Rearch on Management Model of Make-to-order and Discrete-production Enterprise Based on ERP

By analyzing the feature of make-to-order and discrete-production model, the article gives a model of the enterprise resource mamegement with advanced thoughts and methods of management, such as OPT (Optimized Production Technology) and PM (Project Management).And constructs a model of a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, which is suitable to this kind of enterprise.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviews in This Article: Lessons From an Optical Illusion . On Nature and Nurture , Knowledge and Values . by Edward M. Hundert. Enforcement At The Epa : High Stakes and Hard Choices . by Joel A. Mintz. The Road to Love Canal : Managing Industrial Waste Before EPA. By Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner. Lewis Mumford And The Ecological Region : The Politics Of Planning . Mark Luccarelh. Cities Without Suburbs by David Rusk. (Second Edition.) Immigration And Its Impact Upon American Cities . By Stephen C. Loveless, Clifford P. McCue, Raymond B. Surette, and Dorothy Norris-Tirrell. From Combines To Computers : Rural Services and Development In The Age of Information Technology . By Amy K. Glasmeier and Marie Howland. Cities and Natural Process . By Michael Hough.     

杂种棉养分吸收、光合物质生产特性的研究

通过对杂种棉川杂4号及其亲本养分吸收、光合物质生产特性的初步研究表明:棉株对氮、磷、钾的吸收均呈 Logistic 曲线,但三者吸收速度并不同步,养分吸收强度最大时期在初花期至盛铃期(30/6～28/7),此期吸收了约养分总量的60%;川杂4号的养分净积累量在各吸收期均较高,其养分吸收强度优势在初花期至盛铃期尤为显著,在三要素吸收     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Linnert, Gertrud, Lehrbuch der Allegmeinen Cytogenetik.
Shahidi, Fereidoon (ed.), Canola and Rapeseed. Production, Chemistry, Nutrition and Processing Technology.
Gupta, P. K., and T. Tsuchiya (eds.), Chromosome Engineering in Plants: Genetics, Breeding, Evolution, Part A.
Fendrik, I., und J. Bors, Stralenschäden an pflanzen. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, Band 1: Die nichtparasitären Krankheiten. 6.     

Book Reviews

Book review in this article
Peng, S., K. T. Ingram, H.-U. Neue, L. H. Ziska (eds.), Climate Change and Rice
Anonymous (International Atomic Energy Agency): Nuclear Techniques in soil-plant studies for sustainable agriculture and environmental preservation
Frankenberger Jr. and W. T. M. Arshad, Phytohormones in Soils. Microbial Production and Function . Marcel Dekker
Gilat, D., Experimental use and patents . IIC studies
Cousens, R. and M. Mortimer, Dynamics of weed populations.
Gupta, U. S., Production and improvement of clops for drylands.
Subba Rao, N. S., Soil microorganisms and plant growth, 3rd edn. (revised and enlarged).
Carlile, W. R., Control of Crop Diseases, 2nd edn .
Verma, D. P. S. and R. C. Shoemaker (eds.), Soybean: Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology . Biotechnology in Agriculture Series
Fendrik, I., M, del Gallo, J. Vanderleyden, M. de Zamaroczy (eds.), Azospirillum VI and Related Microorganisms. Genetics – Physiology – Ecology. NATO ASI Series. Series G: Ecological Sciences     

Evaluation on Diseases Resistance of Cotton Material and Its Utilization

Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt are important worldwide fungal diseases on cotton that cause damage to yield and quality.The pathogens survive in soil as microsclerotia for many years,and can be transmitted through seeds,soil,stream,and plant residues.And currently,no effective chemical control is available for those diseases.Production practices have established that planting wilt diseaseresistance varieties was one of the most effective and safe measures to control those diseases with low cost.However,screening for wilt-resistance germplasm resources is the basis for resistance breeding.     

