Analysis on Competitive Heterosis of Hybrid F1 and F2 between Transgenic Bt Varieties of Upland Cotton

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to supply basis for selecting strong heterosis hybrid and the feasibility of F₂ utilization, by evaluating yield heterosis and fiber quality traits of hybrid F₁ and F₂ generated by transgenic Bt varieties in upland cotton. [Method] Ten upland cotton varieties (lines) with good comprehensive characteristics were selected to produce 10 crosses, and four of them with better competitive heterosis (CH) in yield were screened out to analyze the lint yield and fiber traits of F₁ and F₂. [Result] The results indicated there was a strong CH in yield of F₁, but the yearly variation was large. Hybrids performed better in the poor production year. The CH in yield decreased obviously in most of the F₂ combinations. Further analysis showed that the decrease of boll weight was the main cause of drop of yield CH in F₂. The fiber quality index in F₂ showed a downward trend compared with F₁, and the coefficient of range and variation(CV) increased. The coefficient of variation of quality traits was much lower than that of yield components, with a trend of F₁ < SCRC 28 (CK) and F₂ > F₁. The CH of lint yield and fiber traits changed between F₁ and F₂ in different combinations. We screened out a combination with higher CH of yield in both F₁ and F₂, and with less decreased yield CH, fine fiber quality and light separation in F₂. [Conclusion] The hybrids generated by transgenic Bt varieties in upland cotton characterized by strong adversity resistance and yield stability. Fine fiber quality and light separation in F₂ came from crosses with the parents of fine fiber quality and small differences. So, it is possible for breedersto select valuable F₂ combinations in production.     

基于叶绿素荧光参数的滴灌棉花氮素营养估测模型

【目的】建立基于叶绿素荧光参数的棉花叶片氮素营养监测模型,为棉花高效施氮及植株生长状况的无损监测提供方法。【方法】在水肥一体化滴灌条件下,以新陆早58号为试验材料,设置4个施氮水平,测定了棉花生长关键时期顶2(从顶部数起)至顶5叶的叶绿素荧光参数和氮素含量,分析了棉花叶片氮素含量与荧光参数的关系。【结果】(1)棉花出苗70 d后,叶片氮素含量以及光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)潜在光化学活性(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ潜在最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv’/Fm’)均随着棉花生长呈逐渐下降趋势。(2)不同氮素处理下,各叶片氮素含量以及叶绿素荧光参数Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和Fv’/Fm’均随施氮量的增加而上升,其中N2(240 kg·hm-2)处理下各荧光参数值最大。(3)叶片氮含量与Fv、Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ都呈现极显著正相关关系,与荧光参数ΦPSⅡ、Fv’/Fm’间呈现较好的指数函数关系,与荧光参数Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0呈现良好的线性函数关系。顶5叶可变荧光(Fv)与叶片氮素含量建立的关系模型(y=0.0022x+1.6243)的模拟效果最好,决定系数达到0.928,相关系数达到0.963,呈极显著正相关。【结论】适量施氮(240 kg·hm-2)能够提高PSⅡ的活性及PSⅡ反应中心开放部分的比例,进而改善棉花叶片光合能力。顶5叶氮素含量与叶绿素荧光参数Fv构建的模型精确度和拟合效果较其他荧光参数好,因此可以选用荧光参数Fv来监测棉花叶片氮素含量,进而监测植株的氮素营养状况。     

Effects of Pruning Methods and Canopy Patterns on the Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Cotton Bolls and Yield

