显性。     

玉米(Zea mays L.)两个广谱抗病基因rip和pal 1的原位杂交定位

本文以玉米自交系黄早四为供试材料,采用cDNA为探针,对低拷贝小片段的rip和pall基因进行了定位。用生物素标记和相应的酶联级联放大检测系统,在第8和第3染色体长臂上检测到rip基因的杂交信号,信号与着丝粒百分距离分别为23.66±1.32和72.47±3.16。在第5和第4染色体长臂以及第2染色体短臂上检测到pal l基因位点,信号与着     

基于单片段代换系的玉米百粒重QTL分析

籽粒大小是影响玉米产量的关键因素。本研究基于59份玉米染色体单片段代换系(SSSL)纯合体,对玉米百粒重性状进行2年6个试验环境的表型鉴定,利用t测验和重叠群作图的方法对SSSL内代换片段上的百粒重效应进行了QTL分析。共检测出20个百粒重QTL,分布在玉米的8条染色体上,其中14个(70.0%)在2个以上试验环境中被重复检出,4个(20.0%)在4个以上试验环境中被重复检出,在全部6个试验环境中重复检出且基因加性效应值较大的玉米百粒重QTL是位于玉米第5染色体Bin5.05区SSR分子标记bnlg278和umc1680附近的q100kw-5-3。研究结果为玉米籽粒大小性状相关基因的进一步精细定位和克隆奠定了基础。     

禾谷镰刀菌引起玉米青枯病的抗性基因遗传分析

对两亲本、杂种F1与F2群体进行单一致病菌(禾谷镰刀菌)的单株接种鉴定,统计了抗病、感病植株的分离情况,并在分子水平上对F2群体做了初步分析.结果表明:用单一致病菌(禾谷镰刀菌)接种也能引起玉米青枯病,其抗性基因是显性单基因.进而推测抗不同致病菌引起的玉米青枯病的抗性基因可能在染色体的不同位点上.     

玉米抗灰斑病QTL元分析及其验证

玉米灰斑病是危害玉米生产的主要病害之一,目前对抗灰斑病基因数目、位置及作用方式仍然不清楚,这严重制约着玉米抗灰斑病育种进展。本研究利用元分析方法分析并整理了14篇玉米抗灰斑病QTL文献的信息,共筛选确定了13个一致性QTL区间。利用以自交系81162为轮回亲本、自交系CN165为非轮回亲本构建的回交导入群体根据连锁不平衡原理对13个一致性QTL进行验证,在13个一致性QTL区间共获得20多个偏分离位点。第1和第4染色体上偏分离最严重,其他染色体上偏分离度较小。说明第1和第4染色体上存在着效应较大的抗病QTL。第1染色体标记umc2227、bnlg1832、umc1243、umc2025、umc1515、umc1297、umc1461处供体基因频率均在50%以上,可能存在几个连锁的抗病基因。第4染色体上基因位于标记bnlg2291和umc1194之间。研究为精细定位供体CN165中第1和第4染色体上的抗灰斑病QTL奠定了基础。     

利用单片段代换系测交群体定位玉米产量相关性状的杂种优势位点

杂种优势利用是提高农作物产量与品质的一种重要途径, 而明确杂种优势的遗传机制将促进优良玉米新品种的选育, 但是截至目前其遗传机制仍然不清楚。本研究以玉米自交系lx9801背景的昌7-2的单片段代换系为基础材料, 利用与自交系T7296的测交群体, 对昌7-2和lx9801对应染色体片段与T7296之间存在差异的杂种优势位点进行了分析, 共检测出64个不同穗部性状和产量的杂种优势位点(HL), 其中23个在2个环境中同时被检测到, 包括4个穗长的HL, 4个穗粗的HL, 4个穗行数的HL, 7个行粒数的HL和4个产量的HL, 并在多个染色体片段上鉴定出同时包含产量及其构成因子的杂种优势位点, 该研究为进一步解析玉米产量杂种优势形成的遗传机制奠定了材料基础。     