Cleaner Production Information Database''s Building of Chongqing

Cleaner Production must be done to achieve sustainable development. One of the most important things to develop Cleaner Production in Chongqing is to build Cleaner Production Information Database. The database confirms its purpose and function accorded with the situation of Chongqing. Furthermore, this database is designed by Delphi5 in Windows 2000 and proved to run well after debug. It can give service of technological information to Chongqing Cleaner Production.     

Research on grey correlation analysis for cleaner production

The current methods used to select the schemes for Cleaner Production in China have some disadvantages. This paper presents the Grey Correlation Analysis and constructs a new index system for Cleaner Production schemes. The environmental index, the economic index, etc., and technical index, are quantifyed and minimized. Each scheme is compared with the evaluation standard. The optimal scheme which has the largest correlation with the evaluation standard. The result shows that the Grey Correlation Analysis can effectively avoid the subjective bias on the scheme selection for Cleaner Production. Schemes for Cleaner Production selected by the Grey Correlation Analysis have better performance than those selected by the traditional method in terms of economic, environmental and technical indexes.     

微生物菌剂对连栋大棚土壤养分及硝态氮累积的影响

笔者利用微生物菌剂对长期废弃的2hm2大棚进行改良处理,通过测定试验前土壤重金属、农药残留情况和土壤基本理化性状,以及处理后土壤pH、EC、有机质、有效磷、硝态氮含量的变化,分析不同施肥处理对土壤养分的改良效果以及对硝态氮累积的影响。研究结果表明：农村废弃大棚土壤重金属含量低于《土壤环境质量标准》的二级限值和《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》的限值,农药残留含量小于《土壤环境质量标准》的二级限值;对照、有机肥和菌剂复合处理使0~5cm表层土壤pH上升;有机质、菌肥、有机肥和菌剂复合处理能提高土壤EC值以及土壤养分含量,且与对照存在着差异;3个施肥处理增加了表层的硝态氮含量,存在着表聚现象,但在5~30cm土层中,各处理土壤硝态氮含量比试验前均减少。可得出结论,该地块没有受到重金属和农药残留污染;在不同施肥处理中,施用有机肥+菌剂复合处理能显著提高土壤pH、有机质、有效磷含量,降低5~30cm土层中硝态氮含量。     

Book Reviews

Books Reviewed in this Article:
Rehm, S., and G. Espig, The Cultivated Plants of the Tropics and Subtropics.
Sudhaus, W. und K. Rehfeld, Einführung in die Phylogenetik und Systematik.
Goldamer, J. G. (ed.), Tropical Forests in Transition.
Steinmetz, H. (ed.), Dictionary: Pflanzenproduktion/Plant production/Production vegetale/ Produccion vegetal/Produzione vegetale/Plantenteelt.
Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.), High-Tech and Micropropagation II. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry.
Linskens, H.-F. and J. F. Jackson (eds.), Seed Analysis. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis.
Loomis, R. S. and D. J. Connor, Crop ecology: productivity and management in agricultural systems.
Hiatt, A. (Ed.): Transgenic Plants – Fundamentals and Applications.
Franke, W.: Nutzpflanzenkunde – Nutzbare Gewächse der gemäßigten Breiten, Subtropen und Tropen.
Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.): High-Tech and Micropropagation III. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Vol. 19.
Sybenga, J.: Cytogenetics in Plant Breeding.
Schuster, W.: Ölpflanzen in Europa.
Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.): High-Tech and Micropropagation IV. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 20.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Book Review Essay Deindustrialization and Regional Economic Transformation : The Experience of the United States . Edited by Lloyd Rodwin and Hidehiko Sazanami. Industrial Change and Regional Economic Transformation : The Experience of Western Europe . Edited by Lloyd Rodwin and Hidehiko Sazanami. The Bias Against Agriculture : Trade and Macroeconomic Policies in Developing Countries . Edited by Romeo M. Bautista and Alberto Valdes. Central and East European Economies in Transition : The International Dimension . By Andras Koves. Where North Meets South : Cities , Space , and Politics on the u.s.- Mexico Border . By Lawrence A. Herzog. Migration , Population Structure , and Redistribution Policies . Edited by Calvin Goldscheider Migration and Residential Mobility By Martin Cadwallader. State Government and Economic Performance . By Paul Brace. Hollow Promises : Rhetoric and Reality in the Inner City . Edited by Michael Keith and Alisdair Rogers. Wildlife Management and Subsistence Hunting in Alaska . By Henry P, Huntington. Spreadsheet Models for Urban and Regional Analysis . Edited by Richard E. Klosterman, Richard K. Brail and Earl G. Bossard.     