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to shape the good canopy structure and achieve efficiency production of cotton. [Method] With Jimian 958 as test material, a split-plot field experiment was conducted over two years (2016—2017) to determine the effect of different pruning methods (removal and retention of vegetative branches) and canopy height treatments (high and low staggered canopy, low canopy and high canopy) on the temporal-spatial distribution of cotton bolls, yield and yield components in Baoding. [Result] Pruning method and canopy pattern had significant effects on the temporal-spatial distribution of cotton bolls. Regarding temporal distribution, retention of vegetative branch treatment (P₂) significantly increased the number of total bolls (pre-summer, summer and autumn bolls) compared with removal of vegetative branch treatment (P₁). Staggered canopy (C₁) increased the number of pre-summer bolls but resulted in relatively fewer autumn bolls to that of the high canopy (C₃) pattern. Spatial distribution of bolls varied by pruning method, with P₂ treatment producing a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the middle part of the plant. P₁ treatment produced a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the lower canopy. The combined effects of pruning methods and canopy pattern on seed cotton yield were significant, with the largest yield observed in P₁C₁ (vegetative branch removal×staggered canopy). The P₁C₁ group did not make significant difference in lint yield to the P₂C₁ (vegetative branch retention×staggered canopy) group. [Conclusion] The P₂C₁ canopy structure can produce a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the middle part of the cotton, enhance the number and proportion of summer bolls, increase the number of bolls per unit area, and produce higher yields while reducing labour usage, material resources and costs. This simplified cultivation measure offers an important opportunity to efficiently achieve high yields of cotton in the Yellow River Region.     

毛棉苗期抗旱性状的QTL定位

【目的】通过分析毛棉苗期抗旱相关性状的数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus,QTL),以期检测稳定的主效QTL,促进栽培品种抗旱性状遗传改良及提高抗旱育种效率。【方法】以四倍体野生种毛棉(Gossypium tomentosum)和陆地棉品种中棉所12(CCRI 12)的种间杂种F2及其F2:3家系为研究材料,用于基因型分型的F2有188个系,用于表型分型的F2:3家系有149个株系。分别在干旱胁迫和正常灌水2个环境下调查表型数据。采用复合区间作图法对F2:3家系苗期相关性状抗旱系数进行QTL定位。【结果】对苗期相关性状抗旱系数的QTL定位分析,共得到16个QTL,其中与株高、叶片数、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量抗旱系数相关的QTL分别有5个、1个、3个、3个、4个,分布在13条染色体上。来自毛棉的5个加性QTL分别为qSHDC-19-1、qSHDC-19-2、qSLNDC-5-1、qMDADC-24-1、qMDADC-24-2,其加性效应值为0.10~0.22,解释变异9.4%~25.8%。【结论】这些与抗旱相关的QTL有助于棉花抗旱分子标记辅助选择。     

Cloning and Functional Analysis of Low Temperature Response Gene,GhZAT10, in Upland Cotton at Seedling Stage

[Objective] The aim of this study is to identify chilling tolerant genes which can provide a basis for breeding upland cotton cultivars with tolerance to chilling. [Method] The GhZAT10 (Zinc finger of Arabidopsis thaliana 10) gene was cloned, and its expression in roots, stems, and leaves was analyzed with cold treatment by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then we analyzed the structural characteristics of GhZAT10, protein properties and constructed the phylogenetic tree by bioinformatics methods. Next, we constructed subcellular localization vector 35S::GhZAT10-GFP by Gateway technology. Finally, we studied the effect of GhZAT10 in chilling response by virus induced gene silencing of cotton. [Result] The Open reading frame(ORF) length of GhZAT10 gene is 813 bp (base pair), encoding 270 amino acid residues. The expression of GhZAT10 in roots was higher than that in stems and leaves, and up-regulated after chilling stress in these tissues. GhZAT10 does not possess signal peptides or transmembrane helices; its activity is closely related to the phosphorylation regulation. GhZAT10 has homology with the ZAT10 of Theobroma cacao, Arabidopsis thaliana and Citrus sinensis. GhZAT10 protein is located in the nucleus. The GhZAT10-silenced cotton plants were more sensitive to low temperature than wild type. [Conclusion] GhZAT10 belongs to C₂H₂ zinc finger protein, and plays a positive role to response the chilling stress in upland cotton.     