玉米耐深播主效QTL qMES20-10的精细定位及差异表达基因分析

干旱是影响玉米(ZeamaysL.)产量最主要的环境因素之一,具有耐深播特性的玉米种质材料能够吸收土壤深层水分,具有较强的耐旱性,因此研究玉米耐深播性状的遗传机制具有重要的理论和应用价值。本实验室前期已利用耐深播玉米自交系3681-4与普通自交系X178构建的F_(2:3)群体,在玉米10号染色体上定位到了一个耐深播主效QTLqMES20-10。本研究在此基础上,以X178为轮回亲本,结合前景选择和背景选择,构建了BC_3F_(3:4)家系,对qMES20-10迚行了确证;幵迚一步利用分子标记辅助选择构建了高代回交群体,将其精细定位于133.3～136.0Mb的区间之内。同时,利用从BC_3F_(3:4)家系中筛选出的两个近等基因系,迚行差异表达基因分析,发现差异表达基因主要参与了化学性应激反应、氧化还原反应和对氧化胁迫的应激反应。本研究结果为迚一步兊隆耐深播主效QTL qMES20-10奠定了基础。     

玉米SSR连锁图谱构建与株高及穗位高QTL定位

用玉米自交系组合R15×掖478的F₂群体构建连锁图谱,并通过1年2点随机区组试验设计,考察玉米229个F_2:4家系成株期的株高和穗位高。所建连锁图谱上共拟合146个SSR标记位点,覆盖基因组1 666 cM,标记间平均距离为11.4 cM。用复合区间作图法进行QTL分析,共检测到8个控制株高的QTL,分别位于第2、3、4、5和8染色体;3个控制穗位高的QTL位点,位于第4染色体。单个株高QTL的贡献率变幅为6.67%~11.59%,单个穗位高QTL贡献率变幅为10.46%~12.15%。     

Identification of QTL for acid phosphatase activity in root and rhizosphere soil of maize under low phosphorus stress

To provide theoretical and applied references for acid phosphatase (APase) activity of maize, this study was to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) for APase activity in root and rhizosphere soil of maize under low phosphorus (p) stress. The correlation and the QTL of APase activity in root (APR) and APase activity in rhizosphere soil (APS) were studied for the F_2:3 population derived from the cross 082×Ye107 under low P stress in two sites. Analysis for each environment and joint analysis across two environments were used to identify QTL for the F_2:3 population. A significant difference in APR and APS was found between 082 (P efficient genotype) and Ye107 (P deficient genotype). A large genetic variation and transgressive segregation of the F_2:3 population were observed in Beibei and Hechuan. One stable QTL for APR was detected in different environments, which was located in the interval bnlg1350 to bnlg1449 on chromosome 3. Two stable QTLs for APS were detected, which were located in the interval umc2083 to umc1972 on chromosome 1 and in the interval umc2111 to dupssr10 on chromosome 5. The stable QTLs can be used in MAS breeding and theoretical study of maize.     

Development of a gene-based marker correlated to reduced aflatoxin accumulation in maize

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic and toxic metabolites produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus during infection of maize (Zea mays L.) and other seed oil crops. Climatic conditions in the southeastern United States favor A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination in maize, making it a major issue for farmers in the region. One of the most promising avenues to combat aflatoxin contamination is the development of resistant maize lines. However, this has proven difficult due to a lack of reliable markers for resistance. Previous studies have identified candidate genes that were differentially expressed in response to A. flavus infection. One gene, encoding a chloroplast precursor, was found to contain multiple polymorphisms that were used to design a marker designated Mississippi Marker 1 (MpM1). The marker differentiates between the “resistance” and “susceptible” forms of the allele. This marker was used to screen three populations of F_2:3 mapping families, where it was found to map to chromosome 4 and was associated with a significant effect for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in the Mp313E × B73 mapping population. Furthermore, the marker MpM1 identified a previously unknown quantitative trait loci for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation on maize chromosome 4. MpM1 is the first gene-based marker developed specifically for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in maize and can now be integrated into existing marker assisted selection programs aimed at incorporating resistance into elite maize breeding lines.     