套袋对白水县苹果质量及效益的影响

白水县是陕西苹果的最佳优生区,套袋苹果已占苹果生产总量的65.54%,是无公害苹果生产的关键技术之一,研究套袋技术对苹果生产具有重要的指导意义。项目对白水县苹果套袋情况进行了系统的调查,并就生产中三种果袋对苹果外观质量、内在质量、果实黑点病发生情况、效益等进行了研究。研究结果表明：目前生产中应用较多的仍然是双层双色纸袋和单层双色劣质纸袋,果实套袋能显著提高果实光洁度、着色度、果实外观鲜艳,降低VC含量,增加黑点病发病率,其中套双层三色优质纸袋苹果黑点病发病率轻,为5.2%,而套单层双色劣质纸袋重,高达47.7%,套袋能显著提高苹果生产的经济效益     

棉花生产管理系统研究进展及应用

介绍了棉花生产管理系统研究概况，包括棉花生产模拟模型、专家系统和生产管理系统。在此基础上总结出棉花生产管理系统研究的发展趋势，并提出相应对策。     

新疆兵团新型团场信息化建设模式探索研究

根据新疆兵团新型团场信息化建设与发展的需要,分析了新疆兵团团场信息化的现状与问题,提出兵团与新型团场信息化发展与建设的建议;探索了新疆兵团新型团场信息化建设模式,在兵团新型团场信息化建设过程中,积极开展现农业信息的网络化和数字化建设,以农业信息化带动农村现代化,为实现兵团团场跨越式发展提供信息技术和信息系统的支撑。     

不同试剂盒对烟丝DNA提取及其微生物群落多样性分析效果的比较

筛选能高效提取烟丝DNA，并能获取其微生物群落多样性较高的试剂盒。选择3种不同的试剂盒提取烟丝DNA，比较DNA的纯度和浓度，并将提取的DNA进行原核生物16S rRNA基因V3~V4区和真菌ITS2区的PCR扩增及扩增子高通量测序，进而比较烟丝样品微生物群落多样性和结构差异。结果表明：（1）DNeasy? PowerPlant? Pro Kit植物基因组提取试剂盒(P)提取的烟丝DNA浓度为(103.67±1.7) ng/μL，显著高于其他试剂盒(P<0.01)，且3种试剂盒提取的DNA纯度均达到合格水平。（2）3种试剂盒提取的DNA样本均能反映样本中原核生物群落多样性与结构，从门分类水平看，试剂盒P检测到11个门类，E.Z.N.A.TM HP Plant DNA Kit植物基因组提取试剂盒(M)检测到8个门类，DNeasy? PowerSoil? Kit土壤基因组提取试剂盒(S)检测到5个门类；从属分类水平看，试剂盒P检测到83个属，试剂盒S检测到71个属，试剂盒M检测到69个属。（3）3种试剂盒均能检测到Unclassified类群、子囊菌门Ascomycota、接合菌门Zygomycota和Others等4个真菌门类，但试剂盒P检测到的类群比例最高；在属分类水平上，试剂盒P检测出30个属，试剂盒S检测出20个属，试剂盒M检测出11个属。DNeasy? PowerPlant? Pro Kit植物基因组提取试剂盒(P)能有效提取烟丝及其所含微生物的总DNA，并能检测出更高的烟丝微生物群落多样性，推荐该试剂盒用于烟丝样品中微生物群落多样性与结构的分析。     