Hyperspectral Estimation Model of Chlorophyll Content in Cotton Canopy Leaves under Drip Irrigation at Different Growth Stages

[Objective] This article is aimed to estimate the chlorophyll content of cotton canopy leaves in drip irrigation fields at different growth stages in northern Xinjiang and establish a model for estimating chlorophyll content in growth time series by using hyperspectral. [Method] Using Xinluzao 45 as the experimental material, the chlorophyll content and the corresponding spectral reflectance of cotton canopy leaves at different nitrogen levels and growing stages were measured, and the relationship between 12 indices and the chlorophyll content was analyzed. The estimation models of the chlorophyll content in cotton canopy leaves under drip irrigation were established. [Result] The correlation coefficient between the chlorophyll content of canopy leaves and Vogelmann red edge index was high in the four growing periods of cotton, and the correlation coefficient was 0.944, 0.907, 0.895, 0.930, respectively. And the spectral reflectivity was the highest at the flowering and boll period. The precision of the model established by the multivariate regression method is higher than that of the single exponential linear model with the determination coefficient more than 0.8 and the root mean square error smaller than that of the single exponential linear model. The model of the budding stage (y＝82.509_x1＋89.937_x2－94.438) has the best precision. [Conclusion] The chlorophyll content can be estimated by the models established at different growth stages, and the budding stage model has the best monitoring effect.     

Mechanism of Verticillium Wilt Stress Affecting Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Cotton Seedlings

[Objective] The goal of this experiment was to study the effects of Verticillium wilt on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cotton seedlings, and to provide a theoretical basis for the identification of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt at the seedling stage and the establishment of Verticillium wilt control techniques. [Method] Zhongzhimian 2 (Verticillium wilt resistant cultivar, ZZM-2) and Jimian 11 (Verticillium wilt susceptible cultivar, JM-11) were selected. Verticillium dahliae was inoculated at the two true leaves stage. The photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the last fully expanded young leaves were measured at 6 d after inoculation. [Result] (1) Under the stress of Verticillium wilt, the leaf area per plant, leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of cotton seedlings decreased, and the decreases in ZZM-2 were smaller than those in JM-11. (2) The decreased intercellular CO2 concentration and increased stomatal limitation value in the two test materials indicated that the decrease in Pn was mainly caused by stomatal limitation, and the decrease in chlorophyll a in ZZM-2 was smaller than the decrease in chlorophyll b, whereas the opposite trend was observed in JM-11. (3) The light response curve parameters of ZZM-2 were increased and theCO₂ response curve parameters of ZZM-2 were decreased, but all parameters in JM-11 were decreased. For ZZM-2, the potential photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y_NPQ) and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (Y_NO) were increased slightly and the actual photochemical efficiency (Y_II) was decreased slightly, but the differences in these four indexes between diseased plants and healthy plants was not significant; however, the variable fluorescence yield (F_v) was significantly decreased. For JM-11, F_v, Fv/F_m, Y_II and Y_NPQ were significantly decreased, and Y_NO was significantly increased. (4) F_v/F_m in leaf lesion sites decreased, but that in non-lesion sites did not decline or even showed a slight increase. [Conclusion] Verticillium wilt resistant cultivars with higher photosynthetic capacity and carbon assimilation ability could reduce the effects of Verticillium wilt on photosynthetic characteristics and reduce the impacts on cotton yield and quality.     

Identification and Analysis of Fiber Quality and Yield Related Traits of Interspecific (Gossypium hirsutum L. × G. barbadense L.) Hybrids