QTL mapping of a partial resistance to the corn delphacid‐transmitted viruses in Lepidopteran‐resistant maize line Mp705

A partial resistance to maize mosaic virus (MMV) and maize stripe virus (MStV) was mapped in a RILs population derived from a cross between lines MP705 (resistant) and B73 (susceptible). A genetic map constructed from 131 SSR markers spanned 1399 cM with an average distance of 9.6 cM. A total of 10 QTL were detected for resistance to MMV and MStV, using composite interval mapping. A major QTL explaining 34–41% of the phenotypic variance for early resistance to MMV was detected on chromosome 1. Another major QTL explaining up to 30% of the phenotypic variation for all traits of resistance to MStV was detected in the centromeric region of chromosome 3 (3.05 bin). After adding supplementary SSR markers, this region was found to correspond well to the one where a QTL of resistance to MStV already was located in a previous mapping study using an F₂ population derived from a cross between Rev81 and B73. These results suggested that these QTL of resistance to MStV detected on chromosome 3 could be allelic in maize genome.     

Genetic location and evaluation of chromosomal segments for drought tolerance at flowering stage in maize using selected backcross populations

Development and evaluation of introgression lines have become one of the promising approaches to understanding genetic mechanisms of important traits in crops. In this study, three sets of drought tolerance (DT) selected backcross populations in maize, including two BC₂S₁ populations and one BC₃S₁ population, from a cross of Qi319 and Huangzaosi (recurrent parent) were developed by selecting for short anthesis-silking interval (ASI) under the condition of serious water stress at flowering stage. The introgression of chromosome segments was identified using microsatellite markers. The results showed that the marker allele introgression frequencies in the three DT populations significantly increased compared with the expected value under no selection. There was a notable increase of introgression frequency for the most of these markers which were located on all chromosomes except chromosome 8, but most concentrated on some chromosomes, especially on chromosomes 4 and 5. For example, chromosome 4 harboured the largest number of introgression regions, on which five segments were detected. The ASI in the DT populations significantly shortened compared with the initial BC₂ population.     

Identification of QTL for stalk sugar-related traits in a population of recombinant inbred lines of maize

Increasing sugar content in silage maize stalk improves its forage quality and palatability. The genetic mapping and characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is considered a valuable tool for trait enhancement, yet little information on QTL for stalk sugar content in maize has been reported. To this end, we investigated QTLs associated with stalk sugar traits including Brix, plant height (PHT), three ear leaves area (TELA), and days to silking (DTS) in two environments using a population of 202 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between YXD053, which has a high stalk sugar content, and Y6-1, which has a low stalk sugar content. A genetic map with 180 SSR and 10 AFLP markers was constructed, which spanned 1,648.6 cM of the maize genome with an average marker distance of 8.68 cM, and QTLs were detected using composite interval mapping. Seven QTLs controlling Brix were mapped on chromosomes 1, 2, 6 and 9 in the combined environments. These QTLs could explain 2.69–13.08 % of the phenotypic variance. One major QTL for Brix on chromosome 2 located between the markers bnlg1909 and umc1635 explained 13.08 % of the phenotypic variance. Y6-1 also contributed QTL allele for increased Brix on chromosome 6. One major QTLs controlling PHT on chromosome 1 and TELA on chromosome 4 were also identified and accounted for 13.68 and 12.49 % of the phenotypic variance, respectively. QTL alleles for increased DTS were located on chromosomes 1 and 5 of YXD053. Significant epistatic effects were identified in four traits, but no significant QTL × environment interactions were observed. The information presented here may be valuable for stalk sugar content improvement via marker-assisted selection in silage maize breeding programs.     

玉米抗纹枯病QTL定位

以玉米自交系R15（抗）×掖478（感）的229个F₂单株为作图群体,构建了包含146个SSR标记位点的遗传连锁图谱,全长1 666 cM,平均图距11.4 cM。通过麦粒嵌入法对F2:4群体进行人工接种纹枯病菌,并以相对病斑高为病级划分标准鉴定了玉米纹枯病的抗性。用复合区间作图法分析抗病QTL及遗传效应,共检测到9个抗性QTL,分布于第1、2、3、4、5、6和10条染色体上,单个QTL可解释表型方差的3.72%~7.19%,其中有2个QTL位于染色体6.01抗病基因簇附近。