An overview of APSIM, a model designed for farming systems simulation

The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) is a modular modelling framework that has been developed by the Agricultural Production Systems Research Unit in Australia. APSIM was developed to simulate biophysical process in farming systems, in particular where there is interest in the economic and ecological outcomes of management practice in the face of climatic risk. The paper outlines APSIM's structure and provides details of the concepts behind the different plant, soil and management modules. These modules include a diverse range of crops, pastures and trees, soil processes including water balance, N and P transformations, soil pH, erosion and a full range of management controls. Reports of APSIM testing in a diverse range of systems and environments are summarised. An example of model performance in a long-term cropping systems trial is provided. APSIM has been used in a broad range of applications, including support for on-farm decision making, farming systems design for production or resource management objectives, assessment of the value of seasonal climate forecasting, analysis of supply chain issues in agribusiness activities, development of waste management guidelines, risk assessment for government policy making and as a guide to research and education activity. An extensive citation list for these model testing and application studies is provided.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviews in This Article: THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE By Edward O. Wilson. THE CAR AND THE CITY: THE AUTOMOBILE, THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND DAILY LIFE. By Martin Wachs and Margaret Crawford, editors. WHO'S BASHING WHOM? TRADE CONFLICTS IN HIGH-TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES By Laura D'Andrea Tyson. THE PENTAGON AND THE CITIES. By Andrew Kirby, ed. DEFENSE, WELFARE AND GROWTH: PERSPECTIVES AND EVIDENCE. By Steve Chan and Alex Mintz. SACRED COWS AND HOT POTATOES: AGRARIAN MYTHS IN AGRICULTURAL POLICY. By William P. Browne, Jerry R. Skees, Louis E. Swanson, Paul B. Thompson, and Laurian J. Unnevehr. RURAL POLICIES FOR THE 1990S. Edited by Cornelia B. Flora and James A. ELECTRONIC BYWAYS: STATE POLICES FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TELECOMMUNICATIONS. By Edwin B. Parker and Heather E. Hudson with Don A. Dillman, Sharon Strover, and Frederick Williams.     

灭菌鸡粪与化肥N、P、K配施效应试验研究

鸡粪与N、P、K配施对小麦有明显增产效应,不同处理产量表现为MNPK>MNP>NPK>MN>NP>N>CK。施用化肥依然是提高小麦产量的主要措施,N素占主导地位。鸡粪增产主要是其携入的N、P、K营养元素所致。鸡粪与N、P、K间存在明显正连应效应,配施能够显著增加小麦产量和收益。     

冬小麦群体根系32P吸收活力与群体光合速率关系的研究

利用同位素示踪技术,研究了冬小麦(鲁麦14)群体根系吸收活力和群体光合速率变化动态之间的关系。结果表明：返青到成熟,冬小麦群体根系32P吸收活力与群体光合速率符合回归方程y=2.050+1.641x(r=0. 8163* );群体根系32P吸收活力与根层14C光合产物集运速率显著相关((r=0.9629**),其变化主要受根层、茎层、叶层32P矿质集运速     

草地退化演替阶段羊草叶片碳氮磷化学计量学研究

C、N、P 是生物地球化学循环中的重要元素,在生态系统中占有重要地位,植物体内特别是叶片C、N、P 的生态化学计量学特征一直是生态学研究的一个热点。通过测定吉林省姜家甸草地不同退化演替阶段羊草叶片中C、N、P含量,研究了草地退化演替阶段羊草叶片生态化学计量特征。结果表明：C含量轻度退化草地最高,极严重退化草地最低;N含量极严重退化草地最高,未退化草地最低;P含量极严重退化草地最高,中度退化草地最低;C/N未退化草地最高,极严重退化草地最低;C/P 中度退化草地最高,极严重退化草地最低;N/P重度退化草地最高,未退化草地最低。未退化草地羊草受N和P共同限制,退化草地主要受P限制。生态化学计量学特征对草地不同退化演替阶段具有指示意义。