[Objective] The aim of this study is to study the hereditary of heterosis of fiber quality and yield-related traits in the upland-island interspecific hybrids, and breed new interspecific hybrid varieties with high yield and fine fiber quality. [Method] In this study, 12 upland cotton materials and 5 sea-island cotton materials were selected to determine the fiber quality and yield traits of their parents and F₁ in Lin’an, Zhejiang and Sanya, Hainan. [Result] It was found that fiber length and fiber strength of F₁ (Gossypium hirsutum × G. barbadense) generally had significant mid-parent heterosis (MPH), some hybrid combinations showed strong over-parent heterosis (OPH), fiber length had a small coefficient of variation between the two places and could be stably inherited. And in terms of yield, seed cotton weight, lint weight, and lint percentage of some upland-island hybrids had MPH, but they were still significantly lower than those of upland cotton parents. [Conclusion] Two long-staple cotton hybrid combinations T035 and T044 with 5A grade high-quality were obtained, and an excellent material of G. barbadense Ta10-280 was screened. This study provides valuable data for the genetic law of fiber quality heterosis of upland-island hybrid cotton.     

三种豆科绿肥作物茎和叶角质层蜡质化学组成分析

植物角质层蜡质是一类覆盖于植物表层的疏水有机化合物,在保护植物免受生物与非生物逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。为了更好地了解和认识角质层蜡质在夏季绿肥作物抗逆性中的作用,选择柽麻(Crotalariajuncea)、田菁(Sesbania cannabina)和竹豆(Phaseolus calcaratus) 3种夏季豆科绿肥作物,鉴定茎和叶蜡质组分,并分析蜡质总量、各组分含量及碳链分布特征。共鉴定出8类化合物,包括脂肪酸、初级醇、醛、烷烃、烷基酯、二醇、萜类和固醇类化合物,其中前4种以同系物形式存在且为所有植物茎和叶共有成分(柽麻茎中未检出脂肪酸),说明烷合成和醇合成途径是主要的2种蜡质合成途径。田菁茎中鉴定出二醇化合物,其结构初步解析为1,18-30烷醇和1,16-30烷醇。3种绿肥作物茎和叶蜡质总量存在显著种间及部位差异,其中柽麻茎蜡质总含量为16.33μgcm^-2,显著高于田菁茎(6.45μg cm^-2)和竹豆茎(0.72μg cm^-2)。就茎和叶比较,柽麻茎显著高于叶片,其他2种植物茎和叶之间无显著差异。柽麻茎蜡质中,烷烃为优势成分,占蜡质总量的57.38%;叶片以初级醇为优势成分,占蜡质总量的50.12%。田菁茎、叶蜡质中的优势成分均为初级醇,分别占总蜡质的30.12%和71.21%。竹豆茎、叶蜡质中的优势成分均为烷烃,分别占总蜡质的40.79%和39.27%。各组分优势化合物的碳链长度在不同物种、不同部位也存在一定差异,说明参与蜡质合成的基因在物种、器官间有所不同。这些结果为今后从分子水平上揭示角质层蜡质参与夏季绿肥作物抗逆机制提供了理论基础。     

The Effects of Different Cotton Varieties on the Carmine Spider Mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd. (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The aim of this study was to delta differences in resistance to the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus between cotton varieties grown in different areas. The effects of 8 varieties from several countries cm the development, longevity and fecundity of T-cinnabarinus were investigated in the laboratory. On leaves of the Egyptian cotton, Gossypium vitifolium, variety Giza 75, both females and males required a longer period to complete development than on the G. hirsutum varieties Coker 310 and MCH H. Female mites reared on the variety Coker 310 lived significantly longer and had the longest oviposition period. The largest total progeny per female was observed on the varieties Coker 310 and MCH H, the smallest on the varieties Aleppo 1 and Giza 75. The cotton varieties had no effect on the sex ratio of T. cinnabarinus. In general, the G. hirsutum varieties Coker 310 and MCH 11 appeared to be most supportive for T. cinnabarinus, whereas the G. vitifolium variety Giza 75 clearly showed reduced susceptibility.     

Fine Mapping of the Fuzzless Gene n2 in Cotton

[Objective] Cotton fibers are single cells derived from the ovule epidermis, cotton fuzz of seeds are also formed by the ovule epidermis. Therefore, we conduct this experiment to locate the fuzzless gene n₂ so as to lay a foundation for its clone and function study. [Method] Two F₂ populations derived from a cross between the Xinhai 21 and the fuzzless mutant of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) n₂ was constructed. Combined with cotton genomic data and developed simple sequence repeat markers to locate the gene. The predicted gene sequence was acquired and the differences in its expression in two parents were analyzed by using the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction method. [Result] The fuzzless gene was located in a 181 kbp region on chromosome A12 within markers P61 and Z10. There are seven candidate genes in the region. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction verification shows significant differences in the expression of 72098 gene in two parents. [Conclusion] In this experiment, the fine mapping and candidate genes analysis of gene n₂ were completed, which laid a foundation for n₂ gene cloning and functional verification.     

Effects of Population Density of Bolboschoenus planiculmis on the Absorption and Accumulation of Cotton Nutrients

[Objective] The aim of this study is to clarify the competition of the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in cotton by the Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T. V. Egorova. [Method] In this experiment, the population densities of B. planiculmis were set at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 plant·m^－2. The contents of phosphorus, potassium, nitrate nitrogen, soluble sugar and soluble protein in cotton seedling stage, bud stage and flowering and boll stage were detected to study the effect of population density of B. planiculmis on the nutrient absorption and accumulation of cotton. [Result] At the cotton seedling stage, when the population density of B. planiculmis was 20 plants·m^－2, the soluble protein content of cotton leaves increased significiantly (P＜0.05) compared with the CK, but there was no significant difference in other indicators. However, the higher population density of B. planiculmis could reduce the soluble protein content of cotton leaves and increase the soluble sugar content of cotton leaves. At the cotton bud stage, when the population density of B. planiculmis was lower than 40 plants·m^－2, the phosphorus content in cotton leaves increased significantly. At the cotton boll stage, the population density of all B. planiculmis populations could reduce the content of potassium and soluble sugar in cotton leaves. When the population density of B. planiculmis was 20 plants·m^－2, no significant effects were found on cotton yield. But under other population densities, the cotton yield was significantly reduced. [Conclusion] When the population density of B. planiculmis was higher than 20 plants·m^－2, significant effects were found on the absorption and accumulation of cotton nutrients and cotton yield.     

棉花抗黄萎病鉴定与评价标准的商榷

【目的】通过系统研究黄萎病抗病鉴定的关键技术和评价标准,解决现有棉花品种黄萎病抗性评价标准中存在的问题,建立新的田间棉花黄萎病分级标准和评价标准。【方法】以14个2014年国家主推棉花品种为试验材料,从接种量、可靠样本量、病情分级和评价方法 4个方面系统研究黄萎病抗性鉴定的关键技术和评价标准。【结果】确定了小区接种和行沟接种的最佳接菌量分别为60 g·m-2和10 g·m-1,小区调查最低样本量为50株;制定了新的分级标准为0级(0%)、1级(1%~33%)、2级(34%~66%)、3级(67%~99%)和4级(100%)。连续2年利用相对病程发病面积和发病高峰期的相对病情指数2种评价方法判定品种抗病性,前者作为抗病性评价的依据更为科学可靠,一致率达到100%。【结论】本试验为完善抗病鉴定技术操作规程,规范抗性评价方法,促进棉花抗病品种的选育、审定和推广提供了科学依据。     

Construction of RNAi Vector of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) FAD2-1 Gene and Acquisition of New High Oleic Acid Germplasm

[Objective] Here, the aim was to create a new cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm with high oleic acid and low linoleic acid contents without affecting the fiber yield and quality. [Method] The fatty acid desaturation 2-1 (FAD2-1) gene catalyzes the formation of polyunsaturated linoleic acid from monounsaturated fatty acid in cotton. The protein’s properties, structure and functions were analyzed using the information analysis method. A conserved 381-bp fragment of GhFAD2-1 was cloned to construct an RNA interference vector, which was transformed into cotton by Agrobacterium-mediated hypocotyl infection. The fatty acid compositions and contents of T₂―T₄ transgenic plants were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The T₄ transgenic lines were used to investigate the copy number, target gene expression, agronomic traits, and fiber quality. [Results] The RNA interference vector of GhFAD2-1 was successfully constructed and transformed into cotton. The target gene’s expression level was significantly lower in transgenic plants than in controls. The transgenic plants had high oleic acid and low linoleic acid contents, which could be stably inherited by the offspring. The oleic acid contents of transgenic cotton seeds increased by 224.1%, and the linoleic acid content decreased by 237.5%, compared with the control seeds. There were no significant differences in the agronomic traits and fiber quality of the transgenic lines compared with the control. [Conclusion] These results verified the function of GhFAD2-1 in cotton and provide a basis for breeding cotton varieties with high oleic acid contents.     

截形叶螨取食对马铃薯酶活性的影响

为明确截形叶螨(Tetranychus truncatus)取食刺激对不同耐旱型马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)品种酶活性的影响,选择2个马铃薯品种（‘荷兰15号’,早熟,干旱敏感型品种;‘陇薯10号’,晚熟,耐旱型品种）,在人工接螨后,测定7天内马铃薯叶片5种防御酶(CAT、POD、PPO、PAL、LOX)活性的变化。CAT、POD、PPO、PAL、LOX等5种酶活性在受螨害刺激后均表现出不同程度的升高,在时序上都表现为先升高后下降的趋势,且在3天后显著高于CK（未接螨的健康植株）,5种酶均参与了植物机体对害螨的防御反应,以促进受害植株体内自由氧的消减,通过木质素、花青素、生物碱等苯丙素类化合物、氢过氧化物等含量的提高来增强机体防御能力;在螨害7天后,5种酶活性都显著下降,且显著低于CK,说明叶螨在长时间危害后可能导致植株机体紊乱,植株不能很好地持续维持高效的对螨害的防御响应。2个马铃薯品种在叶螨为害后同一时间内,从CAT、PPO和PAL活性变化角度分析,干旱敏感型马铃薯品种表现出较高的抗螨性;被叶螨取食为害后耐旱型马铃薯品种POD活性较高,但干旱敏感型马铃薯品种POD活性增长幅度更大;2个品种在LOX活性上无显著差异。总体分析可得,干旱敏感型马铃薯比耐旱型品种有更高的抗螨性。研究结果可为马铃薯叶螨的科学防治和品种选育提供理论依据。     

Combined effects of 1-methylcyclopropene, calcium chloride dip, and/or atmospheric modification on quality changes in fresh-cut strawberries

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP (1 μL L⁻¹ for 24 h at 5 °C) on quality attributes and shelf life of fresh-cut strawberries. The 1-MCP was applied before (whole product) and/or after cutting (wedges), followed by storage in a continuous flow of air or air +1 μL L⁻¹ C₂H₄. The combined effects of 1-MCP and CaCl₂ dips (1% for 2 min) and/or CA (3 kPa O₂ + 10 kPa CO₂) were also examined. The application of only 1-MCP before and/or after cutting did not have a significant effect on firmness and appearance quality during storage for up to 12 days at 5 °C. The exposure to a continuous flow of 1 μL L⁻¹ C₂H₄ in air during storage did not increase the softening rate. 1-MCP applied before cutting or both before and after cutting of the strawberries increased respiration rates but reduced C₂H₄ production rates. Exposure to 1-MCP had a synergistic effect when combined with CaCl₂ plus CA. The combined treatment of 1-MCP + CaCl₂ + CA slowed down softening, deterioration rates, TA and microbial growth. Compared to the control, which had a 6-day shelf life, the shelf life of fresh-cut strawberries subjected to the combination treatment was extended to 9 days at 5 °C.     

Isolation and Characterization of GhLEA3 Gene from Upland Cotton and Its Expression in Response to Low Temperature Stress

[Objective] Based on the analysis of cotton GhLEA3 gene structure and its expression model in chilling stress, we investigated the resistance function of GhLEA3 in response to cold stress. [Method] We cloned GhLEA3 from upland cotton by homologous sequence cloning way. We analyzed the properties of the GhLEA3, and constructed phylogenetic tree by bioinformatics analysis. We constructed the transient expression vector 35S∷GhLEA3-GFP by In-Fusion connection technology and studied the subcellular localization of GhLEA3. The expression of GhLEA3 gene in leaves of TM-1 at three-leaf stage under low temperature stress treatments (4 ℃, 24 h) was performed. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated floral dipping method was used to transform the gene with expression vector 35S∷GhLEA3-GFP into Arabidopsis thaliana wild type. Low temperature germination experiment at 4 ℃ was conducted to verify germination ability of the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana T₃ seed. The transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings were treated at 4 ℃(low temperature), and all the leaves were taken to measure their electrical conductivity. [Result] The coding sequence of GhLEA3 gene is 1 218 bp, which encodes 405 amino acids. GhLEA3 protein includes 4 functional domains of PF02987. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the similarity of amino acid sequences between upland cotton GhLEA3 and Arabidopsis thaliana AtLEA3 was 52.6%. GhLEA3 might be mainly localized in vacuoles and small vesicles. GhLEA3 was up-regulated in leaves after low temperature treatment. The germination rate of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana of T₃ generation at low temperature was significantly higher than that of wild type, and its electrical conductivity of leaves after low temperature treatment was significantly lower than that of wild type. [Conclusion] GhLEA3 belonged to the member of LEA3 family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GhLEA3 had the closest relationship with AtLEA3. GhLEA3 was induced by low temperature stress and may play an important role in improving cold resistance.     

Bt棉对棉叶螨发生的影响及与次生代谢物质的关系

 为明确Bt棉对棉叶螨发生的影响及其与棉株次生代谢物质的关系,以4个Bt棉品种为材料,以不携带Bt基因的常规棉为对照,在大田和温室中调查了棉叶螨的发生趋势,室内观察了棉叶螨的发育历期,测定了不同品种棉花叶片的棉酚和单宁含量,以及取食不同棉花品种的棉叶螨羧酸酯酶的比活力。结果表明,棉叶螨在4个Bt棉品种上的发生显著重于非Bt棉中棉所12,取食4个Bt棉品种的棉叶螨发育历期均明显短于取食中棉所12的棉叶螨的发育历期。4个抗虫棉品种间棉酚和单宁含量虽有差异,但均显著低于中棉所12,而取食中棉所12的棉叶螨的羧酸酯酶比活力也显著低于4个Bt棉品种。Bt棉本身次生代谢物质含量的改变可能影响了棉叶螨的发生。     

基于高光谱的棉花叶片磷含量估测模型

研究不同施磷条件下棉花叶片叶绿素含量的变化规律，旨在建立基于高光谱的叶片磷含量估测模型，实现棉花叶片磷含量快速监测。在盆栽试验条件下，设置不同的磷肥量，测定棉花功能叶叶绿素含量与磷含量，并利用植被指数和叶绿素含量的相关性构建磷含量的光谱变量，从而实现利用高光谱对棉花叶片磷含量的定量监测。结果表明：(1)棉花播种后100天左右，叶片磷含量与叶绿素呈现显著关系(决定系数R²=0.96)。(2)利用多个植被指数(X)和叶绿素含量(I)的相关性构建倒一叶、倒二叶、倒三叶、倒四叶的磷含量光谱变量，其中各叶片相关性最优的模型：倒一叶(L₁)为I₁=2.6131X_RENDVI-0.4275,X_RENDV为红边归一化植被指数，R²=0.71,RMSE=0.2；倒二叶(L₂)为I₅=0.0142X_TVI+0.3274,X_TVI为三角植被指数，R²=0.76,RMSE...